European Journal of Physics最新文献

Surprises in the theory of elasticity: pairwise atomic interactions, central forces, and Cauchy relations 弹性理论中的惊喜：成对原子相互作用、中心力和柯西关系

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e45

J Etxebarria

引用次数: 0

The water bottle flipping experiment: a quantitative comparison between experiments and numerical simulations 水瓶翻转实验：实验与数值模拟的定量比较

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e43

Julie Nassoy, Margot Nguyen Huu, Léon Rembotte, Jean-Baptiste Trebbia and Pierre Nassoy

{"title":"The water bottle flipping experiment: a quantitative comparison between experiments and numerical simulations","authors":"Julie Nassoy, Margot Nguyen Huu, Léon Rembotte, Jean-Baptiste Trebbia and Pierre Nassoy","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e43","url":null,"abstract":"The water bottle flip experiment is a recreational, non-conventional illustration of the conservation of angular momentum. When a bottle partially filled with water is thrown in a rotational motion, water redistributes throughout the bottle, resulting in an increase of moment of inertia and thus a decrease in angular velocity, which increases the probability of it falling upright on a table as compared with a bottle filled with ice. The investigation of this phenomenom is accessible to undergraduate students and should allow them to gain better understanding of combined translational and rotational motions in classical mechanics. We report a series of detailed experiments that are quantitatively compared with numerical calculations based on a simple theoretical framework in which the water volume is decomposed into thin slices of a rigid body that are subjected to fictitious forces in the non-inertial frame of the spinning bottle. This model also allows us to capture and predict other experimental configurations. Finally, we discuss additional counter-intuitive effects that contribute to bottle stabilization on landing.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An inexpensive way to introduce students to gamma spectroscopy 向学生介绍伽马能谱的廉价方法

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad74b9

Ilija Arsenić, Miodrag Krmar, Branka Radulović, Pavel Semchukov, Gennady Yarygin and Nikita Sidorov

{"title":"An inexpensive way to introduce students to gamma spectroscopy","authors":"Ilija Arsenić, Miodrag Krmar, Branka Radulović, Pavel Semchukov, Gennady Yarygin and Nikita Sidorov","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad74b9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad74b9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two ways to introduce the student to some basic experimental concepts of gamma spectroscopy, without the use of expensive professional measurement equipment. For one, the complete experiment was simulated through several computer programs. Using this simulation, students are tasked with performing all the operations that must be performed in a real experimental setup, to obtain the spectrum of gamma radiation, as the expected result. For the second approach, equipment has been designed that looks and functions like real experimental equipment, and students can use it to perform completely identical procedures in the measurement process as with the real one. The central part of each component of a system designed in this way is a programmable microcontroller, set to perform a function analogous to that of the actual components. By working in these two ways, with a virtual experiment or a setup designed to fully imitate real measurement equipment, students can be introduced to the field of gamma spectroscopy and acquire a routine that can be repeated in real experiments. The main advantage of these two described methods is that they only require small investments.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow of water out of a funnel 水从漏斗流出

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad7107

Johann Otto and Carl E Mungan

引用次数: 0

Investigative photometry experiments on planar extended-light sources 平面扩展光源的调查性测光实验

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e44

M Campione, A Pietropaolo and G Bussetti

{"title":"Investigative photometry experiments on planar extended-light sources","authors":"M Campione, A Pietropaolo and G Bussetti","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e44","url":null,"abstract":"The inverse-square decay law of the illuminance of a point light source with distance is a common notion of basic optics theory, which is readily demonstrated to be a direct consequence of the propagation of spherical wave fronts with the centre at the light source. It is far less common to address the experimental verification of this law and, even less, to study the illuminance decay with the distance of extended light sources, which somehow represent an unknown topic. We propose a scientific experiment where the light sensor of a smartphone is used to collect illuminance data as a function of the source-to-sensor distance and orientation. Through this procedure, students can realize the limit of validity of the inverse-square law and determine the luminance flux of the chosen point-like light source (e.g. the white LED flashlight of a smartphone). More interestingly, when dealing with extended sources (e.g. the LCD of a laptop displaying a white image) subtle characteristics of the decay trend emerge, particularly for distances lower that the source size. A detailed analysis of these characteristics is presented though a process allowing student engagement in a real scientific investigation, envisaging steps of data acquisition through experimental measurements, model construction on the basis of the observed patterns, and finally model testing. We provide a guided formulation for the general modelling of planar emitters, starting from the theoretical treatment of Lambertian sources. In this way, students are able to quantify the luminous emission also for extended sources and their deviation from a Lambertian behaviour.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drude’s lesser known error of a factor of two and Lorentz’s correction 德鲁德较少为人知的 2 倍误差和洛伦兹校正

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e46

Navinder Singh

{"title":"Drude’s lesser known error of a factor of two and Lorentz’s correction","authors":"Navinder Singh","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e46","url":null,"abstract":"As is well known, Paul Drude put forward the very first quantitative theory of electrical conduction in metals in 1900. He could successfully account for the Wiedemann–Franz law which states that the ratio of thermal to electrical conductivity divided by temperature is a constant called the Lorenz number. As it turns out, in Drude’s derivation there is a lucky cancellation of two errors. Drude’s underestimatation (by an order of 100) of the value of square of the average electron velocity compensated for his overestimatation of the electronic heat capacity (by the same order of 100). This compensation or cancellation of two errors lead to a value of the Lorenz number very close to its experimental value; which is well known. There is another error of a factor of two which Drude made when he calculated two different relaxation times for heat conductivity and electrical conductivity; in this article we highlight how and why this error occurred in Drude’s derivation and how it was removed 5 years later (in 1905) by Hendrik Lorentz when he used the Boltzmann equation and a single relaxation time. This article is of pedagogical value and may be useful to undergraduate/graduate students learning solid state physics.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The process of constructing new knowledge: an undergraduate laboratory exercise facilitated by a vacuum capacitor-resistor circuit 构建新知识的过程：利用真空电容器-电阻器电路促进本科生实验练习

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb4

Frank V Kowalski

引用次数: 0

Additional applications of the Lambert W function to solid state physics 兰伯特 W 函数在固态物理学中的其他应用

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb3

Ahmed Houari

引用次数: 0

Evaluating AI and human authorship quality in academic writing through physics essays 通过物理论文评估学术写作中的人工智能和人类作者质量

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad669d

Will Yeadon, Elise Agra, Oto-Obong Inyang, Paul Mackay, Arin Mizouri

{"title":"Evaluating AI and human authorship quality in academic writing through physics essays","authors":"Will Yeadon, Elise Agra, Oto-Obong Inyang, Paul Mackay, Arin Mizouri","doi":"10.1088/1361-6404/ad669d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad669d","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to compare the academic writing quality and detectability of authorship between human and AI-generated texts by evaluating <italic toggle=\"yes\">n</italic> = 300 short-form physics essay submissions, equally divided between student work submitted before the introduction of ChatGPT and those generated by OpenAI’s GPT-4. In blinded evaluations conducted by five independent markers who were unaware of the origin of the essays, we observed no statistically significant differences in scores between essays authored by humans and those produced by AI (<italic toggle=\"yes\">p</italic>-value = 0.107, <italic toggle=\"yes\">α</italic> = 0.05). Additionally, when the markers subsequently attempted to identify the authorship of the essays on a 4-point Likert scale—from ‘Definitely AI’ to ‘Definitely Human’—their performance was only marginally better than random chance. This outcome not only underscores the convergence of AI and human authorship quality but also highlights the difficulty of discerning AI-generated content solely through human judgment. Furthermore, the effectiveness of five commercially available software tools for identifying essay authorship was evaluated. Among these, ZeroGPT was the most accurate, achieving a 98% accuracy rate and a precision score of 1.0 when its classifications were reduced to binary outcomes. This result is a source of potential optimism for maintaining assessment integrity. Finally, we propose that texts with ≤50% AI-generated content should be considered the upper limit for classification as human-authored, a boundary inclusive of a future with ubiquitous AI assistance whilst also respecting human-authorship.","PeriodicalId":50480,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualization of electromagnetic fields in a circular waveguide using Mathematica 利用 Mathematica 实现圆形波导中电磁场的可视化

IF 0.7 4区教育学

European Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6404/ad6cb5

Ya-Ju Song, Meng-Yao Chai, Xin-Wen Wang, Ji-Bing Yuan, Shi-Qing Tang, Yan Liu

引用次数: 0