European Review of Aging and Physical Activity最新文献

{"title":"Temporal dissociation between heart rate recovery and heart rate variability recovery after submaximal exercise in healthy older adults.","authors":"Gulsah Sahin, Feyza Mutlay","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00432-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00432-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart rate recovery (HRR) is commonly used to evaluate post-exercise recovery. However, it might not fully represent the recovery of heart rate variability-derived autonomic indices in older adults. This study examined whether heart rate and heart rate variability-derived indices of cardiac autonomic modulation show divergent recovery patterns following submaximal exercise in healthy older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-eight community-dwelling adults aged 60-81 years completed a 5-minute submaximal step test following a 10-minute seated resting period. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (RMSSD, pNN50, mean RR, SDNN, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio) were recorded during a 10-minute passive recovery period using a chest strap (Polar H10) monitor and analyzed with Kubios HRV software (version 4.0.3). Recovery dynamics were evaluated by comparing baseline values with the final 5-minute segment of the recovery phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heart rate and mean RR approached pre-exercise resting values during recovery, corresponding to 97.3% and 97.2% recovery, respectively. In contrast, RMSSD and pNN50 showed lower recovery ratios, corresponding to 79.8% and 51.1% of pre-exercise resting values, respectively. ΔHR showed a very strong association with Δ mean RR (r _s = -0.932) but only moderate correlations with HRV-derived indices (ΔRMSSD: rs= -0.478; ΔHF: rs = -0.330). Recovery of HRV-derived indices was lower in the older-old group (75-81 years) and was associated with advancing age (ΔRMSSD: rs = -0.312; ΔHF: rs = -0.441).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In healthy older adults, heart rate approached pre-exercise resting values during the post-exercise recovery period, whereas several HRV-derived indices remained incompletely restored. These findings suggest that heart rate and HRV-derived indices may follow different recovery trajectories after submaximal exercise. Because autonomic function was assessed using non-invasive measures, these findings should not be interpreted as direct evidence of a causal dissociation between heart rate recovery and parasympathetic reactivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring physical activity over the life course: cross-cultural validation and measurement properties of the lifetime total physical activity questionnaire for Brazilian older adults.","authors":"Nara Batista de Souza, Larissa Guimarães Paiva, Christine Friedenreich, Túlio Medina Dutra de Oliveira, Cristino Carneiro Oliveira, Anderson José, Carla Malaguti","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00429-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00429-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Assessing lifetime physical activity is essential for understanding its cumulative impact on health and ageing; however, no validated instrument is available in Brazilian Portuguese to capture these long-term patterns. The Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire (LTPAQ) records physical activity across multiple domains and intensities throughout the life course.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To translate the LTPAQ into Brazilian Portuguese, perform a cross cultural validation and evaluate its measurement properties in a population of Brazilian older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This methodological study was conducted in two phases: (1) translation and cross-cultural validation following the Beaton guidelines, and (2) measurement properties according to COSMIN standards. The pre-final version was tested in 30 older adults to assess comprehensibility, and the measurement property analyses were conducted in 80 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years. Test-retest reliability, measurement error (standard error of measurement, Bland-Altman limits of agreement), interpretability (minimum detectable difference, floor and ceiling effects), and hypothesis testing and known-groups analyses for construct validity were evaluated. The calendar method was used to improve lifetime activity recall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Brazilian Portuguese version of the LTPAQ required minimal cultural adaptation and achieved excellent clarity (content validity index > 0.90). Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.89-0.96), with minimal measurement error (SEM = 1%) and low minimum detectable difference values. Narrow limits of agreement were observed for transportation and exercise/sports, while light-to-moderate activities showed wider variability. Floor effects were present in some domains, but no ceiling effects were identified. No significant correlations were observed between the LTPAQ-Brazil and the EuroQol 5-Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF). However, significant differences in lifetime physical activity scores were found according to sex, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status, supporting construct validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LTPAQ-Brazil demonstrated evidence of cross-cultural validity, reliability, measurement precision, interpretability, and construct validity for assessing lifetime physical activity in Brazilian older adults. The instrument enables the characterization of physical activity exposure across the life course and may be useful for epidemiological and healthy ageing research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world walking and activity patterns in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the SMART-AGE trial.","authors":"Tobias Eckert, Katharina Gordt-Oesterwind, Ann-Sophie Haas, Melissa J Boettinger, Anna-Lena Schubert, Meike Snijder-Steinhilber, Hans-Werner Wahl, Juergen M Bauer, Jochen Klenk, Jose Albites-Sanabria, Clemens Becker, Carl-Philipp Jansen","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00431-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00431-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) measured under real-world conditions allow for differentiated insights into mobility patterns of older adults. This study provides an advanced description of real-world walking in community-dwelling older adults and identifies correlates of walking amount, pattern and speed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the SMART-AGE intervention trial with community-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 67 years). Assessment procedures included one-week monitoring of real-world walking using a wearable device (Axivity AX6), clinical outcomes, and tablet-based questionnaires. DMOs describing the amount (steps, walking duration), pattern (e.g., number of walking bouts [WBs]) and pace (mean and 90th percentile [P90] walking speed) of real-world walking were extracted using a validated computational pipeline. Data were included with ≥ 12 h/day wear time on ≥ 3 days. Stepwise hierarchical linear mixed modelling examined associations between DMOs and sociodemographic correlates, environmental conditions, health status (Body Mass Index), locomotor capacity (Timed Up & Go [TUG]), fall-related concerns (Short FES-I) and cognitive processing speed (Symbol Search Score).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample of 569 participants with a mean age of 75.0 ± 5.6 years (52% women; 56% higher education) showed a mean walking activity of 11 746 ± 5 446 steps/day, 432.3 ± 153.8 WBs / day in total, and a mean walking speed of 0.75 ± 0.13 m/s in longer (> 30s) WBs. Age was consistently related to real-world walking across all DMOs, showing non-linear trends. We found sex-related patterns of walking, as women had more WBs in total but fewer longer (> 30 s) WBs than men. Body Mass Index and locomotor capacity were consistent predictors of walking across all DMOs (β = -0.08 to -0.25, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides detailed and novel insights into real-world walking in a highly active population of older adults, highlighting lower walking activity with increasing age and differences in activity patterns between men and women. Mobility data may serve as a reference for community-dwelling older adults and facilitate the identification of early changes in everyday mobility, thereby informing future mobility recommendations and preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 12-week unstable surfaces resistance training on muscle stiffness, muscle co-activation, and balance in older individuals.","authors":"Ping Liu, Lele Chang, Yueyue Shi, Yaru Hao","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00430-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00430-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of unstable resistance training (URT) and stable resistance training (SRT) on muscle stiffness, co-activation, balance, and pain in older adults. To date, no study has investigated dose-matched instability-based resistance training in this population with prespecified endpoints of co-activation and muscle stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six older adults were randomly assigned to either the URT (n = 23) or SRT (n = 23) group for a 12-week intervention. Both groups performed seven lower-limb exercises with matched volume and intensity, with the URT group utilizing instability devices. Outcomes included muscle-tendon stiffness in the quadriceps and hamstrings, co-activation during squat-down (SD), stand-up (SU), and transition (SUSD). Balance was assessed using the Y-Balance Test (YBT) and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and pain was measured with the visual analogue scale (VAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with SRT, URT resulted in greater reductions in co-activation during SD (p = 0.035), SU (p = 0.003), and SUSD (p = 0.001). URT also produced larger improvements in balance, as indicated by BESS (p = 0.009), YBT-right (p = 0.008), and YBT-left (p < 0.001). Increases in muscle stiffness with URT were limited to the vastus medialis, quadriceps tendon, and hamstring tendon (all p < 0.05), whereas SRT produced broader increases in muscle-tendon stiffness (all p < 0.05). VAS scores decreased in both groups, with a greater reduction after URT (p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In older adults, URT more effectively reduced co-activation and enhanced balance under matched loads, while SRT increased muscle stiffness across a broader range of muscles. Given that both interventions reduced pain, the choice of intervention should depend on whether the primary objective is to improve coordination and balance or to increase muscle stiffness.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, retrospectively registered. Registration number XXXX.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149276583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of AI-generated exercise awareness messages for older adults aligned with the ICFSR consensus: a comparative study of three LLMs.","authors":"Yannick Laurent Tchenadoyo Bayala, Louis Sylvain Peng-Wendé Ouedraogo, Abdoul Rahamane Cissé, Fulgence Kaboré, Aristide Relwendé Yameogo, Aboubakar Ouedraogo, Yamyellé Enselme Zongo, Wendlassida Joelle Stéphanie Zabsonré Tiendrébeogo, Dieu-Donné Ouedraogo","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00428-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00428-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as potential tools for health communication and patient education. However, their ability to translate complex medical guidelines into accessible, safe, and accurate messages for older adults remains insufficiently evaluated. To assess the capacity of ChatGPT-4, Claude AI, and Deepseek to generate exercise awareness messages for older adults, aligned with international expert consensus.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between April and August 2025. Using the ICFSR 2021 Global Consensus on optimal exercise recommendations as the gold standard, we evaluated messages generated by three LLMs for 13 common chronic conditions in older adults. A standardized prompt was used to generate messages addressing exercise prescription considerations, disease progression, and recommended modalities. Two independent expert evaluators; a geriatrician and a sports medicine physician assessed five dimensions using a 5-point Likert scale; accuracy, clarity, safety, behavioral relevance, and absence of fabrication. Readability was measured using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). Inter-rater agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Claude achieved the overall scores from both evaluators at 4.63 ± 0.55 and 4.60 ± 0.55, followed by ChatGPT-4 at 4.55 ± 0.50 and 4.48 ± 0.53 and Deepseek at 4.15 ± 0.87 and 4.17 ± 0.86. Inter-rater agreement was moderate was 0.668. Claude demonstrated accuracy scores at 4.58 ± 0.64, while ChatGPT-4 excelled in clarity with 5 ± 0. All models achieved perfect scores for absence of fabrication (5 ± 0). Readability indices revealed high complexity across all LLMs, with median FKGL values ranging from 10.84 to 10.93, corresponding to 10th-11th grade reading level, exceeding recommended levels for older populations. A significant correlation was found between Claude's accuracy scores and FKGL (r = 0.599, p = 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LLMs, particularly Claude, ChatGPT-4 and Deepseek demonstrate strong potential for generating accurate, safe, and hallucination-free exercise awareness messages for older adults. However, readability remains above recommended levels, requiring optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging in motion: how age and age simulation shape dual-task walking and memory.","authors":"Anna Heggenberger, Patrick Harth, Sabine Schaefer, Christian Kaczmarek","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00426-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00426-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is accompanied by declines in cognitive, sensory, and motor functions that can adversely affect everyday activities, such as walking while performing a concurrent cognitive task. In this study, we investigate the effects of age and age simulation on dual-task performance, specifically focusing on gait and memory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compare three groups: young adults (n = 28, Mage = 21.82, SDage = 1.96), young adults wearing an age simulation suit (n = 28, Mage = 22.07, SDage = 1.51), and older adults (n = 28, Mage = 72.82, SDage = 6.74). Participants performed a 2-minute walking test (walking as fast as possible) and a word memory test (learning words presented on a piece of cardboard) under single- and dual- task conditions (repeated measures). Gait parameters, including walking speed, cadence, stride length, and double-support time were recorded using a wearable motion capture system. Mixed-design ANOVAs were conducted with Group as a between-subjects factor and Task Condition as a within-subjects factor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyses revealed significant main effects of Task Condition, indicating impairments in both cognitive and gait performance under dual-task conditions (both p < .001), as well as significant main effects of Group, with older adults exhibiting the poorest performance overall (both p < .001). Notably, while memory performance did not differ significantly between young adults with and without the age simulation suit (p = .729), the suit resulted in significantly slower gait speed (p < .001) and alterations in other gait parameters approximating older adults' gait profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results underscore that declines in central attentional capacity combined with peripheral deficits contribute to dual-task interference, potentially increasing instability and fall risk in older populations. Importantly, the group differences reveal how these mechanisms contribute in different ways to age-related performance declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of two versus three weekly sessions of low-load elastic band resistance training on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tatjana Jezdimirović Stojanović, Nikola Andrić, Natasa Zenić, Ane Rincon Perez, Marko D M Stojanović","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00427-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00427-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resistance training is recognized as an effective way to improve muscle strength, metabolic health, and functional fitness in older adults. However, there is little agreement on the ideal number of resistance training sessions per week. It is important to clarify the comparative effects of various training frequencies, especially with accessible low-load methods like elastic bands, to create practical and effective exercise recommendations for this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compared the effects of two (2 sessions/week;2SW) versus three (3 sessions/week;3SW) low-load elastic band resistance training sessions over 12 weeks on metabolic biomarkers and functional fitness in elderly women. Eighty-two women (75.1 ± 8.6 years) were randomly assigned to 2SW (n = 41) or 3SW (n = 41) groups. In this single blind randomized controlled trial, both groups performed equal training volume per session:2 sets of 12-15 repetitions at 40-50% one-repetition maximum using elastic bands. Metabolic biomarkers (fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL) and functional fitness (Chair Sit-and-Reach, 2-min Step Test, 30-s Chair Stand, 30-s Arm Curl, Back Scratch, 2.4-meter Up-and-Go) in addition with handgrip strength were assessed before and after the intervention. Adherence exceeded 90% in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline measures were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Both groups improved significantly in 30-s Chair Stand, 2-min Step test, Arm Curl, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, and Handgrip Strength. 2.4-meter Up-and-Go test improved only in the 2SW group. The 3SW group showed greater increases in handgrip strength (+ 28% vs. +7%) and HDL cholesterol (+ 9% vs. +1%), while total cholesterol and LDL reductions were comparable between groups (p< 0.05). No significant changes occurred in fasting glucose or triglycerides.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings indicate that both two and three low-load elastic band resistance training sessions per week significantly enhance handgrip strength, functional fitness and several metabolic biomarkers profile, with three sessions providing additional benefits in muscle strength and HDL cholesterol.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction on muscle performance, muscle mass, and function in older adults: a systematic review.","authors":"Matic Jelen, Manca Opara Zupančič, Nejc Šarabon","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00425-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00425-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood flow restriction resistance exercise is emerging as a promising strategy for older adults who are unable to perform high intensity resistance exercise. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction resistance exercise on muscle performance, muscle mass, and function in healthy older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, PEDro, and ScienceDirect databases. Randomized controlled trials published in English up to May 2026 were included. Eligible studies involved healthy older adults (mean age ≥ 60 years) and compared blood flow restriction resistance exercise with low intensity resistance exercise, high intensity resistance exercise, or non-exercise control group. Six studies were included in the analysis, comprising 197 participants. Due to heterogeneity of outcome measures and intervention protocols, results were synthesized descriptively. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RoB 2.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood flow restriction resistance exercise may improve lower-limb muscle strength and cross-sectional area, particularly of the quadriceps femoris muscle, with effects comparable to traditional high intensity resistance exercise. One-repetition maximum increased by 15.6-54%, and quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area increased by 3.23-4.2 cm². Limited data were available for functional outcomes but suggested potential benefits. No adverse side effects were reported. None of the included studies was judged to be at overall low risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite methodological limitations, small sample sizes, and heterogeneity of exercise protocols, blood flow restriction resistance exercise appears to be a safe and effective alternative for improving lower-limb muscle strength and muscle mass in healthy older adults. Certainty of evidence is limited by risk of bias and the small number of available studies. Future research should investigate long-term and upper-limb effects and standardized exercise protocols to support the development of clinical guidelines. This research was financially supported by the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (KINSPO, P5-0443; grant No. 58589), and the review was not prospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise, daily physical activity, and age-specific cumulative incidence of mobility decline: an 8-year cohort study of locomotive syndrome.","authors":"Satoshi Yamaguchi, Keiko Yamada, Masaru Moriyama, Tomoyuki Arai, Yasuhiro Morita, Hideaki Ishibashi, Tadashi Ohe, Seiji Ohtori, Ryo Nakagawa","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00424-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00424-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mobility decline is a gradual process that begins earlier than recognized. Locomotive syndrome (LS) captures early mobility impairment using performance tests and a self-reported questionnaire. Although physical activity is important for maintaining mobility, whether simple self-reported exercise habits and daily activity relate to long-term age-specific risk of incident LS has not been fully investigated. This study examined age-specific associations of exercise habits and daily activity with the eight-year cumulative incidence of LS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included 21,339 Japanese adults aged 21-84 (median, 48) years without LS at baseline who participated in annual health checkups between 2016 and 2024. Baseline exercise habits and daily activity were assessed by self-report using dichotomous questionnaire items, and participants were classified into four groups according to the combination of these responses: inactive (Ex-/Da-), daily activity only (Ex-/Da+), exercise only (Ex+/Da-), and both exercise and daily activity (Ex+/Da+). Analyses were stratified by age (≤ 39, 40-64, ≥ 65 years). Incident LS was defined based on the two-step test, stand-up test, and 25-item Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale. Cumulative incidence was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and associations were assessed with multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for lifestyle-related factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over eight years, 7183 participants developed incident LS. Among adults aged 40-64 years, cumulative LS incidence at 8 years showed a statistically significant decline from 0.45 in the Ex-/Da- group to 0.37 in the Ex+/Da+ group (log-rank P < 0.001), which showed the lowest adjusted risk (hazard ratio, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.72-0.85). A similar statistically significant association was observed in adults aged ≥ 65 years (log-rank P < 0.001), with the lowest adjusted risk in the Ex+/Da+ group (hazard ratio, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.56-0.86). The incidence was higher when LS was defined by the 25-item Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale, suggesting that subjective functional decline precedes performance-based impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mobility decline, warranting preventive attention, begins in midlife, not only in older age. Both daily physical activity and exercise were associated with lower long-term risk, and their combination provides the greatest benefit. Subjective functional assessment may represent a useful early intervention target.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional reserve mitigates cognitive-motor dual-task costs in older adults: insights from age, cohort, and behavioural strategies.","authors":"Tian Zhou, Elisa Straub, Andrea Kiesel, Dominic Gehring, Urs Granacher, Aaron Haslbauer, Reto W Kressig, Roland Rössler","doi":"10.1186/s11556-026-00423-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s11556-026-00423-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related declines in somatosensory and cognitive function impair gait and increase fall risk, particularly under dual-tasking where cognitive and motor demands compete for limited resources. Functional reserve, the difference between one's maximum capacity and the minimum required for daily functioning, may buffer cognitive-motor interference. This study examines dual-task costs (DTCs) in healthy older adults, focusing on the roles of functional reserve, age-cohort effects, fall history and behavioural strategies such as \"Stops Walking When Talking\" (SWWT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 4,443 healthy older adults (mean age: 74.8 years, range: 60.05-97.43) completed the Basel Motor-Cognition Dual-Task Paradigm. Participants walked at preferred speed (single task) and performed concurrent cognitive tasks during dual-task walking, targeting semantic (animal naming) and working memory (counting backwards) during walking or as single-tasks. Functional reserve was calculated as the proportional difference between preferred and fast walking speeds. Cognitive and motor DTCs were defined as proportional performance decline from single- to dual-task conditions. Linear mixed models identified predictors of DTCs and assessed logistic-linked fall history. Cohort was residualized from age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant cognitive-motor DTCs emerged, with both semantic and working memory tasks reflecting substantial performance declines when simultaneously walking. Working memory task induced less interference on walking whereas walking interferes more on working memory task, than semantic task, indicating domain-specific competition. Higher functional reserve predicted lower DTCs (motor, p < .001; cognitive, p = .006), suggesting its protective role. Age and cohort independently influenced DTCs, with more recent cohorts exhibiting higher cognitive-motor DTCs despite comparable ages. Fear of falling strongly predicted fall history (p < .001). SWWT was rare (2.8%), yet associated with higher motor DTCs but not falls, suggesting compensatory strategy. Subject-specific cognitive DTC did not correlate negatively to motor DTC after accounting fix effects, thus no trade-off was detected (r = - .024, p = .270).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Functional reserve mitigates cognitive-motor interference in aging, while SWWT may reflect adaptive compensation. These findings identify functional reserve as potential intervention target and highlight the complexity of resource allocation, given the absence of a motor-cognitive trade-off and the presence of domain-specific effects. Future longitudinal studies should examine behaviour markers and refine cognitive-motor metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50477,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Aging and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}