Experimental and Clinical Transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Neoplastic Complications Under mTOR Inhibitors in Kidney Transplant Recipients: 2 Case Reports.","authors":"Rihem Dahmane, Narjess Ben Aicha, Sonia Dziri, Awatef Azzabi, Olfa Mahfoudh, Asma Fradi, Nesrin Ben Saied, Nihed Abdessaied, Wissal Sahtout, Dorsaf Zellama","doi":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P50","DOIUrl":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignancy remains a major cause of late morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients, largely due to chronic immunosuppression and impaired tumor immune surveillance. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors have antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties and are frequently used in recipients considered to be at increased oncologic risk. However, their protective effect against de novo malignancy is not absolute. Here, we report 2 cases of severe malignancies that developed in kidney transplant recipients after conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus following polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. The first patient, a 55-year-old man, developed prostate adenocarcinoma 6 years after transplant and 4 years after conversion to sirolimus. The diagnosis was established during evaluation for severe anemia and graft dysfunction. The second patient, a 35-year-old woman, developed primary central nervous system posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder 4 years after transplant and 2 years after conversion to sirolimus. Histopathologic examination confirmed an aggressive lymphoma without detectable Epstein-Barr virus infection. These cases illustrate that mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor-based immunosuppression does not eliminate the risk of solid or hematologic malignancy. Cumulative immunosuppressive exposure, viral complications, and delayed conversion may contribute to persistent oncogenic risk. Careful long-term oncologic surveillance and individualized immunosuppressive management remain essential in kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 Suppl 2","pages":"413-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Donor Criteria: Outcomes of Marginal Criteria Liver Graft Utilization in the Early Phase of a New Transplant Program.","authors":"Mark Noble, Ramakrishna Reddy Paidi, Rakesh Rai, Mohammed Rajaa Abdulraheem, Nageswar Bandla","doi":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Persistent organ shortages have driven increased use of marginal criteria liver grafts in transplants. We conducted a retrospective single -center analysis of liver transplants performed from November 1, 2023, through January 31, 2025, to compare short-term outcomes between marginal criteria grafts and standard criteria grafts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Donors were classified according to established definitions of extended criteria, and the assessed outcomes included peak liver enzymes, Model for End -Stage Liver Disease scores, and posttransplant complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 18 transplants, 12 (66.6 % )were marginal criteria grafts. Peak levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, Model for End -Stage Liver Disease scores, and overall complication rates were comparable between groups. One recipient of a marginal criteria graft died from primary graft failure, and 1 required a retransplant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that, with careful donor -recipient selection and perioperative management, marginal criteria liver grafts can achieve acceptable short -term outcomes and safely expand the donor pool.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 Suppl 2","pages":"371-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney Transplant in Niemann-Pick Disease Type B with Renal Involvement: A Case Report.","authors":"Najla Zran, Samia Barbouch, Manel Aoun, Nada Sellami, Hayet Kaaroud, Soumaya Chargui, Ezzedine Abderrahim","doi":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Niemann-Pick disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by acid sphingomyelinase deficiency, leading to sphingomyelin accumulation in multiple organs. Type B is considered the less severe form and is typically characterized by visceral involvement, whereas renal manifestations are exceptionally reported. We describe the case of a 36-year-old White male patient with Niemann-Pick disease type B who developed end-stage renal disease secondary to uncommon renal involvement. Kidney biopsy demonstrated foamy podocytes and vacuolated tubular epithelial cells consistent with changes related to Niemann-Pick disease, associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of the collapsing variant and severe vascular lesions compatible with thrombotic microangiopathy. The patient was treated with conventional hemodialysis and remained clinically stable after 7 years of follow-up. Given the absence of neurological impairment and well-controlled systemic involvement, a comprehensive pretransplant evaluation was performed. Despite the multiorgan nature of Niemann-Pick disease type B and potential cardiovascular risks, the patient was considered eligible for kidney transplant and was placed on the waiting list. This case highlights the rarity of renal involvement in Niemann-Pick disease type B and emphasizes the need for individualized assessment when considering kidney transplant in patients with lysosomal storage disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 Suppl 2","pages":"425-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Custom-Built Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tool for Renal Transplant Assessment: A Modular Graphical User Interface for Quantitative Biomarker Extraction.","authors":"Atakan Işık, Tijen Cankurtaran, Orhan Erdem Haberal, Mehmet Haberal","doi":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.O27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.O27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we present a custom -developed, Python -based graphical user interface designed to address the limitations of existing software in region of interest manipulation and fitting algorithm flexibility for intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging analysis, specifically for evaluation of renal grafts and donor organs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We developed a modular tool compatible with DICOM -formatted diffusion -weighted magnetic resonance imaging data. The software incorporates multiple fitting models, including monoexponential, biexponential (free and segmented ), and Bayesian inference approaches. The software supports versatile region of interest drawing tools (freehand, elliptical, and polygonal ) and generates pixel -level parametric maps and baseline -normalized signal decay curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed software interface successfully allowed voxel -wise and region of interest -based analysis of intravoxel incoherent motion parameters (D, D *, f ). The interface also provided visual quality assessment through parametric maps and exported comprehensive data to spreadsheets. Preliminary observations with medical professionals indicated that the software offers superior control over area selection and a more intuitive workflow compared with existing open -source tools.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed software offers a flexible, noninvasive solution for assessing kidney transplant recipients and healthy donors. The DICOM -native compatibility and flexible analysis features of the software make it a suitable tool for prospective clinical trials focused on monitoring graft function and identifying early dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 Suppl 2","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Renal Outcomes and Survival After Liver Transplant: A 10-Year Cohort Study.","authors":"Suzan Ozer, Zeynep Kendi Celebi, Mehmet Haberal","doi":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.O65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.O65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Liver transplant markedly improves survival and quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease; however, chronic kidney disease remains a frequent long -term complication that adversely affects outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative factors on long -term renal outcomes, including chronic kidney disease and end -stage renal disease, as well as patient survival after liver transplant.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective, single-center cohort study of adult liver transplant recipients with 10 -year follow -up. Renal function was assessed using serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and chronic kidney disease was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL /min /1.73 m ² persisting for at least 3 months. We analyzed clinical, perioperative, and postoperative variables to identify predictors of chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and 10-year mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative chronic kidney disease developed in 24% of recipients, with 6.7% progressing to end -stage renal disease. Advanced age, recurrent postoperative acute kidney injury, hepatitis B virus infection, alcohol use, cyclosporine -based immunosuppression, nephrotoxic antibiotics, and postoperative hypertension were independent predictors of chronic kidney disease, whereas hypertension and intensive nephrotoxic antibiotic exposure predicted progression to end -stage renal disease. Graft rejection rates were lower in patients with chronic kidney disease or end -stage renal disease (P < .05 ). Hepatitis C virus positivity, hepatocellular carcinoma, and frequent postoperative infections predicted mortality, whereas renal dysfunction was not independently associated with 10 -year survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long -term renal dysfunction remains a major source of morbidity after liver transplant. Identification of high -risk patients, minimization of nephrotoxic exposures, optimization of blood pressure control, and renal -protective immunosuppressive strategies may help preserve kidney function. The lower rejection rates observed in patients with chronic kidney disease suggest a complex interaction between immune modulation and renal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 Suppl 2","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gene Expression Profiling Surveillance Compared With Endomyocardial Biopsy On Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients with Heart Transplant.","authors":"Serkan Bektur, Rupesh Kshetri","doi":"10.6002/ect.2025.0284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.2025.0284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Gene expression profiling is an emerging noninvasive method for rejection surveillance in heart transplants. Tricuspid regurgitation prevalence increases over time after heart transplant, and many prior studies have implicated invasive endomyocardial biopsy. The relationship between the use of gene expression profiling (AlloMap molecular expression test; CareDx ) versus endomyocardial biopsy with regard to prevalence of tricuspid damage has never been studied.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Among 158 heart transplant patients with history of gene expression profiling and mean follow -up duration of 10.3 years that we reviewed, 114 patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on mean endomyocardial biopsy and mean gene expression profiling sampling times. Tricuspid regurgitation grade change was compared between the group with less gene expression profiling and more endomyocardial biopsy versus the group with more gene expression profiling and less endomyocardial biopsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from this single -center study showed that no statistically significant difference in tricuspid regurgitation for cardiac transplant patients who were monitored for rejection by endomyocardial biopsy versus gene expression profiling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preference of gene expression profiling instead of endomyocardial biopsy for rejection surveillance does not have a significant effect on tricuspid valve regurgitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 7","pages":"558-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape of Deceased Donor Pathways: A 4-Year Experience in the Tuscany Region.","authors":"Chiara Lazzeri, Marco Bombardi, Lara Entani Santini, Arianna Precisi O Procissi, Daniele Cultrera, Adriano Peris","doi":"10.6002/ect.2026.0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.2026.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Donor pathways (donation after neurological death, ie, brain death; and donation after circulatory death ) are influenced, within each country, by several factors such as social trends and disease prevalence, which profoundly affect the mechanism and age of deaths in a population. An informed perspective on this process requires a rigorous analysis of donor efficiency (number of organs retrieved and transplanted, utilization rate, and organs per donor ) and procurement policies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We assessed the procurement activity regarding deceased donors in the Tuscany region from the period 2022 -2025. We focused on trends in donation after brain death and donation after circulatory death (both controlled and uncontrolled donation after circulatory death ), and on deceased donor pathway efficiency as assessed by utilization rate and organs per donor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Tuscany region, 1517 donors were assessed from the period 2022-2025. Most were donations after brain death (1260 /1517, 83 % ), and the remaining 257 (17 % ) were donations after circulatory death (162 uncontrolled, 63 %; and 95 controlled, 37 % ). The number of uncontrolled donations after circulatory death remained stable, whereas the number of controlled donations after circulatory death showed progressive growth. Utilization rate remained stable in donations after brain death and controlled donations after circulatory death, whereas the rate progressively increased in uncontrolled donations after circulatory death (from 56 % in 2022, to 73 % in 2025 ). During the study period, 1367 transplants were performed, and donations after brain death were the main source for transplants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among 1517 deceased donors, the high performance of the donation after brain death pathway, particularly regarding transplant volume and transplant type, underscores the critical need for the systematic identification and optimal management of all potential donations after brain death within the territory.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 7","pages":"563-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes After Liver Transplant Using Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Allografts.","authors":"Saad Ahmed Malik, Srinivasan Muthukrishnan, Chandra Shekhar Bhati, Ruchin Bharat Patel, Omar Rahman, Raphael Pascal Henri Meier","doi":"10.6002/ect.2026.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.2026.0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Normothermic machine perfusion in liver transplants has emerged as a technique to preserve donor allografts, potentially improving graft quality and increasing organ availability. However, a need exists to evaluate long -term recipient and graft survival using normothermic machine perfusion. We evaluated graft survival and outcomes after liver transplant using normothermic machine perfusion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From the United Network for Organ Sharing database, we identified adult recipients ( ≥18 years old ) of liver transplants that occurred between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2024. The primary outcome was graft loss (retransplant or recipient death ). We used Cox regression to identify graft loss predictors in the normothermic machine perfusion group versus static cold storage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 67 447 transplants, 4385 transplant (6.5 % )utilized normothermic machine perfusion. The normothermic machine perfusion donors were older, had higher body mass index (measured as kilograms body mass per meter squared ), had diabetes more commonly, and were more often donors after circulatory death. After multivariable adjustment, normothermic machine perfusion showed graft survival rates comparable with static cold storage (hazard ratio, 1.019; 95 % CI, 0.989 -1.051; P = .218 ). Subgroup analysis showed that donor body mass index, donor diabetes, donor hepatitis C infection, and donation after circulatory death predicted graft loss in static cold storage recipients but not normothermic machine perfusion recipients, suggesting that normothermic machine perfusion may mitigate high =risk donor characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite higher =risk donor profiles, normothermic machine perfusion liver transplants achieved graft survival rates comparable with static cold storage liver transplants. Normothermic machine perfusion may safely expand the donor pool by enabling use of marginal allografts. Prospective studies with longer follow =up are needed to optimize normothermic machine perfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 7","pages":"547-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment of Biliary Rhabdomyosarcoma With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Liver Transplantation.","authors":"Fatma Burcu Belen Apak, Ceren Kilci, Pamir Işik, Fazilet Kayaselcuk, Mehmet Coskun, Lale Olcay, Figen Ozcay, Oya Balcı Sezer, Adem Safak, Emre Karakaya, Mehmet Haberal","doi":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.O69","DOIUrl":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.O69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhabdomyosarcoma, a malignant tumor with striated muscle differentiation, is rarely located in the biliary tract as the primary site. Because of its rarity, this tumor may cause diagnostic and treatment difficulties, and, so far, no therapeutic guidelines specific for this tumor location are available. Here, we describe a 2 -year -old female patient who presented with a 20 -cm progressive abdominal mass causing respiratory distress and feeding difficulties. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hepatic mass extending into the peritoneal cavity, with cystic and solid components. The patient first received 12 weeks of chemotherapy (vincristine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin -D ), which reduced the abdominal circumference and the tumor size. The patient then underwent orthotopic liver transplant from her father following total hepatectomy. She was discharged 2 weeks posttransplant without complications, and 4 additional chemotherapy cycles were planned. Although no standard guidelines exist, tumor reduction before transplant appears to be a viable approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 Suppl 2","pages":"403-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B Reactivation After Kidney Transplantation in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Recipients.","authors":"Bengü Tatar, Adam Uslu, Alpay Arı, Selçuk Kavak, Esra Altıngöz, Gökalp Okut, Erhan Tatar","doi":"10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6002/ect.MESOT2025.P148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hepatitis B virus reactivation in HBsAg -positive kidney transplant recipients sometimes results in liver failure and death. Although current guidelines recommend continuing antiviral therapy for ≥6 months after the last dose of immunosuppressive therapy, in transplant recipients, duration is uncertain because immunosuppressive therapy is lifelong. Here, we evaluated the incidence and effects of hepatitis B virus reactivation in kidney transplant recipients with hepatitis B virus infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We reviewed patients who underwent kidney transplant between 2012 and 2023; we excluded patients with missing hepatitis B serology, those who were hepatitis B surface antigen negative /anti -HBc negative, those with total follow -up of <1 year, and those with coinfection. Hepatitis B virus reactivation was defined as at least a 100 -fold increase in hepatis B virus DNA levels in patients with previously detectable or levels that were negative before becoming positive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 21 hepatitis B surface antigen -positive kidney transplant recipients, mean age was 45.8 ± 8.5 years, 76 % were male, and 62 % had living donor transplant. Mean follow -up was 86 ± 32 months. Seven transplant recipients received antiviral treatment (3 with entecavir, 3 with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 1 with lamivudine ). Among 14 patients without antiviral treatment, 7 had positive HBV DNA ( >69 IU /mL ) at time of transplant All recipients received prophylactic antiviral therapy (14 received entecavir, 4 received lamivudine, 3 received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ) concomitant with transplant. During follow -up, hepatitis B virus reactivation was observed in 25 % of patients who received lamivudine. No serious adverse outcomes, including liver transplant or death, due to HBV reactivation were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although optimal duration of prophylactic antiviral therapy remains unclear, entecavir or tenofovir was the preferred antiviral therapy over lamivudine for hepatitis B virus reactivation prophylaxis. Close monitoring with antiviral prophylaxis is the optimal strategy to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50467,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Transplantation","volume":"24 Suppl 2","pages":"352-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}