IAA Journal of Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Disaster Fallout: Impact of Natural Calamities on HIV Control","authors":"E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Edward Odogbu Odo, M. C. Igwe, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum, Puche Racheal Okwaja","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/2.5.9243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/2.5.9243","url":null,"abstract":"Natural calamities possess a profound and multifaceted impact on HIV control, posing significant challenges to the infrastructure and initiatives aimed at managing the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This review scrutinizes the intricate dynamics between natural disasters and HIV control efforts, elucidating the disruptions these calamities create within prevention, treatment, and care programs. The repercussions extend from compromised healthcare services, heightened vulnerability among affected populations, to the impeded execution of preventive measures. Understanding the interplay between disasters and HIV control is pivotal for devising adaptive strategies capable of sustaining effective interventions during and in the aftermath of catastrophic events. This review amalgamates insights from existing literature, delving into the complexities and proposing mitigation strategies to fortify HIV control in disaster-prone regions. Keywords: Natural disasters, HIV/AIDS, Vulnerability, Displacement, Prevention programs, Psychosocial support, Disaster preparedness, Community engagement, Disaster response","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Nutrients: Exploring the Potential of Phytochemicals for Human Health","authors":"E. Alum, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/4.1.3211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/4.1.3211","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemicals are a broad class of bioactive substances that are produced by plants and can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and herbs. These phytochemicals, which include dietary fibers, polysaccharides, phytosterols, isoprenoids, carotenoids, and saponins, provide a variety of health advantages, including antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. They also have strong antioxidant qualities. This thorough analysis focuses on the several phytochemicals, their origins, and the health benefits that go along with them. Recognizing the variety and advantages of phytochemicals highlights how they might improve human nutrition and health. This article's summary material comes from reliable academic sources such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. This page gives a brief introduction to the many and significant categories of plant-derived bioactive compounds by summarizing the major phytochemical classes, their origins, and their health advantages. Using the advantages of these substances to improve health outcomes points to a viable direction for further study and implementation in the promotion of overall wellness and health. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Carotenoids, Polyphenols, Bioactive compounds, Phytosterols, Saponins","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Puerperal Sepsis among Women Attending the Postnatal Ward at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital","authors":"Eunice Geraldine","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/2.2.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/2.2.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Puerperal sepsis is a widespread issue globally, causing maternal health complications across hospital maternity wards. Typically, around 4-6% of hospital-admitted patients within maternity wards contract clinical infections, including sepsis. The overarching aim of this study was to identify the contributing factors to puerperal sepsis among postnatal mothers in the maternity ward at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. Conducted as a cross-sectional investigation, questionnaires were distributed to mothers in the maternity ward for selfcompletion. All postnatal mothers who delivered at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital and developed puerperal sepsis were included in the study. Quantitative data was manually analyzed using Microsoft Excel, summarized through averages and percentages, and presented via tables, graphs, and pie charts. The study uncovered that the prevalence of puerperal sepsis at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital stands at 22.4%. Key findings include that the majority of respondents were multiparous (80.6%), with 49.4% delivering at the hospital, 41.7% at home, and 8.8% with the assistance of a traditional birth attendant. Furthermore, 64.7% had spontaneous vaginal deliveries, while 35.3% underwent cesarean sections. Additionally, 58.8% were assisted by doctors, and 41.2% were assisted by midwives/nurses. Of note, 57.6% experienced normal labor duration, while 42.4% endured prolonged labor, and 12.9% encountered antepartum hemorrhage. The prevalence of puerperal sepsis was strongly associated with factors such as parity, mode of delivery, place of delivery, duration of labor, and concurrent medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and HIV infection. Recommendations stemming from these findings emphasize collaborative efforts between the government (particularly the Ministry of Health) and hospitals to alleviate costs for mothers during critical health situations. Moreover, aseptic techniques during delivery assistance should be rigorously practiced to mitigate the incidence of puerperal sepsis. Keywords: Puerperal sepsis, Clinical infection, Patients, Postnatal mothers, Caesarean section, Vaginal delivery.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Determinants of Diarrheal Cases in Children Under Five Admitted at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, IshakaBushenyi District, Western Uganda","authors":"Halongo Denis","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/1.2.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/1.2.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhoea stands as a significant global public health issue, with the WHO reporting approximately 2.5 billion cases annually among children below five years old. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of diarrhoea and its influencing factors in children under five admitted to Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH). Employing a cross-sectional and descriptive approach, quantitative data was gathered through selfadministered and investigator-led questionnaires, utilizing digital tools such as Google Sheets for data collection. A total of 238 mothers, randomly selected using convenience sampling, whose children were admitted at KIU-TH constituted the study's sample. The results, presented through 95% Confidence Intervals (C.I), Odd Ratios (OR), and P-values, were computed using Binary Logistic Regression with Pearson’s correlation in SPSS Version 26, and graphically represented using Microsoft Excel Software. At the time of data collection, the prevalence of diarrhoea among children under five admitted at KIU-TH stood at 24.4% based on maternal responses. This high prevalence was found to be influenced by several factors, including the child's vaccination status, the early introduction of supplementary foods, premature weaning practices, and the child's age. Notably, exclusive breastfeeding practices were not adhered to, with mothers introducing other foods at a young age and initiating early weaning practices. Keywords: Diarrhoea, Children under five years of age, Vaccination status, early weaning.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming the Cimerwa Cement Manufacturing Company in Rwanda through Privatization to Enhance Profitability","authors":"David Nyambane, Uwayo Irene","doi":"10.59298/iaajss/2023/1.4.11000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajss/2023/1.4.11000","url":null,"abstract":"The research targeted the challenges encountered in the privatization process impacting the profitability of Cimerwa Cement Manufacturing Company in Rwanda. This investigation held significance for CIMERWA, the researcher, and future scholars. Adopting a case study approach, the research engaged 172 CIMERWA employees, with a sample size of 64 selected through stratified and random sampling methods. Questionnaires and documentary analysis facilitated primary and secondary data collection, while reliability and validity of the instruments were validated via pilot research using Cranach’s Alpha and expert evaluations. SPSS software was employed for data analysis.Findings indicated that inadequate privatization strategies at CIMERWA hinder long-term sustainable performance and goal attainment, leading to escalated capital and maintenance costs, ultimately impacting the company's prosperity. The study emphasized that CIMERWA's efficiency in profitability hinges on its focus on crucial aspects such as material handling systems, warehousing, cost-effective profitability measures, supply chain and inventory management, all pivotal in organizational management. In terms of the benefits derived from privatization efforts, 23.4% of respondents affirmed that these services ensured accountability for profitability, while 60.9% attested to their role in ensuring profitability accountability. Employing the Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS revealed a strong 96.3% correlation between privatization efforts and profitability. Keywords: Privatization, CIMERWA cement, Profitability, Accountability, Employees","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nutritional well-being of children under five with HIV-positive parents at Bikurungu Health Center III in Rukungiri District","authors":"Annibal Muhanguzi","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/3.2.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/3.2.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Families affected by HIV/AIDS often face food insecurity and malnutrition. In impoverished nations, over a third of infectious disease-related deaths in children under five result from poor nutrition. Household food insecurity and the impact of HIV/AIDS-related illnesses can hinder the growth of young children, leading to increased malnutrition. A study involving 310 mother/infant pairs from various households was conducted using a convenient sampling method. Information was gathered through a structured questionnaire. Analysis revealed that children in households affected by HIV had a significantly higher rate of stunting (height-for-age < –2 SD) compared to those in unaffected households (25.5% vs. 9.1%, p = .002). However, the rates of wasting and underweight did not significantly differ between HIV-affected and unaffected households. Living in households affected by HIV is associated with stunted growth in children under five. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Children under 5 years of age, Malnutrition, Stunting","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Intersection of Socio-Economic Dynamics and Family Planning Accessibility: Insights from Women of Reproductive Age in Kween District, Eastern Uganda","authors":"Chemutai Meshak","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/1.1.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/1.1.1000","url":null,"abstract":"The provision and utilization of Family Planning (FP) services play a pivotal role in not only safeguarding women's health but also significantly enhancing the overall well-being of their partners, children, and the wider societal fabric. Studies have estimated that optimizing FP services could potentially save 32% of maternal lives and 10% of child lives. In light of these critical implications, this research delves into the multifaceted factors hindering women's access to Family Planning Services within the precincts of the Kween district. Employing a cross-sectional descriptive study design, this investigation focuses on women aged between 18-49 years. Data collection involved survey questionnaires administered to a strategically sampled group of 40 women. The quantitative data underwent meticulous analysis utilizing SPSS version 20, while qualitative data was subjected to content and thematic analysis, presenting findings in a verbatim format. The study revealed that while 47.5% of women were utilizing modern FP methods, encompassing pills, implants, and injectables, there existed a notable unmet contraceptive need of 25%, coupled with a 22.5% contraceptive discontinuation rate. The primary deterrent to accessing modern FP methods stemmed from acceptability issues entrenched in prevailing myths, notably the erroneous beliefs associating Family Planning with infertility and the culturally unfavorable birth of twins. Moreover, the discontinuation of modern FP methods predominantly stemmed from reported side effects such as excessive bleeding, backaches, and headaches. Additionally, the research underscored a correlation between the utilization of modern FP methods, women's educational attainment, and demographic factors like the number of living male children and participation in polygamous marriages. Intriguingly, religious affiliations had a limited impact on FP method utilization, as women demonstrated a tendency to contravene religious doctrines to access FP services despite religious opposition. This study illuminates critical barriers obstructing women's access to and sustained use of modern FP methods in the Kween district, emphasizing the urgency for tailored interventions addressing socio-cultural misconceptions, side-effect management, and demographic sensitivities to foster more inclusive and effective FP service delivery in similar contexts. Keywords: Family Planning, Contraceptives, Injectables, Implants.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139315575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Influential Factors of Teenage Pregnancy in Kirumya Sub-county, Bundibugyo District, Western Uganda","authors":"Wasswa Rodrick Fosca","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/8.1.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/8.1.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Teenage pregnancy remains a pressing global concern, impacting public health and development on multiple fronts. This study focused on probing the specific factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in Kirumya sub-county, Bundibugyo District, in western Uganda. Its objectives centered on determining the prevalence of teenage pregnancy, identifying key contributing factors, and highlighting the challenges faced by adolescents contending with early pregnancies. Engaging fifty teenage mothers and drawing insights from ten key informants, the study employed face-to-face individual interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for data collection. The research uncovered an alarming prevalence of teenage pregnancy, estimated at 30-40%, surpassing the national average of 25%. Several interconnected factors drove this heightened incidence, including inadequate parental guidance, limited educational opportunities for teenagers, negative cultural norms, challenging socio-economic conditions, insufficient access to youth-friendly services and contraceptives, and a dearth of supportive environments for proper child rearing and development. Furthermore, the study shed light on the significant challenges faced by teenage mothers, encompassing the weight of childcare responsibilities, parental discrimination, and a lack of spousal support. In summary, the study revealed the pronounced prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Bundibugyo District, largely stemming from social, cultural, and institutional factors. Its recommendations advocate collaborative efforts among government entities, NGOs, schools, and parents, emphasizing improved sex education, enhanced accessibility to youth-friendly services, and the establishment of comprehensive social, economic, and psychological support networks for teenage mothers navigating this intricate landscape. Keywords: teenage pregnancy, associated factors, women.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Breastfeeding at Kampala International Teaching Hospital: A Study Spanning May 2021 to July 2022","authors":"Eighemenrio Leonard","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/6.1.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/6.1.1000","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among mothers attending vaccination and pediatric inpatient services at Kampala International Teaching Hospital. Additionally, it sought to identify influential variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in this cohort. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey, 187 respondents were randomly selected. Data collection involved the utilization of a questionnaire, and analysis comprised descriptive statistics focusing on frequency and percentages. The study revealed significant findings: 71.2% of respondents were knowledgeable about the accurate definition and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Among them, 59.7% exclusively breastfed their infants for the recommended initial six months. Notably, 100% provided colostrum to their babies, recognizing its nutritional and protective benefits, while 87% practiced on-demand breastfeeding. Furthermore, the study highlighted a positive attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding, with 86.6% acknowledging breast milk's adequacy for infants during the first six months and recognizing the mutual benefits of EBF for both infants and mothers. Regarding weaning, 51% of respondents initiated it between 15 and 18 months, while 41% did so between 19 and 24 months. The findings underscored a commendable level of breastfeeding knowledge among respondents, with a majority adhering to recommended EBF practices. Additionally, the overwhelmingly favorable attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding signifies its perceived advantages for both infants and mothers. This study emphasizes the importance of continued support and education to reinforce positive breastfeeding practices among mothers attending Kampala International Teaching Hospital. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Babies, Newborn, Mothers, Weaned.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers at Maternal and Child Health Clinic, Moroto Regional Referral Hospital, Moroto District","authors":"Munyes Susan","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2023/5.1.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2023/5.1.1000","url":null,"abstract":"This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among mothers attending the Maternal and Child Health Clinic at Moroto Regional Referral Hospital. The study was conducted between November 2020 and April 2021, utilizing systematic random sampling and employing both qualitative (focused group discussions) and quantitative (closed questionnaires) methods for data collection. Data collected from 150 participants was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results were summarized using frequency tables, charts, and narrative descriptions. The majority (90%) of the mothers had prior awareness of EBF, with fellow breastfeeding mothers (48%) and health workers (31%) being the primary sources of information. A small proportion (4%) relied on the internet, primarily those educated to a tertiary level. Furthermore, 84% correctly defined EBF, although 32% did not consider it sufficient for the first six months, preferring to supplement with other foods. While 65% favored EBF over artificial feeding, only 32% believed breast milk alone was adequate for the first six months. Mothers expressed positive attitudes toward EBF, advocating for immediate breastfeeding initiation, on-demand feeding, and continuation for about two years. However, due to perceived poor maternal nutrition, some introduced supplementary feeds earlier, compromising the recommended EBF duration. The study revealed a high level of awareness and positive attitudes toward EBF among mothers in Moroto. However, despite knowledge about the benefits, some mothers introduced supplementary feeds earlier than recommended due to concerns about insufficient breast milk. Continuous outreach programs emphasizing the importance and proper practices of EBF could help dispel misconceptions and ensure adherence to the recommended breastfeeding practices. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infants, Mother, Milk, Family planning.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}