Forensic Science International-Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Interlaboratory exercise to establish proficiency testing for sequencing of forensic STR and SNP markers","authors":"Maarja Sadam ,&nbsp;Maja Sidstedt ,&nbsp;Reet Järving ,&nbsp;Marie-Louise Kampmann ,&nbsp;Helle Smidt Mogensen ,&nbsp;Eirik Natås Hanssen ,&nbsp;Kirstin Janssen ,&nbsp;Nina Mjølsnes Salvo ,&nbsp;Johannes Hedman ,&nbsp;Marika Väli","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is increasingly used in forensic DNA analysis for SNP and STR genotyping, though accredited proficiency tests remain limited. To address this, five forensic DNA laboratories from four countries participated in a study to assess MPS methods across different kits and platforms. In this study ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit, ForenSeq MainstAY kit, Precision ID GlobalFiler NGS STR Panel v2, Precision ID Identity Panel and Precision ID Ancestry Panel were used to analyze four reference samples and three mock stain samples with different number and proportion of contributors (3:1, 3:1:1, 6:3:1). Performance for autosomal, Y-chromosomal, and X-chromosomal STRs, as well as for identity-, ancestry-, and phenotype-informative SNPs was evaluated. In addition, appearance and ancestry prediction for unknown sample donors was compared between the laboratories. Overall, the results from the participating laboratories showed a high level of agreement, regardless of the platform employed. The issues leading to unsuccessful genotyping were mainly related to different characteristics of the library preparation kits and sequencing technologies, software algorithms used for genotyping (e.g. noise and artefact filtering), or in-house interpretation rules (such as thresholds for allele calling or imbalance). The findings also emphasized the importance of using multiple software tools for accurate ancestry and phenotype prediction. The outcome of the study will help to standardize MPS practices, ensuring reliable and consistent results across laboratories. These findings contribute with valuable knowledge for developing future proficiency tests in forensic MPS analysis, offering insights into analytical variability and result reliability. This study identified key issues affecting genotyping accuracy, critical for developing effective proficiency tests. The insights gained apply broadly to current and future MPS kits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TrACES of time: Towards estimating time-of-day of bloodstain deposition by targeted RNA sequencing","authors":"Annica Gosch ,&nbsp;Sebastian Sendel ,&nbsp;Amke Caliebe ,&nbsp;Cornelius Courts","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In forensic molecular biology, the main task consists of identifying individuals who contributed to biological traces recovered from (potential) crime scenes. However, to support evidence-based reconstruction of the course of activities having taken place at the scene, contextualising information regarding how and when a biological trace was deposited is oftentimes required. Here we present the development of a forensic molecular biological analysis procedure for the prediction of the time-of-day at which a bloodstain has been deposited by targeted quantification of selected mRNA markers. Time-of-day candidate prediction markers with diurnally rhythmic expression have previously been identified by whole transcriptome sequencing. Here, we build on our previous findings by establishing a targeted cDNA sequencing protocol on an Ion S5 massively parallel sequencing device for the targeted gene expression quantification of 69 time-of-day candidate prediction markers. Based on expression measurements of these markers in 408 blood samples (from 51 individuals deposited at eight time points over a day), we establish and compare different statistical methods to predict time of deposition. The most suitable model employing penalised regression achieved a root mean squared error of 3 h and 44 min with 78 % of predictions being correct within ± 4 h (evaluated by five-fold cross-validation), showing pronounced inter-individual differences. While the prediction accuracies of the method in its current state limit its use in the evaluative stage of a criminal trial, the method may nonetheless provide valuable information in the investigative phase. Our study provides the first prediction model for time-of-day of bloodstain deposition based on targeted RNA sequencing and thus represents an important step towards forensic trace deposition timing. It thereby relevantly contributes to the growing knowledge on <u>Tr</u>anscriptomic <u>A</u>nalyses for the <u>C</u>ontextualisation of <u>E</u>vidential <u>S</u>tains (TrACES).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of theta correction in siblingship testing","authors":"Elie Pascolo Tièche ,&nbsp;Mehrican Uzuner ,&nbsp;Daniel Kling ,&nbsp;Martin Zieger","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic relationship testing is dependent on appropriate population data, for which there has been a considerable amount of effort invested over the past three decades. This can be evidenced by the large number of population genetic studies that have presented short tandem repeat (STR) data for a wide range of population groups worldwide. However, comparatively little effort has been invested in the measurement of population substructure at various geographical levels and in the investigation of its effect on genetic relationship testing. The concept of population substructure is utilized as a proxy for co-ancestry in kinship calculations and is often corrected for by introducing the co-ancestry coefficient theta (θ). In practice, it is frequently assessed at the national level or for entire subpopulations. However, infrastructure, geographic and sociocultural factors have the potential to significantly impact the estimation of co-ancestry at the local level, leading to larger population substructure in smaller local communities, which may not be adequately addressed by large-scale population studies. Consequently, it can be challenging to accurately estimate the appropriate degree of co-ancestry for a specific genetic relationship testing case. In contrast to the calculations of DNA match probabilities in forensics, there is no conservative approach to account for this uncertainty in genetic kinship testing. In the present paper, we demonstrate that the incorrect choice of the theta correction factor for co-ancestry can have a substantial impact on the outcome of the calculations and therefore potentially on the life of the concerned individuals. The findings of this study have been used to formulate recommendations for the communication of results, with a particular focus on cases where private individuals are involved in administrative or legal proceedings facing state authorities, such as immigration cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing eDNA from bacteria, fungi, plants, and arthropods associated with mock geologic evidence for sample-to-sample comparisons and study site separation: A feasibility study","authors":"Teresa M. Tiedge ,&nbsp;Kim R. Love ,&nbsp;Kelly A. Meiklejohn","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil and dust are commonly submitted to forensic laboratories as geologic evidence to either link an individual to a crime or to determine sample provenance. However, only the inorganic components within these materials are routinely analyzed despite evidentiary value of the biological components. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from bulk sources, such as soil and dust, can be characterized through DNA metabarcoding, where short regions of the genome are amplified and sequenced using next generation sequencing. Research on the forensic analysis of eDNA has largely been on bacterial and fungal DNA recovered from soil. In this feasibility study, we sought to determine whether DNA from bacteria, fungi, plants, and arthropods individually or in combination were stable to permit sample-to-sample comparisons between study sites regardless of spatial and temporal variables, as well as mock evidence variability. Mock soil and dust evidence was collected from two sites in Raleigh, NC (USA) over a one-year period. Using DNA metabarcoding we found that a) bacteria, fungi, and plants alone or in combination could differentiate between soil and dust mock evidence and between mock evidence from the two study sites, as the taxonomic communities were significantly different, and b) DNA recovered from plants were consistent between dust mock evidence items over the one year period. In general, total genomic DNA concentrations from soil were significantly higher compared to dust, and soil taxa were more taxonomically diverse compared to dust taxa. We also identified biases in amplification of plants, supporting the need of multiple primer pairs in DNA metabarcoding analyses to capture the full taxonomic diversity within samples. The results from this study highlight the promise of utilizing eDNA from forensic geologic materials to supplement forensic geology examinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for inter-laboratory DNA recovery data variability when performing evaluations given activities","authors":"Duncan Taylor ,&nbsp;Luke Volgin ,&nbsp;Peter Gill ,&nbsp;Bas Kokshoorn","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large, recently published, inter-laboratory study by the ReAct group has shown that there is considerable variability in DNA recovery that exists between forensic laboratories. The presence of this inter-laboratory variability presents issues when one laboratory wishes to carry out an evaluation and needs to use the data produced by another laboratory. One option proposed by the ReAct group is for laboratories to carry out a calibration exercise so that appropriate adjustments between laboratories can be made. This will address some issues, but leave others unanswered, such as how to make use of the decades of transfer and persistence data that has already been published. In this work we present a method to utilise data produced in other laboratories (whether it provides DNA amounts or a probability of transfer) that takes into account inter-laboratory variability within an evaluation. This will allow evaluations to continue, without calibration data, and ensures that the strength of findings is appropriately represented. In this paper we discuss complicating factors with the various ways in which previous data has been reported, and their limitations in supporting probability assignments when carrying out an evaluation. We show that a combination of producing calibration information for new data (as suggested by the ReAct group) and development of strategies where calibration data is not available will provide the best way forward in the field of evaluations given activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birgitte Tengs case: Analysis and the wider implications for evaluation of DNA evidence given activities","authors":"Peter Gill ,&nbsp;Mikkel Meyer Andersen ,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Whitaker ,&nbsp;Arnoud J. Kal ,&nbsp;Walther Parson","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Birgitte Tengs case was a high-profile investigation into an historic 1995 murder in Karmøy municipality, South East Norway. Rapidly mutating Y-STR analysis was carried out to identify a possible offender. The work was carried out over several years and involved a collaboration of four international laboratories. Based on the DNA evidence, in February, 2023, the defendant was convicted but later that year, he was exonerated on appeal. New investigations, resulting in new evidence, were carried out before the appeal. The new evidence gave alternative explanations for the presence of Y-STR in a stain that the conviction in the first trial relied heavily on.</div><div>Despite advanced techniques such as massively parallel sequencing and an extensive genealogy study encompassing Norway and beyond, the judgment revealed systemic issues, which included confirmation bias and reverse burden of proof. The case highlighted the critical importance of interpreting results according to the level at which propositions were made (e.g. sub-source or activity), as failure to do so could contribute to potential miscarriages of justice. Here, it is proposed that when there is no meaningful (specific) defence activity proposition identified, proxy experiments designed to maximise the probability of evidence supporting the defence alternative, will play an important role. Bayesian networks are useful methods to provide courts with lists of exhaustive methods of DNA transfer and has information illustrative properties. However, such networks can only help in actual probability computations if they can be populated with informative probabilities, and this can only happen if there is agreement on an experimental design to follow.</div><div>This paper examines the forensic methods, trial findings, and appeal court verdict, identifying areas where collaboration between scientist and court could improve decision-making. It proposes experimental designs and frameworks for enhancing activity-level evaluations, offering insights into minimising miscarriages of justice and better integrating forensic genetics into legal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propositions used to assess the value of forensic DNA mixtures in an FSWG-ISFG interlaboratory comparison","authors":"Lydie Samie,&nbsp;Séverine Delémont,&nbsp;Vincent Castella","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA interpretation relies on the evaluation of results under at least two mutually exclusive propositions. This study evaluates the application of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) recommendations concerning the formulation of such propositions across 15 laboratories in six countries and examines how evaluations are conducted when two persons of interest are considered. They were asked to assess results considering propositions about the source of the DNA during an interlaboratory comparison organized by the French Speaking Working Group of the ISFG. This article focuses on a DNA mixture from a mock case involving a complainant and two persons of interest. Seven of the eight ISFG recommendations were applicable to this interlaboratory comparison, with six being implemented by all laboratories. However, when two persons of interest were submitted for comparison without further case information, only seven laboratories followed Recommendation 3 by assigning a different likelihood ratio (LR) to each potential contributor. One of them used multiple propositions (more than two mutually exclusive propositions) and considered that each person, in turn, could or could not be the source of the DNA with or without the other person. The eight remaining laboratories assigned only one LR considering that both persons were contributors, or neither. As stated in the ISFG recommendations, such a practice should be avoided as it could lead to an overestimation of the LR for one of the contributors. We also demonstrate the effect of considering, or not, the presence of the DNA of persons whose contribution to the DNA mixture was not disputed (i.e., \"conditioning\" the DNA results on the DNA profiles of the undisputed source) on the LR. When conditioning is applied in ground truth experiments, the results provide stronger support for the proposition known to be true compared to the alternative. More precisely, the LR increased by a factor of 100–10’000 when conditioning, depending on the laboratory. The LRs assigned in two real cases are presented to illustrate the need to consider new information, such as the presence of a potential contributor to a DNA mixture, when evaluating results, and multiple propositions when several persons of interest are considered. It can significantly change the LR value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking male DNA transfer and survival under female victim fingernails: Insights from a 24-h scratch simulation","authors":"Géraldine Damour,&nbsp;Patrick Basset,&nbsp;Lydie Samie ,&nbsp;Diana Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In forensic investigations, the collection of biological material under fingernails may provide important evidence in cases of physical or sexual assault. Among these, scenarios suggesting alternative activities for the presence/absence of the DNA rather than questioning the donor of the trace are particularly challenging. To provide data supporting the interpretation of these cases, we investigated the transfer, persistence, and presence of background male DNA under female fingernails in controlled experiments of simulated scratching. Unlike previous studies, subungual samples were collected over short and long periods, up to 24 h after the scratching without preliminary cleaning of the nails.</div><div>Y-STRs data showed that the DNA of the male individual scratched by a woman was detected in fingernail samples collected immediately and up to 6 h post-scratching. A notable decrease in male DNA quantity was observed after the first 3 h of scratching. Interestingly, the same foreign Y-STR profiles, different from the participating individuals, were observed between 6 and 24 h post-simulation. Overall, our data confirm that the detection of the offender’s DNA from subungual samples is very likely immediately after the assault; yet, persistent background or newly transferred DNA may challenge the interpretation of traces collected after 6 h.</div><div>Finally, one scenario was discussed to illustrate the value of these data for evaluating fingernail evidence when considering activity-level propositions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing transcriptomic signatures of aging: Testing an mRNA marker panel for forensic age estimation of blood samples","authors":"Nadescha Viviane Hänggi ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Neubauer ,&nbsp;Yael Marti ,&nbsp;Regine Banemann ,&nbsp;Galina Kulstein ,&nbsp;Cornelius Courts ,&nbsp;Annica Gosch ,&nbsp;Thorsten Hadrys ,&nbsp;Cordula Haas ,&nbsp;Guro Dørum","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the age of an unknown perpetrator can be a valuable tool in narrowing down a group of suspects. Research efforts to estimate the age of a stain donor have mainly focused on epigenetic modifications, but there is evidence that RNA expression patterns, i.e. the composition of the transcriptome, change with increasing age, which could be a promising molecular alternative for age prediction. In a previous study, we identified a total of 508 mRNA markers with age related expression from two blood whole transcriptome sequencing data sets, using differential expression analysis with DESeq2 and marker selection with lasso regression. For this study, the selected markers from both approaches were combined into an RNA-specific targeted MPS assay for the Ion Torrent platform and evaluated with 100 EDTA blood samples from healthy donors (aged between 23 and 73 years). We compared three different normalization methods for the obtained sequencing data and investigated the performance of various regression techniques for age prediction. The model based on elastic net regression and dSVA-normalized data exhibited the most robust performance, achieving an MAE of 9.29 years and a correlation of 0.57 between the chronological and predicted age. Although the use of a targeted approach instead of RNA-Seq offers several advantages in a forensic setting, we observed a considerable amount of unwanted variation in the targeted sequencing data. We conclude that it is challenging to detect distinct signals associated with chronological age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-need species identification using non-PCR DNA-based approaches to combat wildlife crime","authors":"O. Yugovich ,&nbsp;M. Bunce ,&nbsp;SA. Harbison","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildlife crime, defined as any unlawful exploitation and trade of wildlife, is a lucrative illegal global industry, along with narcotics and weapons trafficking. It encompasses the harvest, transport, exchange, and end use of wildlife or wildlife-derived products. Regulated internationally by the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES, 1973), wildlife crime is primarily detected using morphological or DNA sequencing methods. However, there is a growing demand for rapid, portable, and cost-effective screening tools to bypass time-consuming workflows and specialist laboratory equipment. Point-of-need testing, particularly at wildlife hotspots like international borders, offers a promising solution for the swift detection of illegal activities. Isothermal amplification methods such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), rolling circle amplification (RCA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), are favoured for their low resource needs compared to traditional PCR. These methods can be combined with target detection methods such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and aptamers to enhance sensitivity. Integrating these methods with others, such as lateral flow assays (LFA) and microfluidic devices, simplifies sample preparation and visualisation. Already established in disease diagnosis and food safety, these innovations in genetic testing provide rapid, on-site detection. When applied to wildlife crime, they can serve as tools to complement traditional PCR and sequencing methods. This review explores how non-PCR based approaches could offer faster, simpler, and more cost-effective solutions to combat wildlife crime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 103278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}