Frontiers of Hormone Research最新文献_第5页

Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism. Normocalcemic甲状旁腺功能亢进。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491036

Sabrina Corbetta

{"title":"Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Sabrina Corbetta","doi":"10.1159/000491036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000491036","url":null,"abstract":"Parathyroid hormone (PTH) disorders are characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical and biochemical presentations. The increasing use of serum PTH assay in the set of the diagnostic workout in patients with osteoporosis has identified patients with features of surgically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) associated with persistent normal serum calcium levels, which has been recognized as a distinct entity from hypercalcemic PHPT (HPHPT) by the last international consensus. Normocalcemic PHPT (NPHPT) affects about 6-8% of PHPT patients. Although hypercalcemia is absent, patients with NPHPT experience kidney, bone, and cardiovascular impairments similar to those observed in HPHPT, suggesting that NPHPT may significantly affect the health of patients. Diagnosis of NPHPT requires an intensive diagnostic workup aimed to: (1) exclude all causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism, and (2) evaluate the occurrence of PTH-related diseases. The management of NPHPT is controversial in part due to lack of solid data about the natural history as well as the effects of surgical or medical treatments. Nonetheless, a clinical and biochemical follow-up is recommended in order to detect potential progression. When hypercalcemia and/or PTH-related disorders arise, parathyroidectomy can be considered. When surgery is not advisable, medical treatment aimed to increase bone mineral density may be a therapeutic option.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"23-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000491036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36862640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

A New Era for Chronic Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Parathyroid Hormone Peptides. 甲状旁腺功能低下慢性治疗的新时代:甲状旁腺激素肽。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491047

Gemma Marcucci, Maria Luisa Brandi

引用次数: 6

Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Neonatal Severe Hyperparathyroidism. 家族性低钙血症和新生儿严重甲状旁腺功能亢进。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491038

Letizia Vannucci, Maria Luisa Brandi

引用次数: 0

In utero Androgen Excess: A Developmental Commonality Preceding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? 子宫内雄激素过量:多囊卵巢综合征前的发育共性?

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000494899

D. Abbott, M. Kraynak, D. Dumesic, J. Levine

{"title":"In utero Androgen Excess: A Developmental Commonality Preceding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?","authors":"D. Abbott, M. Kraynak, D. Dumesic, J. Levine","doi":"10.1159/000494899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000494899","url":null,"abstract":"In utero androgen excess reliably induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like reproductive and metabolic traits in female monkeys, sheep, rats, and mice. In humans, however, substantial technical and ethical constraints on fetal sampling have curtailed safe, pathogenic exploration during gestation. Evidence consistent with in utero origins for PCOS in humans has thus been slow to amass, but the balance now leans toward developmental fetal origins. Given that PCOS is familial and highly heritable, difficulties encountered in discerning genetic contributions to PCOS pathogenesis are puzzling and, to date, accounts for <10% of PCOS presentations. Unaccounted heritability notwithstanding, molecular commonality in pathogenic mechanisms is emerging, suggested by co-occurrence at the same gene loci of (1) PCOS genetic variants (PCOS women), (2) epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation (PCOS women), and (3) bioinformatics, gene networks-identified, epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation (female rhesus monkeys exposed to testosterone (T) in utero). In addition, naturally occurring hyperandrogenism in female monkeys singles out individuals with PCOS-like reproductive and metabolic traits accompanied by somatic biomarkers of in utero T exposure. Such phenotypic and molecular convergence between highly related species suggests not only dual genetic and epigenetic contributions to a developmental origin of PCOS but also common molecular pathogenesis extending beyond humans.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000494899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65284843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Obesity and Androgens in Women. 女性肥胖与雄激素

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000494908

R. Pasquali, Claudia Oriolo

{"title":"Obesity and Androgens in Women.","authors":"R. Pasquali, Claudia Oriolo","doi":"10.1159/000494908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000494908","url":null,"abstract":"Androgen excess is often associated with obesity states, at any age of life, because of changes in the pattern of secretion or metabolism of androgens and in their actions at the level of target tissues, particularly the adipose tissue. Androgen excess plays an important role in favouring the expansion of visceral fat, which characterize so-called visceral obesity. Moreover, there is evidence that the combination of androgen excess and obesity may favour the development of metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In obese adolescent girls, androgen excess may also suggest the potential development of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A new hypothesis, based on long-term lifestyle intervention programs or bariatric surgery, supports the concept that a \"PCOS secondary to obesity\" may exist, as confirmed by the complete resolution of all features defining PCOS after considerable weight loss. Obesity can also develop after long-term exposure to chronic stress, which is characterized by increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic system combined with higher than normal androgen production rates in women. This increasingly observed condition, often underestimated, should be considered more carefully, not only in mature women but also in girls during adolescence. The presence of a hyperandrogenic state can also be detected in menopausal women, as a consequence of the rearrangement of the sex hormone balance which, in turn, may play some role in determining the development of both visceral adiposity and even obesity and, consequently, metabolic disorders. Undoubtedly, the recognition of the potential negative effects of androgen excess in obese women may open new therapeutic perspectives aimed at achieving a sustained weight loss and its maintenance for as long as possible.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"120-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000494908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65285394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Androgens and Severe Insulin Resistance States: Basic and Clinical Aspects. 雄激素和严重胰岛素抵抗状态:基础和临床方面。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000494911

A. Gambineri, L. Zanotti, D. Ibarra-Gasparini

引用次数: 1

Conventional Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism. 甲状旁腺功能减退症的常规治疗。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491046

Gemma Marcucci, Maria Luisa Brandi

引用次数: 6

Familial and Hereditary Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的家族和遗传形式。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491037

F Cetani, F Saponaro, S Borsari, C Marcocci

{"title":"Familial and Hereditary Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"F Cetani, F Saponaro, S Borsari, C Marcocci","doi":"10.1159/000491037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000491037","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with a familial predisposition to the development of parathyroid tumors constitute a small minority of all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). These familial syndromes exhibit Mendelian inheritance patterns and the main causative genes in most families have been identified. They include multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN; types 1, 2A, and 4), hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome, familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), and neonatal severe PHPT. Each MEN type is associated with the various combinations of specific tumors. MEN1 is characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid, enteropancreatic, and pituitary tumors; MEN2A is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma, and MEN4 is characterized by a pathological spectrum similar to that of MEN1 in association with tumors of the adrenal, kidney, and reproductive organs. HPT-JT is characterized by PHPT, ossifying fibromas of maxillary bones, kidney disease, and uterine neoplasias. The prompt diagnosis of these diseases is of great importance for planning appropriate surveillance of the mutant carriers and correct surgical management. The search for mutation is also useful for the identification of the family members who do not carry the mutation and can avoid unnecessary biochemical and instrumental evaluations. Surgery remains the treatment of choice in all familial forms except FHH.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000491037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36863656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia. Exercise-Associated低钠血症。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.1159/000493247

Tamara Hew-Butler

{"title":"Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia.","authors":"Tamara Hew-Butler","doi":"10.1159/000493247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000493247","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) refers to below-normal serum sodium concentrations [Na+] that develop during exercise. The pathogenesis of EAH is best described as a spectrum ranging between profound polydipsia to modest sweat sodium losses with hypovolemia and relative dilution. Non-osmotic arginine vasopressin (AVP) remains the unifying pathogenic stimulus to abnormal renal water retention in acute symptomatic EAH. Cases of hyponatremia are mostly reported after endurance sports, but are also observed after shorter duration events and in team sport athletes. The signs and symptoms of EAH are vague, and include bloating, vomiting, headache, and altered mental status. A diagnosis of EAH can only be confirmed by a blood test, whereas signs/symptoms guide the most appropriate treatment strategy. Mild-to-moderate EAH (without encephalopathy) can be treated with either fluid restriction or an oral bolus of a hypertonic saline solution. Severe EAH (with encephalopathy) is a life-threatening emergency and should be urgently treated with intravenous 100 mL boluses of 3% saline until the resolution of encephalopathy symptoms. The prevention of EAH is evolutionarily rooted in preventing overdrinking during exercise. Drinking according to the dictates of thirst is the most individualized strategy to prevent life-threatening dysnatremia during exercise, regardless of sport.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"52 ","pages":"178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000493247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37676589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia. 低钠血症的历史方面。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.1159/000493216

Chris J Thompson, Alessandro Peri, Joseph G Verbalis

{"title":"Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia.","authors":"Chris J Thompson, Alessandro Peri, Joseph G Verbalis","doi":"10.1159/000493216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000493216","url":null,"abstract":"In almost 2 decades since the onset of the 21st century, there has been an explosion in interest in hyponatremia, which has resulted in a marked increase in the number of publications on the topic. This is remarkable as there is no evidence that the incidence or prevalence of the condition is increasing. Unlike new diseases, such as antibioticresistant infections or complications of the effects of cancer therapy, hyponatremia has always been there. However, the increased interest in hyponatremia reflects an improved understanding of the effects of hyponatremia on both morbidity and mortality, and equally, a recognition of the large gaps in our knowledge of this area. The expansion in the potential ramifications of hyponatremia, on falls, fractures and osteoporosis, as well as its association with increased mortality has focused on how much more still needs to be done to prove the causal relationships and to ascertain the value of therapeutic intervention. This has resulted in an academic environment characterised by healthy debate – and occasional dispute – among groups involved in hyponatremia research, which is beneficial since it further invigorates interest in hyponatremia. As a result, there has been a steady rise in publications on the topic of hyponatremia since the 1940s ( Fig. 1 ). However, the current clinical and academic interests in hyponatremia are relatively recent. For many years, hyponatremia was a topic that did not generate enthusiasm among journal editors or granting agencies, and indeed, was not attached to a specific sub-discipline of medicine. A small number of endocrinologists and nephrologists nurtured research programs that contributed to gathering knowledge on hyponatremia, but the majority of hospitals had no specialists who developed services for hyponatremic patients, or who set standards for investigations and management of the condition. The evolution of our knowledge on the physiology of the control of Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"52 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000493216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37677563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0