Frontiers of Hormone Research最新文献_第4页

Future of Hyponatremia Research. 低钠血症研究的未来。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.1159/000493249

Joseph G Verbalis, Alessandro Peri, Chris J Thompson

引用次数: 2

Nonparathyroid Hypercalcemia. 非甲状旁腺功能亢进症。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491040

David Goltzman

{"title":"Nonparathyroid Hypercalcemia.","authors":"David Goltzman","doi":"10.1159/000491040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000491040","url":null,"abstract":"Primary hyperparathyroidism is among the most common causes of hypercalcemia. However, ingestion of medication, including hydrochlorathiazide, lithium, and foscarnet, excessive vitamin A ingestion, endocrinopathies such as hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and acromegaly, abnormal nutrient intake such as parenteral nutrition in preterm infants and milk-alkali syndrome, and prolonged immobilization have all been associated with hypercalcemia. The most common cause of nonparathyroid hypercalcemia is neoplasia. Hypercalcemia is generally due to the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) by a wide variety of nonmetastatic solid tumors, including squamous cell tumors but also hematologic tumors. PTHrP, although encoded by a distinct gene, shares amino acid sequence homology with PTH in the amino-terminal domain, which allows it to cross-react at a common G protein receptor, the type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTHR1), resulting in similar skeletal effects and effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Increased PTHrP action with hypercalcemia may be seen in the benign disease Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia due to a gain-of-function mutation in PTHR1. Another humoral factor, 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] may be produced by lymphomas, but also by benign granulomatous disorders and may also cause hypercalcemia when its metabolism is genetically impaired. Vitamin D intoxication may cause hypercalcemia due to overproduction of the metabolite, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, apparently in the absence of conversion to 1,25(OH)2D. Malignancies metastatic to bone or arising in bone (such as multiple myeloma) may produce a variety of growth factors and cytokines, in addition to PTHrP, which can contribute to tumor growth as well as osteolysis and hypercalcemia.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"77-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000491040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36863663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism. Normocalcemic甲状旁腺功能亢进。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491036

Sabrina Corbetta

{"title":"Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Sabrina Corbetta","doi":"10.1159/000491036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000491036","url":null,"abstract":"Parathyroid hormone (PTH) disorders are characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical and biochemical presentations. The increasing use of serum PTH assay in the set of the diagnostic workout in patients with osteoporosis has identified patients with features of surgically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) associated with persistent normal serum calcium levels, which has been recognized as a distinct entity from hypercalcemic PHPT (HPHPT) by the last international consensus. Normocalcemic PHPT (NPHPT) affects about 6-8% of PHPT patients. Although hypercalcemia is absent, patients with NPHPT experience kidney, bone, and cardiovascular impairments similar to those observed in HPHPT, suggesting that NPHPT may significantly affect the health of patients. Diagnosis of NPHPT requires an intensive diagnostic workup aimed to: (1) exclude all causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism, and (2) evaluate the occurrence of PTH-related diseases. The management of NPHPT is controversial in part due to lack of solid data about the natural history as well as the effects of surgical or medical treatments. Nonetheless, a clinical and biochemical follow-up is recommended in order to detect potential progression. When hypercalcemia and/or PTH-related disorders arise, parathyroidectomy can be considered. When surgery is not advisable, medical treatment aimed to increase bone mineral density may be a therapeutic option.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"23-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000491036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36862640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

A New Era for Chronic Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Parathyroid Hormone Peptides. 甲状旁腺功能低下慢性治疗的新时代:甲状旁腺激素肽。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491047

Gemma Marcucci, Maria Luisa Brandi

引用次数: 6

Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Neonatal Severe Hyperparathyroidism. 家族性低钙血症和新生儿严重甲状旁腺功能亢进。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1159/000491038

Letizia Vannucci, Maria Luisa Brandi

引用次数: 0

In utero Androgen Excess: A Developmental Commonality Preceding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? 子宫内雄激素过量:多囊卵巢综合征前的发育共性?

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000494899

D. Abbott, M. Kraynak, D. Dumesic, J. Levine

{"title":"In utero Androgen Excess: A Developmental Commonality Preceding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?","authors":"D. Abbott, M. Kraynak, D. Dumesic, J. Levine","doi":"10.1159/000494899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000494899","url":null,"abstract":"In utero androgen excess reliably induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like reproductive and metabolic traits in female monkeys, sheep, rats, and mice. In humans, however, substantial technical and ethical constraints on fetal sampling have curtailed safe, pathogenic exploration during gestation. Evidence consistent with in utero origins for PCOS in humans has thus been slow to amass, but the balance now leans toward developmental fetal origins. Given that PCOS is familial and highly heritable, difficulties encountered in discerning genetic contributions to PCOS pathogenesis are puzzling and, to date, accounts for <10% of PCOS presentations. Unaccounted heritability notwithstanding, molecular commonality in pathogenic mechanisms is emerging, suggested by co-occurrence at the same gene loci of (1) PCOS genetic variants (PCOS women), (2) epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation (PCOS women), and (3) bioinformatics, gene networks-identified, epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation (female rhesus monkeys exposed to testosterone (T) in utero). In addition, naturally occurring hyperandrogenism in female monkeys singles out individuals with PCOS-like reproductive and metabolic traits accompanied by somatic biomarkers of in utero T exposure. Such phenotypic and molecular convergence between highly related species suggests not only dual genetic and epigenetic contributions to a developmental origin of PCOS but also common molecular pathogenesis extending beyond humans.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000494899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65284843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Obesity and Androgens in Women. 女性肥胖与雄激素

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000494908

R. Pasquali, Claudia Oriolo

{"title":"Obesity and Androgens in Women.","authors":"R. Pasquali, Claudia Oriolo","doi":"10.1159/000494908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000494908","url":null,"abstract":"Androgen excess is often associated with obesity states, at any age of life, because of changes in the pattern of secretion or metabolism of androgens and in their actions at the level of target tissues, particularly the adipose tissue. Androgen excess plays an important role in favouring the expansion of visceral fat, which characterize so-called visceral obesity. Moreover, there is evidence that the combination of androgen excess and obesity may favour the development of metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In obese adolescent girls, androgen excess may also suggest the potential development of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A new hypothesis, based on long-term lifestyle intervention programs or bariatric surgery, supports the concept that a \"PCOS secondary to obesity\" may exist, as confirmed by the complete resolution of all features defining PCOS after considerable weight loss. Obesity can also develop after long-term exposure to chronic stress, which is characterized by increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic system combined with higher than normal androgen production rates in women. This increasingly observed condition, often underestimated, should be considered more carefully, not only in mature women but also in girls during adolescence. The presence of a hyperandrogenic state can also be detected in menopausal women, as a consequence of the rearrangement of the sex hormone balance which, in turn, may play some role in determining the development of both visceral adiposity and even obesity and, consequently, metabolic disorders. Undoubtedly, the recognition of the potential negative effects of androgen excess in obese women may open new therapeutic perspectives aimed at achieving a sustained weight loss and its maintenance for as long as possible.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"120-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000494908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65285394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Androgens and Severe Insulin Resistance States: Basic and Clinical Aspects. 雄激素和严重胰岛素抵抗状态:基础和临床方面。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000494911

A. Gambineri, L. Zanotti, D. Ibarra-Gasparini

引用次数: 1

Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia. 低钠血症的历史方面。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.1159/000493216

Chris J Thompson, Alessandro Peri, Joseph G Verbalis

{"title":"Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia.","authors":"Chris J Thompson, Alessandro Peri, Joseph G Verbalis","doi":"10.1159/000493216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000493216","url":null,"abstract":"In almost 2 decades since the onset of the 21st century, there has been an explosion in interest in hyponatremia, which has resulted in a marked increase in the number of publications on the topic. This is remarkable as there is no evidence that the incidence or prevalence of the condition is increasing. Unlike new diseases, such as antibioticresistant infections or complications of the effects of cancer therapy, hyponatremia has always been there. However, the increased interest in hyponatremia reflects an improved understanding of the effects of hyponatremia on both morbidity and mortality, and equally, a recognition of the large gaps in our knowledge of this area. The expansion in the potential ramifications of hyponatremia, on falls, fractures and osteoporosis, as well as its association with increased mortality has focused on how much more still needs to be done to prove the causal relationships and to ascertain the value of therapeutic intervention. This has resulted in an academic environment characterised by healthy debate – and occasional dispute – among groups involved in hyponatremia research, which is beneficial since it further invigorates interest in hyponatremia. As a result, there has been a steady rise in publications on the topic of hyponatremia since the 1940s ( Fig. 1 ). However, the current clinical and academic interests in hyponatremia are relatively recent. For many years, hyponatremia was a topic that did not generate enthusiasm among journal editors or granting agencies, and indeed, was not attached to a specific sub-discipline of medicine. A small number of endocrinologists and nephrologists nurtured research programs that contributed to gathering knowledge on hyponatremia, but the majority of hospitals had no specialists who developed services for hyponatremic patients, or who set standards for investigations and management of the condition. The evolution of our knowledge on the physiology of the control of Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"52 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000493216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37677563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Water Homeostasis. 水平衡的生理与病理生理。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.1159/000493233

Helbert Rondon-Berrios, Tomas Berl

引用次数: 13