Frontiers of Hormone Research最新文献_第10页

Endocrine Immunology of Chagas Disease. 恰加斯病的内分泌免疫学。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452914

Wilson Savino

{"title":"Endocrine Immunology of Chagas Disease.","authors":"Wilson Savino","doi":"10.1159/000452914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452914","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of immunoendocrine interactions, existing in normal and pathological conditions, is relatively recent. Accordingly, cells from the immune system and from endocrine glands share common receptors for cytokines and hormones, allowing systemic and local regulatory mechanisms. In this context, lymphoid organs are under physiological hormonal control. Disturbances in these systems, as those caused by pathogens changes the physiological profile of these interactions, with the release of proinflammatory cytokines and hormones, and one example is the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Within endocrine tissues, inflammation occurs with local increase of cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and influx of inflammatory cells. One example of lymphoid organ that can be influenced by pathogens and hormonal response is the thymus, with changes in the normal T-cell differentiation process. Several viruses, bacteria, and protozoa induce severe thymic atrophy with massive death of developing thymocytes. In several conditions, this is at least partially due to the activation of the HPA axis and ultimate rise in systemic glucocorticoid release. In the case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (a protozoan that is the causative agent of Chagas disease), another stress-related hormone, prolactin can partially revert this pathogen-induced thymic atrophy and the abnormal release of immature thymocytes from the organ. Overall, our data clearly reveal that pathogens and more particularly T. cruzi, can promote an immunoendocrine imbalance, with emphasis on stress-related hormones, which can influence lymphocyte dynamics, with consequences in the system and local immune response.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"160-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34771025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

A Novel Clinical Entity of Autoimmune Endocrinopathy: Anti-PIT-1 Antibody Syndrome. 自身免疫性内分泌病的一种新的临床实体:抗pit -1抗体综合征

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452907

Genzo Iguchi, Hironori Bando, Yutaka Takahashi

引用次数: 2

Endocrine Autoimmunity in Down's Syndrome. 唐氏综合症的内分泌自身免疫

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452912

Federica Guaraldi, Ruth Rossetto Giaccherino, Fabio Lanfranco, Giovanna Motta, Davide Gori, Emanuela Arvat, Enzio Ghigo, Roberta Giordano

{"title":"Endocrine Autoimmunity in Down's Syndrome.","authors":"Federica Guaraldi, Ruth Rossetto Giaccherino, Fabio Lanfranco, Giovanna Motta, Davide Gori, Emanuela Arvat, Enzio Ghigo, Roberta Giordano","doi":"10.1159/000452912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452912","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid 1900s, a significant increase of infectious, hematological, and autoimmune diseases has been reported in patients with Down's syndrome (DS), independent of sex, age, family history, and exposure to other risk factors, suggesting an intrinsic alteration of the immune system. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated alterations of both cellular and humoral immunological response mainly, although not exclusively, secondary to alterations of the expression of autoimmune regulator gene (located on chromosome 21), leading to thymic structural and functional impairments. Autoimmune thyroid disorders (i.e. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease) and type 1 diabetes mellitus are the most common autoimmune endocrine disorders associated with DS, and present with some peculiar features. The underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms and clinical significance of some mild laboratory alterations are still poorly understood. For these aspects, together with the associated multiple comorbidities and intellectual impairment - that make DS patients dependent on care givers - and in the absence of definite guidelines, disease management is very challenging and should be patient-tailored.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"133-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34771023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Role of Cortistatin in the Stressed Immune System. 皮质抑素在应激免疫系统中的作用。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452910

Mario Delgado, Elena Gonzalez-Rey

引用次数: 8

Steroids and Autoimmunity. 类固醇和自身免疫

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452911

Amelia Chiara Trombetta, Marianna Meroni, Maurizio Cutolo

{"title":"Steroids and Autoimmunity.","authors":"Amelia Chiara Trombetta, Marianna Meroni, Maurizio Cutolo","doi":"10.1159/000452911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452911","url":null,"abstract":"From the middle of the 19th century, it is known that endocrine and immune systems interact bi-directionally in different processes that ensure organism homeostasis. Endocrine and nervous systems have a pivotal role in the balancing of pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of immune system, and constitute a complex circadian neuroendocrine network. Autoimmune diseases have in fact a complex pathogenic origin in which the importance of endocrine system was demonstrated. In this chapter, we will mention the structure and function of steroidal hormones involved in the neuroendocrine immune network and we will address the ways in which endocrine and immune systems influence each other, in a bi-directional fashion. Adrenal hormones, sex hormones, vitamin D, and melatonin and prolactin importantly all contribute to the homeostasis of the immune system. Indeed, some of the steroidal hormone activities determine inhibition or stimulation of immune system components, in both physiological (i.e. suppression of an unwanted response in pregnancy, or stimulation of a protective response in infections) and pathological conditions. We will finally mention the rationale for optimization of exogenous administration of glucocorticoids in chronic autoimmune diseases, and the latest developments concerning these drugs.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"121-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34771168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Inflammation and Thymus Ageing. 炎症和胸腺老化。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452903

A Lepletier, A Alsharif, Ann P Chidgey

{"title":"Inflammation and Thymus Ageing.","authors":"A Lepletier, A Alsharif, Ann P Chidgey","doi":"10.1159/000452903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452903","url":null,"abstract":"The thymus is primarily responsible for T cell production. However, it begins to recede in size and function, from early in life. This decreased generation of naive T cells during normal thymus ageing, or linked with pathology (i.e. chronic inflammation), leads to reduced T cell specificities, peripheral T cell imbalances, and higher susceptibilities to infections. Various clinical strategies for thymus and T cell recovery have been investigated, although no effective clinical treatments for the reconstitution of peripheral T cell diversity in severe immune deficiencies are available. The recent identification of thymic epithelial progenitor cells (TEPC) in the adult thymus will enable investigations into a new generation of therapies focused on regenerating the thymic microenvironment for diverse specificity T cell reconstitution in the elderly. The specific mechanisms underlying TEPC activation are still being investigated. Recent data point to an important role of the intrathymic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) circuitry. Although dual actions of this cytokine have been reported in the immune system, TGF-β signaling is transiently activated in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during hematopoietic regeneration. This review investigates the current strategies for thymus reactivation to replenish the peripheral T cell repertoire and potentially reverse the age-related inflammatory milieu.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"19-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34771160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Prolactin: An Immunomodulator in Health and Disease. 催乳素:健康和疾病中的免疫调节剂。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452906

Wilson Savino

引用次数: 28

Immune-Neuro-Endocrine Reflexes, Circuits, and Networks: Physiologic and Evolutionary Implications. 免疫-神经-内分泌反射、回路和网络:生理和进化意义。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452902

Adriana Del Rey, Hugo O Besedovsky

引用次数: 40

The Somatotrope Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis in Immunoregulation and Immunosenescence. 生长激素-释放激素/生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-1轴在免疫调节和免疫衰老中的作用。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452913

Gwennaëlle Bodart, Khalil Farhat, Chantal Charlet-Renard, Roberto Salvatori, Vincent Geenen, Henri Martens

{"title":"The Somatotrope Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis in Immunoregulation and Immunosenescence.","authors":"Gwennaëlle Bodart, Khalil Farhat, Chantal Charlet-Renard, Roberto Salvatori, Vincent Geenen, Henri Martens","doi":"10.1159/000452913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452913","url":null,"abstract":"Most scientific reports debate the thymotropic and immuno-stimulating properties of the somatotrope growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis, but there is still some disagreement about the physiological role of this axis in basal conditions. Moreover, some authors have hypothesized that the physiological role of the somatotrope axis only appears in stressful conditions (such as sepsis or infective and inflammatory diseases). This chapter will provide an extended overview of the expression of the components (signals and receptors) of the somatotrope axis and their properties on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. It will also summarize some clinical studies suggesting a benefit for a short-term GH treatment in acute immunodeficiencies, and the importance of GH supplementation in adult GH deficiency. A new transgenic mouse model, the hypothalamic GHRH-deficient (Ghrh-/-) mouse, which exhibits a severe deficiency of the somatotrope axis, will be presented since it will be of great help in further deciphering the regulation by the GHRH/GH/IGF-1 axis on both immune development and function. Finally, we will discuss the implication of aging-related somatopause in relation to the general context of Immunosenescence.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34771024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Intrahypophyseal Immune-Endocrine Interactions: Endocrine Integration of the Inflammatory Inputs. 垂体内免疫-内分泌的相互作用:炎症输入的内分泌整合。

2区医学

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1159/000452904

U Renner, M Sapochnik, K Lucia, G K Stalla, E Arzt

{"title":"Intrahypophyseal Immune-Endocrine Interactions: Endocrine Integration of the Inflammatory Inputs.","authors":"U Renner, M Sapochnik, K Lucia, G K Stalla, E Arzt","doi":"10.1159/000452904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452904","url":null,"abstract":"Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of gram-negative bacteria has been recognized for more than 40 years as a modulator of anterior pituitary hormone production. The action of LPS was thought to be predominantly mediated through LPS-stimulated immune cell-derived cytokines, and is part of the concept of immune-endocrine crosstalk, which regulates bidirectional adaptive processes between the endocrine and immune systems during inflammatory or infectious processes. With the detection of innate immune system components in the normal and tumoral pituitary, including the Toll-like receptor 4, the target of LPS, it has become evident that LPS can directly modify the physiology and pathophysiology of the anterior pituitary. LPS-induced intrapituitary mechanisms involve the stimulation of intrapituitary cytokines, and also directly act on hormone synthesis, growth, and apoptosis of endocrine cells. This review focuses on the effects of LPS on pituitary physiology, its interaction with pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, and the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes.","PeriodicalId":50428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Hormone Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34771161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5