Intrahypophyseal Immune-Endocrine Interactions: Endocrine Integration of the Inflammatory Inputs.

2区医学 Q2 Medicine

Frontiers of Hormone Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-28 DOI:10.1159/000452904

U Renner, M Sapochnik, K Lucia, G K Stalla, E Arzt

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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of gram-negative bacteria has been recognized for more than 40 years as a modulator of anterior pituitary hormone production. The action of LPS was thought to be predominantly mediated through LPS-stimulated immune cell-derived cytokines, and is part of the concept of immune-endocrine crosstalk, which regulates bidirectional adaptive processes between the endocrine and immune systems during inflammatory or infectious processes. With the detection of innate immune system components in the normal and tumoral pituitary, including the Toll-like receptor 4, the target of LPS, it has become evident that LPS can directly modify the physiology and pathophysiology of the anterior pituitary. LPS-induced intrapituitary mechanisms involve the stimulation of intrapituitary cytokines, and also directly act on hormone synthesis, growth, and apoptosis of endocrine cells. This review focuses on the effects of LPS on pituitary physiology, its interaction with pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, and the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes.

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垂体内免疫-内分泌的相互作用:炎症输入的内分泌整合。

革兰氏阴性菌的内毒素(脂多糖，LPS)被认为是垂体前叶激素产生的调节剂已有40多年的历史。脂多糖的作用被认为主要是通过脂多糖刺激的免疫细胞源性细胞因子介导的，并且是免疫-内分泌串扰概念的一部分，在炎症或感染过程中调节内分泌和免疫系统之间的双向适应过程。随着在正常垂体和肿瘤垂体中检测到包括LPS靶点toll样受体4在内的先天免疫系统成分，LPS可以直接改变垂体前叶的生理和病理生理。lps诱导的垂体内机制包括对垂体内细胞因子的刺激，也直接作用于内分泌细胞的激素合成、生长和凋亡。本文就脂多糖对垂体生理的影响、与促炎因子和抗炎因子的相互作用以及参与这些过程的分子机制进行综述。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers of Hormone Research 医学-内分泌学与代谢

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期刊介绍： A series of integrated overviews on cutting-edge topics New sophisticated technologies and methodological approaches in diagnostics and therapeutics have led to significant improvements in identifying and characterizing an increasing number of medical conditions, which is particularly true for all aspects of endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions. Novel insights in endocrine physiology and pathophysiology allow for new perspectives in clinical management and thus lead to the development of molecular, personalized treatments. In view of this, the active interplay between basic scientists and clinicians has become fundamental, both to provide patients with the most appropriate care and to advance future research.