History of Science最新文献_第4页

(Un)making labor invisible: A syllabus. 使劳动隐形:教学大纲。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231180954

Patrick Anthony, Juliana Broad, Xan Chacko, Zachary Dorner, Judith Kaplan, Duygu Yıldırım

{"title":"(Un)making labor invisible: A syllabus.","authors":"Patrick Anthony, Juliana Broad, Xan Chacko, Zachary Dorner, Judith Kaplan, Duygu Yıldırım","doi":"10.1177/00732753231180954","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00732753231180954","url":null,"abstract":"From industrial psychology and occupational therapy to the laboratory bench and scenes of \"heroic\" fieldwork, there are important connections between the science of labor and the labor of science. Participants in the 2022 Gordon Cain Conference explored how greater attention to these connections might deepen historical understanding of what constitutes \"science\" and what counts as \"labor.\" Our conversations circled around themes of vulnerability (of systems, individual bodies, historical testimony), affect (pertaining to historical actors and ourselves), and interdependence (e.g. across human groups, species, political boundaries, and time). For the members of this group, which grew out of a panel discussion, these themes and motivations coalesced around a topical focus on invisibility, which helped us to articulate - in the form of a co-created syllabus - research questions about science and labor from multiple angles pertaining to practice, archival preservation, and scholarly representation. This syllabus is organized into six thematic modules that aim to challenge and historicize the concept of invisible labor by facilitating comparisons across geographic, temporal, conceptual, and disciplinary boundaries. The goals of this collaborative syllabus, in sum, are manifold: we seek to facilitate more inclusive histories of science through critical engagement with \"invisibility\" and thereby promote a more expansive understanding of what constitutes scientific labor; to highlight the constitutive role of gendered labor practices in the scientific enterprise; to draw attention to interdependencies that make all forms of production (knowledge or material) possible; to elucidate systems of remuneration for scientific labor over the longue durée and through pointed comparisons; and, finally, to promote self-reflexivity about the methods we use to narrate the history of science and make sense of our own labors.","PeriodicalId":50404,"journal":{"name":"History of Science","volume":"61 4","pages":"608-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ottoman plants, nature studies, and the attentiveness of translational labor. 奥斯曼帝国的植物，自然研究，以及翻译劳动的注意力。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231191340

Duygu Yıldırım

{"title":"Ottoman plants, nature studies, and the attentiveness of translational labor.","authors":"Duygu Yıldırım","doi":"10.1177/00732753231191340","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00732753231191340","url":null,"abstract":"Translations, whether in the form of text, illustration, or interpretive analysis, served knowledge-making in multiple ways. It offered a refuge, severed contexts, and concealed the various workers that created it. Over the course of the seventeenth century, European naturalists in Istanbul, such as Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1658-1730), procured illustrations of Ottoman nature as fundamental resources to identify, collect, and compare indigenous plants and newly bred varieties. Despite maintaining an actual mediation for cross-cultural interactions, these sources of virtual communication remain largely forgotten in modern scholarship. This article argues that this curious yet invisible corpus was not a nonagentive medium in an alienated leisure of a gentleman-scholar; instead, these illustrations were designed to call upon the viewer's constant attention in self-motivated scientific labor. Such handy tools responded and contributed to early modern scholars' modes of working, and in exchange they determined these sources' own function, position, and visibility - either as a by-product or as a derivative. It is therefore only when integrated into the labor history of science that the degrees of invisibility pertaining to both Ottoman nature studies and self-directed labor can come into a granular view.","PeriodicalId":50404,"journal":{"name":"History of Science","volume":"61 4","pages":"497-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Science and/as work: An introduction to this special issue. 科学与/作为工作:本期特刊简介。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231206580

Lissa Roberts, Seth Rockman, Alexandra Hui

引用次数: 0

Preparatory labor for chemical fertilizer: Rural modernity and the practices of South Korean farmers in the 1960s. 化肥预备劳动:20世纪60年代韩国农村现代化与农民实践。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231188253

Juyoung Lee

引用次数: 1

Kepler's labors: Figurations of scholarly work c. 1600. 开普勒的劳动:约1600年学术工作的图示。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231180287

Gadi Algazi

引用次数: 2

Chemical 'canaries': Munitions workers in the First World War. 化学“金丝雀”:第一次世界大战中的军需品工人。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231173063

Patricia Fara

引用次数: 0

Global circulation of low-end expertise: Knowledge, hierarchy, and labor migration in a Burmese oilfield. 低端专业技术的全球流通:缅甸某油田的知识、层级和劳动力迁移。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231189442

Chao Ren

{"title":"Global circulation of low-end expertise: Knowledge, hierarchy, and labor migration in a Burmese oilfield.","authors":"Chao Ren","doi":"10.1177/00732753231189442","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00732753231189442","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the phenomenon of the \"global circulation of low-end expertise\" through an exploration of the social dynamics surrounding American oil drillers who migrated from the Pennsylvania oil region to British colonial Burma during the early 1900s to the mid-1930s. These working-class drillers, with practical knowledge in oil drilling acquired through familial and community networks, played a crucial role in operating mechanized oil wells and providing geological expertise in colonial Burma. Positioned between labor-intensive agricultural economies in colonial Asia and the higher echelons of British colonial society, these drillers occupied an intermediate social location. Despite their indispensable expertise, they were marginalized due to their lower social standing, leading to their expertise being disregarded by their superiors and forgotten over time. By understanding the complexities of the \"global circulation of low-end expertise,\" this study sheds light on the social construction and erasure of the expertise held by these working-class drillers, revealing overlooked aspects of global histories of science and labor and highlighting the need to reassess dominant historical narratives on knowledge-labor.","PeriodicalId":50404,"journal":{"name":"History of Science","volume":"61 4","pages":"561-587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Historiographies of science and labor: From past perspectives to future possibilities. 科学与劳动史学:从过去的观点到未来的可能性。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231209023

Lissa Roberts, Seth Rockman, Alexandra Hui

引用次数: 1

Unnamed, not unskilled: Toward a new labor history of pharmacy. 无名，并非不熟练:走向新的药学劳动史。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231187477

Zachary Dorner

{"title":"Unnamed, not unskilled: Toward a new labor history of pharmacy.","authors":"Zachary Dorner","doi":"10.1177/00732753231187477","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00732753231187477","url":null,"abstract":"By recovering the dependent, often enslaved, laborers who helped to make European medicines commercially available in the New England colonies, this article offers a new history of early American pharmaceutical knowledge and production. It does so by considering the life and labor of an unnamed, enslaved assistant who was said to make tinctures, elixirs, and other common remedies in a 1758 letter between two business partners, Silvester Gardiner, a successful surgeon and apothecary in Boston, Massachusetts, and William Jepson, his former apprentice, in Hartford, Connecticut. Using strategies from slavery and critical archive studies, as well as from social history and the history of medicine, this article emphasizes the materiality and embodiment of pharmaceutical production and follows fragmentary evidence beyond the business archive to reverse the systemic erasure of enslaved and indentured laborers from the records of eighteenth-century manufacturers of medicines. The medicine trades of men like Gardiner and Jepson appear more reliant upon dependent laborers - named and unnamed - who not only performed rote tasks but brought their experience and judgment to their labors as well. Their contributions could be obviously medical (preparing remedies) or more ambiguous (stoking fires, shipping goods), but these actions together constituted early modern pharmacy, enabled the expansion of the transatlantic medicine trade, and laid the foundations for the more self-sufficient and industrialized pharmacy that developed in the nineteenth century. Centering the skill and knowledge among subordinated laborers in one facet of an emergent transatlantic care economy affirms the entanglement of slavery and science and underscores the necessity of asking new questions of old sources.","PeriodicalId":50404,"journal":{"name":"History of Science","volume":"61 4","pages":"522-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Maszyny Matematyczne, women, and computing: The birth of computers in the Polish communist era. Maszyny Matematyczne，女性与计算机:波兰共产主义时代计算机的诞生。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00732753221121502

Carla Petrocelli

{"title":"Maszyny Matematyczne, women, and computing: The birth of computers in the Polish communist era.","authors":"Carla Petrocelli","doi":"10.1177/00732753221121502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00732753221121502","url":null,"abstract":"The history of computing usually focuses on achievements in Western universities and research centers and is mostly about what happened in the United States and Great Britain. However, in Eastern Europe, particularly in war-torn Poland, where there was very little state funding, many highly original hardware and software projects were initiated. The small number of publications available to us, especially those in English, led to the belief that technological progress was the result of research carried out in Western countries alone. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by focusing on the numerous research projects initiated in Polish universities and computer industries that unfortunately turned into dead ends as the result of socialist policies. These are references that cannot be ignored, not only for a historical reconstruction of the evolution of technology but also with regard to the social effects recorded in Poland immediately after the Second World War. The communist ideology, which pursued gender equality policies after the end of the war, encouraged women to pursue education, enabling the many female students enrolled in mathematics degree courses to specialize in “Maszyny Matematyczne” (mathematical machines) and become, like men, experts in computer programming and design. As well as highlighting the role that Poland played in the nascent “computer science” and providing detailed information on what women contributed, this article will explain why the success of the Polish computer industry was limited due to the nonexistent coordination between the communist states (Comecon).","PeriodicalId":50404,"journal":{"name":"History of Science","volume":"61 3","pages":"409-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0