History of the Human Sciences最新文献_第6页

Stressing the ‘body electric’: History and psychology of the techno-ecologies of work stress 强调“身体电”：工作压力技术生态的历史与心理学

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221081754

J. Pykett, Mark Paterson

引用次数: 1

The sciences of love: Intimate ‘democracy’ and the eugenic development of the Marathi couple in colonial India 爱的科学：亲密的“民主”与殖民地印度马拉地夫妇的优生学发展

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221134469

R. Sequeira

{"title":"The sciences of love: Intimate ‘democracy’ and the eugenic development of the Marathi couple in colonial India","authors":"R. Sequeira","doi":"10.1177/09526951221134469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221134469","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the eugenic theories of Marathi sexological writer and novelist Narayan Sitaram Phadke, and his attempts to domesticate the modern ideal of the adult romantic couple as a yardstick of ‘emotional democracy’ in late colonial India. Locating Phadke's work against the backdrop of the Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929) and its eugenicist concerns, I argue that he conceptualized romantic love as an emotion and a form of sociability central to the state's biopolitical schemes of ensuring modern coupledom but as exceeding the state's capacity to rationally order Indian sex life. Consequently, he crafted literary supplements like the bildungsroman to circulate ‘English’ idioms of emotional and corporeal intimacy in Marathi; his novels domesticated eugenic sexology for its ‘vernacular’ audiences by advocating caste-bound romantic love as the blueprint for Indian marital coupling. As exemplified by Phadke's work, an emerging Marathi discourse of love demarcated a space for the young couple to operate as a vehicle of interpersonal openness within the constraints of the upper-caste joint family. By outlining the parameters of this Brahmanical aesthetic discourse, I show that the couple became the locus of a self-styled ‘democratic’ form of emotional attachment aimed at developing a necessary dynamism within endogamous caste-based marital arrangements without radically transforming them. The science performed through the Marathi novel in the 1920s and 1930s consequently explains the increasing prominence of romantic love as a form of developmental ‘democratic’ discourse at a time when both romantic love and democracy-in-practice were widely experienced as absent from Indian society.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45986268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Intelligible to the mind and pleasing to the eye’: Mapping out kinship in British family directories (1660–1830) “心灵易懂，赏心悦目”:绘制英国家谱中的亲属关系(1660-1830)

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221119056

Stéphane Jettot

{"title":"‘Intelligible to the mind and pleasing to the eye’: Mapping out kinship in British family directories (1660–1830)","authors":"Stéphane Jettot","doi":"10.1177/09526951221119056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221119056","url":null,"abstract":"Peerages and baronetages were successful commercial directories sold by a number of prominent London booksellers from the beginning of the 18th century. They provided an account of most titled families (peers as well as baronets). As serial publications, they were intended for a larger public in need of identification tools in a context of expanding urban sociability and of major recomposition within the elites. In these pocket books, there were no longer the elaborate tree diagrams that had ornamented most of the visitation books of the College of Arms, and which still could be found among ancient family papers. This transition was required for technical, commercial, and also ideological reasons. The selling point for publishers was to provide an up-to-date account of the ‘modern’ families, which could be better achieved through alphabetical listings, biographical discourses, or tabular charts. However, this formal reconfiguration led to many criticisms. These family directories were accused of compromising the dignity of titled families. The idea of a lost Golden Age when ancient lineages had been exhibited on stone, wooden panels, or vellum regained some appeal among social commentators. After 1760, with the renewal of radicalism and the onset of the age of revolutions, tree thinking came to be rehabilitated, but was also reinvented to better defend and naturalise social hierarchies. In this context, trees were increasingly used as powerful national emblems and less as dynastic emblems. The changing fortunes of family trees in 18th-century British prints enable us to reflect on the ideological aspects of the visualisation of kinship.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45583325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond following rules: Teaching research ethics in the age of the Hoffman Report 超越规则:霍夫曼报告时代的教学研究伦理

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221124781

Elissa N. Rodkey, Michael Buttrey, Krista L. Rodkey

{"title":"Beyond following rules: Teaching research ethics in the age of the Hoffman Report","authors":"Elissa N. Rodkey, Michael Buttrey, Krista L. Rodkey","doi":"10.1177/09526951221124781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221124781","url":null,"abstract":"The Hoffman Report scandal demonstrates that ethics is not objective and ahistorical, contradicting the comforting progressive story about ethics many students receive. This modern-day ethical failure illustrates some of the weaknesses of the current ethics code: it is rule-based, emphasizes punishments for noncompliance, and assumes a rational actor who can make tricky ethical decisions using a cost–benefit analysis. This rational emphasis translates into pedagogy: the cure for unethical behavior is more education. Yet such an approach seems unlikely to foster ethical behavior in the real world, either for students or for mature scientists. This article argues for an alternative ethical system and a different way of teaching ethical behavior. Virtue ethics emphasizes the development of ethical habits and traits through regular practice and reflection. We show how virtue ethics complements a feminist approach to science, in which scientists are encouraged to reflect on their own biases, rather than attempting to achieve an impossible objectivity. Our article concludes with pedagogical suggestions for teaching ethical behavior as a practical and intelligent skill.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"80 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45681504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hoffman Report in historical context: A study in denial 历史语境下的霍夫曼报告：否认研究

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221122694

Dan Aalbers

{"title":"The Hoffman Report in historical context: A study in denial","authors":"Dan Aalbers","doi":"10.1177/09526951221122694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221122694","url":null,"abstract":"Using the concept of social denial, this article puts the American Psychological Association's (APA’s) pattern of willful blindness, identified by independent reviewer David Hoffman, in historical context by examining the contributions of Cold War social scientists to the CIA's KUBARK torture manual, and discusses the implications of this history for the reform of the APA's ethics policies. David Hoffman found that the leadership of the APA colluded with Department of Defense (DoD) to ensure that the APA's ethical policies were no stronger than those issued by the DoD. While the independent reviewer did not find evidence of collaboration between the CIA and the APA, this was not due to a lack of effort on the part of the APA, which was anxious to establish good relations and so promote the use of psychology in the national security arena. While Hoffman did not find that the APA knew that its collaborations would facilitate the development of abusive interrogation techniques, it showed a marked, motivated lack of interest in whether or not the DoD or CIA was abusing prisoners. The APA maintained its strategic ignorance even while engaging in a public relations campaign designed to give the impression that it was deeply concerned about multiple reports of psychologist involvement in a system of torture. This willful ignorance was not unprecedented and follows a predictable pattern of knowing and not-knowing to which all psychologists should attend.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"27 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48428661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction: The Hoffman Report in historical context 引言:历史背景下的霍夫曼报告

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221124788

N. Weidman

引用次数: 0

Beyond torture: Knowledge and power at the nexus of social science and national security 超越酷刑:社会科学和国家安全关系中的知识和权力

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221121733

Joy Rohde

引用次数: 0

A military/intelligence operational perspective on the American Psychological Association’s weaponization of psychology post-9/11 从军事/情报运作角度看美国心理协会在9/11后将心理学武器化

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221121711

Jean Maria Arrigo, Lawrence P. Rockwood, Jack O’Brien, Dutch Franz, David DeBatto, John Kiriakou

{"title":"A military/intelligence operational perspective on the American Psychological Association’s weaponization of psychology post-9/11","authors":"Jean Maria Arrigo, Lawrence P. Rockwood, Jack O’Brien, Dutch Franz, David DeBatto, John Kiriakou","doi":"10.1177/09526951221121711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221121711","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the role of the American Psychological Association (APA) in the weaponization of American psychology post-9/11. In 2004, psychologists’ involvement in the detention and interrogation of terrorist suspects generated controversy over psychological ethics in national security (PENS). Two signal events inflamed the controversy. The 2005 APA PENS Report legitimized clinical psychology consultation in support of military/intelligence operations with detained terrorist suspects. An independent review, the 2015 Hoffman Report, found APA collusion with the US Department of Defense in producing the APA PENS Report and subsequent policies. Ongoing activities within APA to weaponize psychology sharpened the controversy. The authors—two psychologists and four former military/intelligence professionals—bring a military/intelligence operational perspective to detail two neglected areas of collateral damage. The first is the toll on psychology as a scientific enterprise. The second is covert influence on professional associations for incompatible security-sector objectives. We establish epistemic, historical, institutional, legal, and operational foundations for evaluation of these damages, as well as implications for APA and related professional associations in the ongoing Global War on Terror.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"51 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49384337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinship acknowledged and denied: Collecting and publishing kinship materials in 19th-century settler-colonial states 承认与否认亲属关系:19世纪移民-殖民国家亲属资料的收集与出版

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221125352

H. Gardner

{"title":"Kinship acknowledged and denied: Collecting and publishing kinship materials in 19th-century settler-colonial states","authors":"H. Gardner","doi":"10.1177/09526951221125352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221125352","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the 19th century, anthropology rode the coat-tails of modernity, adopting new printing technologies, following new travel networks, and gaining increasing access to Indigenous people as colonialism spread and new policies were developed to contain and control people in settler-colonial states. The early innovator in kinship studies Lewis Henry Morgan and his two greatest proteges, Lorimer Fison and A. W. Howitt, working respectively in the United States, Fiji, and Australia, epitomised this conflation of governance, technologies of representation, and anthropology. They corresponded on the alterity of kinship systems across increasingly regularised postal routes, and developed new forms of collecting and new diagrammatic representations of kinship using developments at the press. Nineteenth-century kinship studies were focused exclusively on relationships formed through biology and descent, and there was little recognition of kinship making beyond these forms. This was especially significant for Howitt, whose closest Aboriginal interlocutor, Tulaba, claimed him as a brogan (brother), according to Gunaikurnai kinship paradigms. This article tracks the links between the collection and publication of kinship material in the questionnaires and the books of the latter part of the 19th century across the English-speaking world and the outcomes for Indigenous peoples, as arguments for distinctive kinship systems helped define their ‘primitiveness’ and dismissed Aboriginal attempts to forge kinship links across the settler/Indigenous divide.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49033163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A genealogy of the scalable subject: Measuring health in the Cornell Study of Occupational Retirement (1950–60) 可扩展主题的谱系：康奈尔大学职业退休研究中的健康测量（1950-60）

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221113438

Tiago Moreira

引用次数: 0