History of the Human Sciences最新文献_第5页

Contrary to reason: Documentary film-making and alternative psychotherapies 与理性相反:纪录片制作和另类心理疗法

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231155058

Des O’Rawe

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Yeast, coal, and straw: J. B. S. Haldane's vision for the future of science and synthetic food 酵母、煤和稻草:J. B. S.霍尔丹对未来科学和合成食品的展望

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231156729

M. Holmes

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Arguments with fictional philosophers: Spengler's Kant and the conceptual foundations of Spengler's early philosophy of history 与虚构哲学家的争论：斯宾格勒的康德与斯宾格勒早期历史哲学的概念基础

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231156040

G. Swer

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Psychoanalytic practice in the light of psychiatric patient records: The elusive history of Freudian-inspired psychotherapy (Strasbourg, 1940s–1970s) 精神病人记录下的精神分析实践:弗洛伊德启发的心理治疗的难以捉摸的历史(斯特拉斯堡，1940 - 1970)

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221148638

F. Serina

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Metapsychy's border: Henri Piéron's (1881–1964) role as the gatekeeper of French psychology 元心理学的边界：亨利·皮（1881-1964）作为法国心理学的守门人

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221140001

R. Evrard, Stéphane Gumpper, Bevis Beauvais

{"title":"Metapsychy's border: Henri Piéron's (1881–1964) role as the gatekeeper of French psychology","authors":"R. Evrard, Stéphane Gumpper, Bevis Beauvais","doi":"10.1177/09526951221140001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221140001","url":null,"abstract":"Metapsychy, or metapsychics, is the French science known in English-speaking countries as parapsychology or psychical research. As Régine Plas has shown, the ‘psychic’ phenomena were among the first subjects of psychological inquiry. Like many of his colleagues, Henri Piéron began his career researching apparent telepathic phenomena, and in collaboration with Nicolae Vaschide explained them in terms of an ‘intellectual parallelism’. From 1913 onward, Piéron developed the ‘Métapsychie’ section of L’année psychologique, where he used his critical skills to sometimes foster and sometimes discourage this field of research. In the background to these events was the issue of metapsychy's place within the field of psychology, a field on which Piéron had himself helped to confer institutional and professional status. The growing disparity between metapsychy and psychology suggested a distinct demarcation between the two disciplines, with Piéron zealously fulfilling a missionary role as one of several gatekeepers. While open to what were presented as new examples of physiologically objectified psychic activity, he never really seems to have observed anything he considered convincing and so generally suspected fraud. His interventions played a role in the emancipation/expulsion of metapsychy from the nascent field of psychology, with the advantage of increasing recognition of the epistemic authority of the latter.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46292901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Verdicts on Hans Eysenck and the fluxing context of British psychology 汉斯·艾森克的论断与英国心理学的流变语境

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221143888

D. Pilgrim

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A diagrammatics of race: Samuel George Morton's ‘American Golgotha’ and the contest for the definition of the young field of anthropology 种族图解:塞缪尔·乔治·莫顿的《美国各各他》和对人类学这一新兴领域的定义之争

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221136771

Marianne Sommer

{"title":"A diagrammatics of race: Samuel George Morton's ‘American Golgotha’ and the contest for the definition of the young field of anthropology","authors":"Marianne Sommer","doi":"10.1177/09526951221136771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221136771","url":null,"abstract":"Between the last decades of the 18th century and the middle of the 19th century, something of paramount importance happened in the history of anthropology. This was the advent of a physical anthropology that was about the classification of ‘human races’ through comparative measurement. A central tool of the new trade was diagrams. Being inherently about relations in and between objects, diagrams became the means of defining human groups and their relations to each other – the last point being disputed between the monogenists and the polygenists. James Cowles Prichard, a proponent of the comparative historical approach, was able to do without images in his pioneering Researches Into the Physical History of Man of 1813, but the third edition, which appeared in five volumes between 1836 and 1847, was richly illustrated with ‘ethnic types’ and skulls, including diagrams. What was happening is a process I engage with in detail for Samuel George Morton, who collected and distributed human skulls as lithographs in Crania americana (1839) and Crania aegyptiaca (1844). Along with the paper skulls travelled detailed instructions of how to look at them through a set of lines and to set their individual parts in relation to each other as well as to those of other types. Drawing on Johann Friedrich Blumenbach and Peter Camper, the Crania thus played a pivotal role in establishing what I call a diagrammatics of race – a diagrammatics that became overtly political with Types of Mankind (1854), which was written in Morton's honour by Josiah Nott and George Gliddon.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46040771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cybernetics in the Republic 共和国的控制论

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221134478

Michele Kennerly

{"title":"Cybernetics in the Republic","authors":"Michele Kennerly","doi":"10.1177/09526951221134478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221134478","url":null,"abstract":"Plato's Republic lurks in cybernetics, a word popularly attributed to US American mathematician Norbert Wiener (1894–1964). In his accounts of how he came up with it, however, Wiener never mentions Plato, though he does note it was formed from the ancient Greek word kubernētēs (navigator). Among the earliest popular books about the cybernetics craze are three published in France, and their authors show a special interest in the origin of cybernetics. In something like learned rebukes to Wiener, all three books credit Plato with significant use of kubernē-based terms. This article presents evidence, one, that Wiener knows well he has chosen a word with a Platonic history and, two, that Wiener deems the technical and social climate of ancient Athens (and of the Republic) instructive only as an anti-model for the mid-20th-century United States and so does not feel compelled to associate cybernetics with Plato. Instead, Wiener focuses on the challenges cybernetics and automation pose for his own engineering-oriented, capitalist, multiracial, democratic republic. Wiener's decisions not to use Plato as an authorizing force and not to put ancient Athens on a pedestal merit recognition, since subsequent writers link ancient Athens with cybernation via a presumption that cybernation will enable and fully democratize the sort of leisure activities, including thinking and participation in public life, deemed by some to be emblematic of ancient Athens.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45782339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing the career arc of Joost A. M. Meerloo: Prominence, fading, and premonitions of menticide 追踪Joost A. M. Meerloo的职业生涯轨迹:突出、衰落和对谋杀的预感

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221121227

W. D. Woody

{"title":"Tracing the career arc of Joost A. M. Meerloo: Prominence, fading, and premonitions of menticide","authors":"W. D. Woody","doi":"10.1177/09526951221121227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221121227","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the career arc of Dutch psychoanalyst Joost A. M. Meerloo by examining his biography and his psychology of interrogation and confession. His life story, particularly his experiences during the German occupation of the Netherlands and his escape to England during World War II, shaped his views on these issues, as well as his rise to prominence as an expert on these topics in the United States. His psychoanalytic perspectives on interrogation and confession, including false confession, reflected the zeitgeist of the First Wave of Cold War interrogation tactics and related scholarship. His career as a scholar of interrogation faded with the study of distinct interrogation tactics used by communists during the Korean War, the emergence of experimental social psychology, and a growing cohort of scholars who rejected his psychoanalytic views in favor of more contemporary approaches. For these reasons, his work remains undervalued, increasing the risks that today’s scholars will fail to recognize his larger contributions and his warnings about vulnerability and psychologists’ roles in military interrogations. The article reviews the rise and fall of the career of Joost A. M. Meerloo as a scholar of Cold War interrogation, including his contributions and his unheeded warnings about vulnerability and psychologists’ roles in military interrogations.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42473810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maps of desire: Edward Tolman's drive theory of wants 欲望地图:爱德华·托尔曼的欲望驱动理论

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221135852

Simon Torracinta

{"title":"Maps of desire: Edward Tolman's drive theory of wants","authors":"Simon Torracinta","doi":"10.1177/09526951221135852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221135852","url":null,"abstract":"Wants and desires are central to ordinary experience and to aesthetic, philosophical, and theological thought. Yet despite a burgeoning interest in the history of emotions research, their history as objects of scientific study has received little attention. This historiographical neglect mirrors a real one, with the retreat of introspection in the positivist human sciences of the early 20th century culminating in the relative marginalization of questions of psychic interiority. This article therefore seeks to explain an apparent paradox: the attempt to develop a comprehensive theory of ‘why … we want what we want’ in the 1940s by esteemed American ‘neo-behaviorist’ psychologist Edward Tolman – a proponent of a methodology famous for its prohibition on appeals to unobservable mental phenomena. Though chiefly known today for his theory of ‘cognitive maps’, Tolman also sought to map the contours of desire as such, integrating Freudian and behaviorist models of the ‘drives’ to develop a complex iconography of the universal structures of motivation. Close attention to Tolman's striking maps offers a compelling limit case for what could and could not be captured within an anti-mentalist framework, and illuminates an important precursor to theories of motivational ‘affect’ in the postwar cognitive and neurosciences. His work upsets a standard chronology that centers on the ‘cognitive revolution’ of the 1960s, and points to the significance of psychoanalysis to an earlier turn to cognitivism. Tolman concluded his theory pointed ‘in the direction of more socialism’ – a reminder of the politically labile anti-essentialism of behaviorism's commitment to mental plasticity.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44090525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0