History of the Human Sciences最新文献_第3页

Behavior takes form: Tracing the film image in scientific research 行为形成:科学研究中的电影影像追踪

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231186295

S. Curtis

{"title":"Behavior takes form: Tracing the film image in scientific research","authors":"S. Curtis","doi":"10.1177/09526951231186295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951231186295","url":null,"abstract":"The use of motion pictures for research has a long history, of course, but beyond documenting a phenomenon and then projecting it for demonstration, scientists using this technology spent much energy figuring out how to extract information from a strip of film. Understanding film (or audiovisual) analysis is therefore necessary to grasping the relationship between an object of study, moving-image technology, and scientific evidence. This article explores one common technique within that history of film analysis: projecting a frame of the motion picture and then tracing the object of study onto paper, which was especially important for behavioral sciences such as developmental psychology or ethology. Behavior became tangible through a variety of means, but for those who relied on film for their observations, such as developmental psychologist Arnold Gesell, behavior took form at least partly through the process of tracing. Gesell's use of this technique reveals the broader functions of tracing as well as the patterns that emerge from its interplay with other inscriptions in the creation of evidence. How does behavior take form? The practice of tracing provides one answer to this larger question.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45826505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vico and the conspiracy of the sciences 维科与科学的阴谋

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231186314

Víctor Alonso-Rocafort

{"title":"Vico and the conspiracy of the sciences","authors":"Víctor Alonso-Rocafort","doi":"10.1177/09526951231186314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951231186314","url":null,"abstract":"On 18 October 1708, Giambattista Vico (1668–1744) gave his seventh inaugural oration, De nostri temporis studiorum ratione (De ratione) at the University of Naples. There, he used the term conspirare to propose collaboration among the sciences. An initial study of the historical context, specifically the scholar’s involvement with the Conspiracy of the Prince of Macchia (1701) and the debates on university reform, makes it possible to formulate a hypothesis regarding Vico’s intent and word choice that enriches our understanding of the preserved text. On a personal level, the Neapolitan professor was looking for a modicum of protection from the new authorities, especially the recently named viceroy in audience that day, Cardinal Vicenzo Grimani. On the political plane, along with a surreptitious argument against tyranny, Vico sought to dissuade the new governors from subscribing to the divisive approach embodied in the university policy of the Cartesian and Bourbonic reformers. Direct analysis of the text of De ratione enabled theoretical scrutiny of the frame from which Vico called for more than mere encyclopaedic knowledge. He was setting forth a vision for a conspiratorial project among the sciences based on a broad understanding of rhetoric. His original proposal for inter- and trans-disciplinarity can inform current debates on the same topic.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47992678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socialist gerontology? Or gerontology during socialism? The Bulgarian case 社会老年学吗?还是社会主义时期的老年学?保加利亚案例

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231178434

D. Koleva, I. Petrov

引用次数: 0

Trauma and loss in the Adult Attachment Interview: Situating the unresolved state of mind classification in disciplinary and social context. 成人依恋访谈中的创伤和损失:在学科和社会背景下定位未解决的心理状态分类。

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221143645

Lianne Bakkum, Carlo Schuengel, Sarah L Foster, R M Pasco Fearon, Robbie Duschinsky

{"title":"Trauma and loss in the Adult Attachment Interview: Situating the unresolved state of mind classification in disciplinary and social context.","authors":"Lianne Bakkum, Carlo Schuengel, Sarah L Foster, R M Pasco Fearon, Robbie Duschinsky","doi":"10.1177/09526951221143645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951221143645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines how 'trauma' has been conceptualised in the unresolved state of mind classification in the Adult Attachment Interview, introduced by Main and Hesse in 1990. The unresolved state of mind construct has been influential for three decades of research in developmental psychology. However, not much is known about how this measure of unresolved trauma was developed, and how it relates to other conceptualisations of trauma. We draw on previously unavailable manuscripts from Main and Hesse's personal archive, including various editions of unpublished coding manuals, and on Main-Bowlby correspondence from the John Bowlby Archive at the Wellcome Trust in London. This article traces the emergence of the unresolved state of mind classification, and examines the assumptions about trauma embedded in the construct. These assumptions are situated both in the immediate context of the work of Main and Hesse and in terms of wider discourses about trauma in the period. Our analysis considers how a particular form of trauma discourse entered into attachment research, and in doing so partly lost contact with wider disciplinary study of trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"36 3-4","pages":"133-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10294995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The regional survey movement and popular autoethnography in early 20th-century Britain 20世纪初英国地区调查运动与流行的自我民族志

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231167038

Harry Parker

{"title":"The regional survey movement and popular autoethnography in early 20th-century Britain","authors":"Harry Parker","doi":"10.1177/09526951231167038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951231167038","url":null,"abstract":"This article’s subject is the theory and practice of ‘regional survey’, the method of social and environmental study associated with Scottish thinker Patrick Geddes (1854–1932). Despite being overlooked or dismissed in most accounts of early 20th-century social science, regional survey had a wide influence on the development of the nascent disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and human geography. Emerging from late 19th-century field biology, the regional survey came to typify a methodological moment in the natural and social sciences that favoured the holistic analysis of geographically delimited areas. By the interwar period, the kinds of projects that went under its name can clearly be seen as forerunners of the post-Second World War tradition of community studies. Additionally, in its self-presentation as a civic, participatory exercise, the regional survey can be read as a form of popular autoethnography that contrasts with other, more familiar social-scientific ventures in the first half of the 20th century, and defies the dichotomy between ‘gentlemanly’ and ‘technical’ modes of social science. As a result, this article argues, the regional survey provides an alternative point of departure for thinking about the origins and development of the modern social sciences in Britain.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"3 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44426951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The crisis of modern society: Richard Titmuss and Emile Durkheim 现代社会的危机：理查德·蒂特穆斯与涂尔干

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231169399

John Stewart

引用次数: 0

The moral economy of diversity: How the epistemic value of diversity transforms late modern knowledge cultures 多样性的道德经济：多样性的认识价值如何转变现代晚期的知识文化

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231166533

N. Langlitz, Clemente de Althaus

{"title":"The moral economy of diversity: How the epistemic value of diversity transforms late modern knowledge cultures","authors":"N. Langlitz, Clemente de Althaus","doi":"10.1177/09526951231166533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951231166533","url":null,"abstract":"We may well be witnessing a decisive event in the history of knowledge as diversity is becoming one of the premier values of late modern societies. We seek to preserve and foster biodiversity, neurodiversity, racial diversity, ethnic diversity, gender diversity, linguistic diversity, cultural diversity, and perspectival diversity. Perspectival diversity has become the passage point through which other forms of diversity must pass to become epistemically consequential. This article examines how two of its varieties, viewpoint diversity and educational diversity, have come to transform the moral economy of science. Both aim at multiplying perspectives on a given subject, but their political subtexts differ markedly. The valorization of educational diversity followed a US Supreme Court decision in 1978 that enabled universities to advance social justice, if they justified race-conscious admissions in terms of the pedagogic benefits of a more diverse student body for all. By contrast, the proponents of viewpoint diversity aim at the reform of scientific knowledge production and distribution rather than the reallocation of status and power among different social groups. We examine the political epistemology of viewpoint diversity by analyzing a controversy between social psychologists who, amid the American culture wars of the 2010s, debated how to rein in their political biases in a scientific field supposedly lacking political diversity. Out of this scientific controversy grew Heterodox Academy, an activist organization promoting viewpoint diversity in higher education. By relating and comparing viewpoint and educational diversity, we clarify what is at stake epistemically in the US-centric moral economy of diversity.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The pincer movement of The Idea of a Social Science: Winch, Collingwood, and philosophy as a human science 社会科学思想的钳形运动：温奇、科林伍德与哲学作为一门人文科学

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231159225

J. Ahlskog, Olli Lagerspetz

{"title":"The pincer movement of The Idea of a Social Science: Winch, Collingwood, and philosophy as a human science","authors":"J. Ahlskog, Olli Lagerspetz","doi":"10.1177/09526951231159225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951231159225","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that, in order to understand Peter Winch's view of philosophy, it is profitable to read him together with R. G. Collingwood's philosophy of history. Collingwood was both an important source for Winch and a thinker engaged in a closely parallel philosophical pursuit. Collingwood and Winch shared the view that philosophy is an effort to understand the various ways in which human beings make reality intelligible. For both, this called for rapprochement between philosophy and the humanities. Like Collingwood, Winch wanted to reformulate philosophy as a form of human science. Both thinkers advanced a conception of logic where the validity of judgements, propositions, and thought are dependent on their function as instruments in human dialogue. In their treatments of logic, Winch and Collingwood were fleshing out their idea that questions concerning human meaningful behaviour also tie back to the question of what philosophical analysis is about. There is a deep connection between two main issues in both Collingwood's and Winch's writings: on the one hand, the need for ‘internal’ understanding of how human beings relate to reality, and on the other hand, their critique of the idea of logic as a self-sufficient system, external to historically embedded forms of life. At the core of their shared vision there was a comprehensive critique of metaphysical realism.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45892202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental recovery, citizenship roles, and the Mental After-Care Association, 1879–1928 1879-1928年，精神康复、公民角色和精神护理协会

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231164266

Hannah Blythe

{"title":"Mental recovery, citizenship roles, and the Mental After-Care Association, 1879–1928","authors":"Hannah Blythe","doi":"10.1177/09526951231164266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951231164266","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues for the importance of studying life after mental illness. A significant proportion of people who experience mental illness recover, but the experience continues to affect their lives. Historical examination of the birth of mental after-care through the Mental After-Care Association (MACA) highlights the challenges faced by those who were discharged recovered from English and Welsh lunatic asylums between 1879 and 1928. This research demonstrates the relationship between ideas regarding psychiatric recovery and citizenship. Throughout the period, certification of insanity for institutional treatment stripped patients of the status and rights of citizenship. Discharge on account of recovery restored a patient's legal access to citizenship, yet suspicions about their right and ability to particate in society lingered. The MACA designed after-care to facilitate restoration to full citizenship. The MACA was a product of the active citizenship movement, according to which, one's right to identify as a citizen depended on the performance of certain duties to the community. These duties varied according to socio-economic position and sex, meaning that each individual was prescribed a gendered personal citizenship role. MACA personnel saw their endeavours as part of their own citizenship roles, and designed their treatments accordingly. The MACA used a patient's assumption of a citizenship role to indicate recovery, and believed that supporting the performance of that role had mentally healing effects for patients who had been discharged recovered. MACA workers thus imbued the psychiatric innovation of after-care with the liberal political and social values of active citizenship.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44870437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The critique of social reason in the Popper–Adorno debate 波普尔-阿多诺论战中的社会理性批判

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/09526951221146657

Iaan Reynolds

引用次数: 0