IEEE Design & Test of Computers最新文献

{"title":"xMAS: Quick Formal Modeling of Communication Fabrics to Enable Verification","authors":"S. Chatterjee, M. Kishinevsky, Ümit Y. Ogras","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2205998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2205998","url":null,"abstract":"Although communication fabrics at the microarchitectural level are mainly composed of standard primitives such as queues and arbiters, to get an executable model one has to connect these primitives with glue logic to complete the description. In this paper we identify a richer set of microarchitectural primitives that allows us to describe complete systems by composition alone. This enables us to build models faster (since models are now simply wiring diagrams at an appropriate level of abstraction) and to avoid common modeling errors such as inadvertent loss of data due to incorrect timing assumptions. Our models are formal and they are used for model checking as well as dynamic validation and performance modeling. However, unlike other formalisms this approach leads to a precise yet intuitive graphical notation for microarchitecture that captures timing and functionality in sufficient detail to be useful for reasoning about correctness and for communicating microarchitectural ideas to RTL and circuit designers and validators.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MDT.2012.2205998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62469702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardware IP Protection During Evaluation Using Embedded Sequential Trojan","authors":"S. Narasimhan, R. Chakraborty, Swarup Chakraborty","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2205997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2205997","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose a low-cost solution for hardware IP protection during evaluation, by embedding a hardware Trojan inside an IP in the form of a finite state machine. The Trojan disrupts the normal functional behavior of the IP on occurrence of a sequence of rare events, thereby effectively putting an expiry date on the usage of the IP.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MDT.2012.2205997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62469687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"That's not our job! [Standards]","authors":"S. Krolikoski","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2194612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2194612","url":null,"abstract":"It is argued that until a technology has been proven in the real world to the point where that its target audience will readily embrace it, it should not be standardized. In other words, a standards group should codify successful technology, not try to invent it. Standards work is already difficult by its very nature - it is distributed engineering at its most extreme - distributed across multiple companies, including competitors. The more this type of distributed engineering team is asked to invent solutions, the greater the chance it will either fail or produce a Standard that suffers lackluster adoption. The Verilog hardware description language (HDL) is a good example of a very successful standard that was based on success in the marketplace.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88400782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editors' Introduction: Synthetic Biology","authors":"D. Densmore, S. Hassoun","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2194609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2194609","url":null,"abstract":"h SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY IS trending, as evidenced by the recent achievements in biofuels (microbial production of diesel fuels from fatty acids in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and yeast) and in biotherapeutics (microbial production of artemisnic acid as a viable source of antimalarial drugs). The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition in 2011 had over 165 teams and 1000+ undergraduate participants from around the world. Synthetic Biology had a global market which generated $233.8 million in 2008. This is expected to increase to $2.4 billion in 2013. Synthetic biology alone had a chemicals and energy segment worth $80.6 million in 2008 with a projected growth to $1.6 billion in 2013. Synthetic biology is here to stay. Handcrafted genetic circuits and pathways added to well characterized host organisms are one way produce new synthetic biological systems. These circuits and pathways are not easily identified nor readily constructed; they require extensive funding and research efforts spanning multiple years. ‘‘Design flows’’ are ad hoc, involving trial and error, and relying heavily on biologists’ intuition and experience. Recall ‘‘design compilers’’ that were dreams in the late 1970s or the ‘‘napkin-to-chip’’ concept in the 1990s? The equivalent conceptual dream in biology now is just beginning to be articulated in many bioengineering fields spanning synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, systems biology, and genetic engineering. The buzz phrasing has not arrived yet. ‘‘Bio Design Automation (BDA)’’ or ‘‘Genetic Design Automation (GDA)’’ promises to deliver the software infrastructure and support design methodologies spanning functional specification to manufacturing instructions. This special section of this issue of D&T brings together four articles and a perspective on software tools that aid in synthetic biological circuits and systems. ‘‘Design Automation for Synthetic Biological Systems’’ serves as a tutorial illustrating two complementary approaches to designing biology systems by either bottom-up, part-based genetic circuits or the modification of metabolic pathways. ‘‘Digital Signal Processing with Molecular Reactions’’ illustrates how biological systems can be abstracted into sets of reactions which can resemble processing systems familiar to the electrical engineering community. ‘‘Design and Test of Genetic Circuits using iBioSim’’ presents a software framework for the simulation of synthetic biological systems. Finally, ‘‘Fast Solvers for Biomolecular Science and Engineering’’ outlines mathematical frameworks which model the dynamics present in biological systems. Together these articles provide background material, modeling frameworks, and examples of software solutions. In addition to the four outlined articles, the ‘‘Last Byte’’ of this issue provides a humorous and fictitious take on the origins of BDA. ‘‘Perspectives’’ provides an examination of the emerging biodesign automation field alongside the early days","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87428478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SerDes Interoperability and Optimization","authors":"M. Kamm, H. Jun, L. Boluna","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2201910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2201910","url":null,"abstract":"As SerDes use in system-level applications increases, interoperability and overall system optimization become greater challenges. This work presents a solution to these problems utilizing the combination of embedded link transmit and receive tests via system diagnostics software layer, JTAG, and the upcoming IEEE P1687 standard.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MDT.2012.2201910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62469823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Automation for Synthetic Biological Systems","authors":"D. Densmore, S. Hassoun","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2193370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2193370","url":null,"abstract":"Through principled engineering methods, synthetic biology aims to build specialized biological components that can be modularly composed to create complex systems. This article outlines bio-design automation using two complementary design approaches, bottom-up modular construction from biological primitives and pathway-based approaches. The article also highlights future challenges for both.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MDT.2012.2193370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62469615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Solvers for Molecular Science and Engineering","authors":"J. Bardhan","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2192494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2192494","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we illustrate EDA's potential for high-impact contributions in biodesign using a case study. Fast integral-equation solvers are used widely to analyze electromagnetic fields in circuits and packaging and can be leveraged to understand and design the electrostatic interactions between biological molecules. Fast simulations of Maxwell's equations enable accurate prediction of system behavior prior to fabrication, and are therefore essential tools for rapid design cycles. To name just one use, fast solvers are critical for timing analysis, i.e., understanding how parasitic interactions between on-chip interconnects delay signal propagation. High-speed circuits possess millions of transistors and interconnects, making fast, accurate simulation an economic necessity to avoid costly product delays and failures.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MDT.2012.2192494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62469577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Signal Processing With Molecular Reactions","authors":"Hua Jiang, Marc D. Riedel, K. Parhi","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2192144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2192144","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular reactions are a common occurrence in biological systems. These reactions are tremendously varied and can be extraordinarily complex. This article, however, shows how abstracting these reactions appropriately provide a formalism to describe computation that is familiar to electrical engineers and computer scientists.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MDT.2012.2192144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62469563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standards, Interoperability, and Innovation in a Disaggregated IC Industry","authors":"K. Chakrabarty","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2190347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2190347","url":null,"abstract":"h THE IC INDUSTRY today is disaggregated into integrated device manufacturers (IDMs), foundries, fables companies, and systems solution entities. Yet system complexity continues to grow relentlessly as we move to more advanced technology nodes and explore new design paradigms such as 3D integration. In order to be able to produce working designs in a predictable amount of time, we need to standardize the mechanism by which design and test data are generated, exchanged, translated, and ultimately analyzed by humans and computers. The electronic design automation (EDA) community is served by many standards bodies such as IEEE, Accellera, OSCI, Si2, and CMC, all of which focus on different aspects of design and test. Standards also encourage research breakthroughs in academia by providing the means for evaluating new ideas and comparing various emerging EDA solutions with each other. This fascinating issue introduces D&T readers to today’s and forthcoming EDA standards as we move towards sub-20 nm feature sizes. Guest Editors Shishpal Rawat and Sumit DasGupta have done a commendable job in taking the initiative and putting together this special issue with a set of selected articles, which include contributions by experts from various entities in this ecosystem (IDMs, EDA companies, etc.) as well as universities. These articles cover the landscape of research advances, practical experiences, and perspectives on future trends. The special issue covers system simulation, power modeling and low-power design, abstractions in hardware design, SystemC and SystemVerilog, and test and design-for-testability. Readers will also find our regular Last Byte column that looks at how our world will be without EDA standards, and the Standards column that provides an update on ongoing IEEE P1687 activities to extend the current version of IEEE 1149.1. Embedded test instruments and access to these test capabilities is highly relevant for today’s chips and systems (3D stacking, higher integration, heterogeneous systems, and so on). This issue also includes a review of two books on the role of automation in our society today, especially in the context of EDA tools and their impact on innovation, job creation (or disappearance), and technology acceleration. I thank Shishpal and Sumit for serving as Guest Editors of the special issue, the authors for their contributions, and the reviewers for their diligence and adherence to an extremely tight review schedule. I also thank the column editors for their contributions. I hope you will enjoy reading this special issue, as well as the subsequent issues of the revamped D&T in 2012. We have lined up an exciting set of special issues for the remainder of 2012 and we are now preparing the lineups for 2013. Inputs and participation from the D&T readership are always welcome!","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A World Without Standards","authors":"S. Davidson","doi":"10.1109/MDT.2012.2187230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2012.2187230","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of IEEE Design & Test of Computers is all about standards. Each of the papers makes an excellent argument why a particular standard is important and what benefits can be achieved by adopting the standard. As engineers we deal with standards a lot, but, like the air, I don't think we often stop to think of their pervasiveness. The real value of standards for design description is not in defining where the semicolons go, but in solving abstraction problems in the standard so that each tool developer doesn't have to.","PeriodicalId":50392,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79195097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}