Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Real Time Nitrogen Management of Maize using CCM 200 Plus During Dry Season in Eastern Coastal Plains of India","authors":"Angara Pavan, Lalichetti Sagar, Devender Reddy","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5992","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing availability of chlorophyll meters in the market, their adoption remains limited due to the absence of region-specific thresholds. One such meter, the CCM 200 plus produced by Opti-Sciences Inc., stands out for its non-destructive nature, cost-effectiveness and reliability. However, specific thresholds for this meter in the eastern coastal plains of India, particularly for maize crops, are lacking. The current study was carried out at the P.G. Research Farm, MSSSoA during summer season of 2022-23 encompassing three chlorophyll content indices (CCI less than 35, CCI less than 40, CCI less than 45) with and without basal nitrogen applications, alongside fixed-time nitrogen management (FTNM) and Absolute N Control (no nitrogen) which were allocated in randomized block design with three replications. The findings indicated that both CCI less than 45 with basal nitrogen application and CCI less than 40 with basal nitrogen application demonstrated statistically similar maize grain yields, surpassing FTNM by 18.1% and 12.4%, respectively. However, adopting CCI less than 40 with basal nitrogen application resulted in savings of 30 kg N/ha compared to CCI less than 45 with basal nitrogen application for maize cultivation in the Eastern Coastal Plains of India.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"36 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Maize Production: Intercropping Maize and Beans in South Western Uganda","authors":"Wycliffe Tumwesigye, David Osiru, Leems Bernards, T. Tefera, B. Bedadi, Majaliwa Mwanjalolo Jackson-Gilbert, Dastan Bamwesigye, Petros Chavula","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-601","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops nearby: in the same row or bed, or rows or strips near enough to allow biological interactions. Advantages of inter cropping include: improving soil’s nutrients to better support crops' growth and development thus improving yields; it improves soil-water retention and diversifies the farmers' incomes in case of failure for one crop. It is one of the natural methods for management of crop pests and diseases. Inter cropping maize and beans is one of the climate-smart agricultural approaches used to boost crop production across the globe. However, some smallholder farmers have a negative attitude toward it due to limited knowledge regarding its benefits. The study aimed at establishment of the effect of intercropping maize and beans on the maize yields in Isingiro District, South Western Uganda. Methods: The experiment was conducted in two seasons (March-May 2020 and August- November 2021). Standard agronomical practices were followed from planting to harvesting, after which the dry weight of maize was measured and recorded. Data analysis was done using ONEWAY ANOVA in R Software Version 4.2.2. Result: Results show that intercropping maize and beans in season one significantly increased maize yields (p less than 0.001) more than it did in season two (p=0.0211). The main effect of Season is statistically significant and large (p less than .001). The main effect of Treatment is statistically significant and large (p less than .001). The study concluded that reduced rainfall negatively affects maize yields and intercropping Longe5 with NABE16 increases maize yields. Early planting and good agronomic practices were recommended to improve maize productivity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"73 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio Efficacy of Fungicides against the Wheat Head Blight Causing Fungus, Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Gurpreet Kaur, S. Rana, Prahlad Masurkar, Siddharth Anand, Manisha Sahoo, Sukhwinder Singh, Priyobrata Sinha","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5999","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a significant threat to global wheat production. It results in extensive yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. This study aims to evaluate various fungicides in vitro to determine their effectiveness in controlling FHB. Through a comprehensive analysis of the fungicides’ in vitro efficacy against F. graminearum, this research endeavours to establish a connection between laboratory observations and real-world field applications. Methods: The current investigation was conducted in the Plant Pathology laboratory of CSKHPKV, Palampur, during 2021-2022, wherein, nine fungicides viz., trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% (Nativo 75WG), carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP (SAAF), difenoconazole 25 EC (Score), carbendazim 50 WP (Bavistin), Propiconazole 25 EC (Tilt), tebuconazole 250 EC (Folicur), mancozeb 75WP (Indofil), copper oxychloride 50 WP (Blitox) and carboxin 37.5% +thiram 37.5% WS (Vitavax power) were evaluated at different concentrations against F. graminearum. In the in vitro assay, F. graminearum was subjected to varying concentrations of fungicides, ranging from low to high, to determine their inhibitory effects on the growth of mycelia, which are thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of fungi. The assay involved carefully monitoring the development of F. graminearum under different conditions to obtain accurate results. Result: The study’s results revealed that carbendazim 50 WP, trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG, and tebuconazole 250 EC at concentrations of 100 ppm or higher were the most effective in inhibiting the growth of mycelium. The varying degrees of effectiveness among the fungicides tested indicate that F. graminearum responds differently to various chemical treatments. The findings from this in vitro evaluation will provide valuable data for the ongoing efforts to develop effective and sustainable fungicide-based strategies to combat Fusarium head blight in wheat crops.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"108 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Agricultural Drought in Tamil Nadu using Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"S. Janarth, R. Jagadeeswaran, S. Pazhanivelan, Balaji Kannan, K. Ragunath, N.K. Sathiyamoorthy","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-6007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-6007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Agricultural drought during kharif seasons of the year 2019 to 2023 in Tamil Nadu state in India was analyzed in using the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS). Monthly precipitation data from 1991 to 2023 were obtained for the study, with the main objective of evaluating the duration, spatial extent, severity and lag time of meteorological and agricultural drought in the study area. Methods: The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) was generated by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The pixel reliability layer was introduced based on the calculation of the cloud coverage at the moment of image acquisition. The Standardized Precipitation Index SPI in one month time scale plays very significant role in any vulnerability studies for accurate prediction of any events. Result: In the present study, the EVI for Kharif season was considered for five years i.e., 2019-2023 and it was correlated with the SPI at various time scales. The correlation coefficient of SPI was 0.39 with 0.1% level of significance, in other words, EVI 2022 was well correlated with SPI-6. Also, the relation between EVI and precipitation with 9 months interval was also tested. The 12 months interval of precipitation have more stress on vegetation and it can negatively impact the agriculture activities leading to crop failures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum Nitrogen Dose and Malt Quality of Barley Varieties under Saline Water Irrigation","authors":"Amandeep Kaur, Satyavan, Anil Kumar Yadav, Ram Prakash, Vikram Singh","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-6037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-6037","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to find out the optimum dose of nitrogen and to evaluate malt quality parameters of different barley varieties under saline water irrigation. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot design by keeping four varieties (BH 902, BH 946, BH 885 and DWRB 101) in main plots and four nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) in sub plots with four replications. Result: On an average, variety BH 946 produced maximum grain yield of 5151 kg/ha which was 5.1, 7.3 and 14.7% higher as compared to DWRB 101, BH 902 and BH 885, respectively. Under saline water irrigation, the optimum dose of nitrogen for variety BH 902, BH 946, BH 885, DWRB 101 was found as 74.5, 74.9, 71.8, 69.2 kg/ha and economic optimum dose as 72.9, 73.2, 70.0, 67.7 kg/ha, respectively. Diastatic power, α-amylase activity and protein content were significantly higher in 6-row barley varieties BH 902 and BH 946, whereas hectolitre weight, starch content and malt recovery were significantly higher in 2-row barley varieties BH 885 and DWRB 101. Nitrogen application significantly enhanced the hectolitre weight, protein content in grain, á-amylase activity and diastatic power, while starch content and malt recovery were significantly decreased under various nitrogen levels.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterobacter hormaechei Bacteria from Paper Napkins Confirmed by 16S rRNA Gene and Experimental Infection in Rats","authors":"Sabaa Hilal Hadi, Muna A. Al-khafaji, R. Raheema, Abdulazeez A. Hasoony","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-602","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the frequent use of paper napkins for everyday personal use and direct contact with the external openings of our bodies such as the nostril, eyes and even the vagina. With its many types and the lack of necessary sterilization methods in factories, it is likely that it contains germs with the possibility of entering them. The current study aimed isolated E. hormaechei to experimentally infected and determine the pathogenicity of E. hormaechei in rat newborns and adult rats by two ways of infection. Methods: Confirmed by this unique research with its content by isolating bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei at a large presence rate per 0.2 mg of each napkin. In humans, Enterobacter hormaechei normally behaves as an opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Vitek 2 compact biochemical tests were performed on fifty E. hormaechei isolates. Result: Three strains of E. hormaechei that were examined and closely linked to Enterobacter spp. had their 16S rRNA gene sequenced using the Sanger method. The bacteria’s closest relatives among Gen Bank sequences were Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter hormaechei. (99-100%). Interstitial pneumonia, acute enteritis, necrosis and inflammation-related cell infiltration in the parenchyma of the uterus and atretic oviduct epithelium are all seen in the histopathological examination of affected rats.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of River Water Pollution on Rice and Wheat Productivity: A Case Study in Maharajganj District, India","authors":"S. Jatav, Nathoo Bharati, Sanatan Nayak","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5952","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased water pollution is a worldwide problem that threatens the well-being of billions of people and their economies, ecosystems and quality of life in both developed and developing nations. Poor wastewater management has exacerbated major water-quality concerns in many regions of the globe, increasing the water crisis. With these, the present study made an attempt to capture the impact of river water pollution on rice and wheat productivity in surveyed villages in Maharajganj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: A field survey of 200 farmers was conducted from (1-30/September/2021) using multistage sampling. Further, the productivity change method was used to calculate the impact of river water pollution on crop productivity. Result: The results from this study show that per acre rice and wheat crop productivity was 8.84 and 7.78 quintals in Rajabari village (a river pollution-affected village) respectively, while the corresponding figures in Taraini village (a non-river pollution-affected village) were 19.86 and 18.14 quintals/acre. Further, net returns for rice and wheat crops in Rajabari village were Rs. 4863 and Rs. 5730, while corresponding figures in Taraini village were Rs. 19319 and Rs. 22070 per acre, respectively. Hence, the present study recommends that the government should take appropriate water contamination measures to limit water pollution through appropriate treatment methods. To prevent contamination of water containing with heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, detergents and any pollutant that causes danger to the environment and in order to achieve normalcy within the limits of standards, attention should be focused on the prevention of water pollution with pollutants and the preservation of the quality and ecosystems of these waters through adequate and uninterrupted monitoring in time and space.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Impact of Subsidies in Global Cotton Trade: A Review","authors":"Isabella Agarwal, Y.G. Prasad","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5965","url":null,"abstract":"In the complex journey from seed to shop floor, cotton goes through several stages. More than 70 countries produce and export cotton, while many developed and developing countries depend on imports of cotton lint for their spinning and textile industries. Global cotton consumption has regularly increased alongside cotton production and global population and is now estimated at 26 million tons. Cotton trade and production are highly distorted by policy support extended to cotton producers which has been greatest in the US, followed by China and the EU. It should be noted that while the cotton industry in all cotton producing countries benefit from indirect support provided to the agricultural sector, in general, between half and three quarters of the world cotton production receive direct support during most seasons. Support to the sector in India is expected to result in continuous growth in cotton mill use. The industry, however, faces several challenges, including technological obsolescence, high input costsand poor access to credit. To address these issues, the government has implemented several subsidy schemes and is currently developing a new textile policy for the overall development of the sector.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic Profile of the Beneficiaries of MGNREGA: A Study on the MGNREGA in the Nalanda District of Bihar","authors":"Vineeta Chandra, Amrit Warshini, P. Mounika, Aman Verma, Ramesh Chand Bunkar, Sameer Mahapatro, Chitrasena Padhy","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5975","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, was notified by Ministry of rural development, GOI in September, 2005. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is the first statute in the history of India empowering rural India with the power of work. The present study aims to analyse socio-economic profile of the beneficiaries of MGNREGA: A study on the MGNREGA in Nalanda district of Bihar. Methods: In this research during the year 2022-2023. Nalanda district in Bihar is selected for the study. Hilsa block for the study since it contains the greatest number of MGNREGA beneficiaries. Six villages in total were purposefully chosen for the study. A random sample of 120 respondents was obtained. Pre-structured interview schedules were used to gather the data and relevant statistical analysis was carried out to determine the significant findings. Result: The findings of the study shows that the majority of respondents 42.50 percent belong to the middle age group; the majority of respondents 46.67 per cent were illiterate; the majority 47.50 per cent belonged to the schedule class caste; the majority 53.34 per cent held land holdings of less than one acre; the majority 39.17 per cent worked alone as their primary occupation; forty per cent had low annual incomes; the majority 50.83 per cent had a family of medium size; the majority 43.33 per cent were involved in social activities; the majority 48.33 per cent had medium-level social participation and most (47.50%) of the respondents were having medium level of extension contacts.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Correlation and Path Coefficient for Seed Yield and it’s Contributing Characters in Soybean Germplasm","authors":"Vijay Bairagi, Sheshnath Mishra, Ramraj Sen, Dinesh Baboo Tyagi","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5940","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soybean is one of the world’s most important legumes contributing significantly as an oilseed in terms of total production and international trade. It is a multipurpose crop. Selection of genotypes with higher yield is always given priority by breeders for developing high yielding varieties. The present experimentation was conducted to know character association and path coefficient analysis among yield and its components for enhancing the usefulness of selection criterion to be followed during development of cultivars. Methods: The experimental material consisted of 32 soybean genotypes sown at Sipani Krishi Anusandhan Farm, Changli, Mandsaur Madhya Pradesh in Kharif season, 2022 in RBD with three replication. The character association and path coefficient was analysed between seed yield and nine yield attributing quantitative characters. Result: Grain yield per plot showed highly significant and positive correlation with number of primary branches per plant (0.501** and 0.444**), number of pods per plant (0.714** and 0.684**), number of pods per cluster (0.709** and 0.673**), number of nods per plant (0.746** and 0.687**) and plant height (0.253* and 0.214*) respectively at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Out of ten, five characters had positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. Highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plot was exhibited by number of pods /plant followed by number of nods /plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods /cluster, days to 50% pod initiation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}