Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Screening of Zea mays L. Germplasm for the High Carotenoid Endosperm using Biochemical and Molecular Approaches","authors":"G. Adinarayana, V. Ratnakar, D. Ramya, S. Vijay, G. P. Kumar, P. S. Kumar, K.R.S. Sambasiva Rao","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5976","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the rapid growing and busy world, the hidden hunger for the micronutrients, vitamins and protein is increasing on a high rate. Among which retinol is the key vitamin which cannot be synthesized by the humans and need to be supplied in the form of carotenoids. Methods: The present study focused in screening the best maize line with high carotenoid content. Carotenoid content was tested and quantified using HPLC. ε-LCY gene and β-HYD 3 were used to screen the best maize line. Result: Among 8 maize lines tested, 5732 showed high carotenoid content i.e., 24.47 mg/g when tested using conventional UV spectrophotometer studies. Quantification of individual carotenoid component was done by HPLC which showed lutein 7.548 mg/g, zeaxanthin 3.21 mg/g, b-cryptoxanthin 5.691 mg/g and b- carotene 8.455 mg/g were recorded in 5732 maize cultivars. Molecular screening using ε-LCY gene and β-HYD 3 revealed 5732 as the best carotenoid maize line with high carotenoid favorable alleles which can be further used for the inbreeding programs.","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of the Technological Potential of Durum Wheat Varieties after Natural Aging","authors":"Amina Dridi, Amel Soussa, Hiba Daas, Manel Lina Djendi, Kübra Sağlam","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-597","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is one of the most essential cereal species and is cultivated worldwide over almost 17 million ha, with a global production of 38.1 million tonnes in 2019 (Ioannis et al., 2020). Cereal grains have always been the main source of food for humans and domestic animals. In Algeria, cereal products, mainly wheat, play a strategic role in the food system and the national economy. Knowledge of the phenomena governing their preservation and mastery of storage techniques are crucial to the survival of the world’s population. The world human population is increasing day by day and estimated to reach 8.0 billion by 2025 and 8.9 billion by 2050. Methods: The ideal of this work was to study the effect of natural aging on the viability and technological quality of four kinds of durum wheat, saved for two years under two storage conditions, favorable conditions in the cold room, temperature (-04°C); moisture (12%) and inimical conditions (medium), temperature estimated between 11 and 37°C and relative moisture of 30 to 85 83%. To do this, a study of morphological, physiological, biochemical and technological parameters was initiated on the seed and on the whole factory. Result: The protein content values recorded are low compared to the control under both conditions (favorable, inimical) of natural aging; the differences are veritably largely significant. A significant increase in proline situations in seeds subordinated to natural aging compared to the control. Under good natural aging conditions, we notice that the different genotypes tested record low answerable sugar contents compared to the control; whereas under inimical NA conditions, we note a significant increase in answerable sugar content; the differences are veritably largely significant. The results attained show that, in general, the kinds are more sensitive to inimical conditions of natural aging, while without favorable conditions, the effect is less drastic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"42 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Effective Microorganisms on Vegetative Growth of Wheat","authors":"B. A. Abraheem, Ahmed A. Hussein, N. F. Shachai","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-609","url":null,"abstract":"Background: environmental pollution has led to climate change and agriculture is an aspect of this pollution, Pesticides, fertilizers and plant growth regulators are pollutants in soil and water. Therefore, beneficial microorganisms found in nature to provide plants with nutrients, resist pests and reduce mineral fertilizers is an ambitious goal for researchers. On the environment. Pseudomonas bacteria, baker’s yeast and mycorrhizal fungi are known for their ability to increase a group of nutrients’ organic and amino acids, as well as plant hormones that stimulate growth. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at University of Baghdad to assess the impact of beneficial microorganisms on wheat growth traits during winter Of 2019-2020., using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments.: Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria (Pse), Mycorrhizae Glomusspp. (Gl.), Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (Sa.), Ps+Gl, Gl+Sa, Ps+Sa, Ps+Sa+Gl and control. Result: Experimental indicated that treatments significantly outperformed in plant height, tiller number, CGR (crop growth rate) and total dry weight. Additionally, the Ps+Sa+Gl treatment demonstrated a significant superiority over all other treatments in terms of plant height and tiller number. These observations suggest that the combination of biological factors within a single treatment resulted in a synergistic interaction, that led to enhancement of the vegetative growth indices in wheat plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity Robinia pseudoacacia L. Growing in Drought Conditions using ISSR","authors":"P. A. Kuzmin, P.A. Krylov","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-605","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of two populations of introduced R. pseudoacacia growing under drought conditions using ISSR markers. The individuals of R. pseudoacacia from two populations grow in the Ergeninskaya Upland, where a low level of moisture supply is observed. The difference between the populations lies in the conditions of growth, with the first population having a less favorable hydrothermal regime. Methods: ISSR markers were used to analyze the genetic structure of R. pseudoacacia. During this analysis, 6 out of 18 ISSR primers with a high information content were selected. Polymorphism and genetic diversity of ISSR loci in R. pseudoacacia were evaluated in two populations based on the obtained electropherograms using POPGENE v 1.31. Result: The study revealed that individuals of R. pseudoacacia growing in less favorable conditions have the greatest polymorphism of ISSR loci. Among individuals of the first population of R. pseudoacacia, the highest proportion of polymorphism was observed when using ISSR primers UBC 808 and UBC 826. Comparison of the obtained results of genetic structure analysis and the vital state showed that individuals with higher polymorphism, particularly using UBC 808 and UBC 826, have a more pronounced resistance to soil moisture deficit. The obtained results can be further used for selection and developing new resistant forms of R. pseudoacacia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"21 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterisation and Toxicity Analysis of Indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Isolates against Cucurbit Fruit Fly Maggots, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquilett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)","authors":"T. Sharmitha, V. Balasubramani, T. Elaiyabharathi, M. Raveendran, L. Pugalendhi, E. Kokiladevi","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-6006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-6006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indiscriminate use of insecticides against fruit flies (Tephritidae: Diptera) has led to the development of residue and resistance and there is a need to try alternate eco-friendly management practices. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most widely used bacterium forming proteins active against insects of different orders. Thus, the present study was framed to characterize and evaluate 50 indigenous Bt isolates against cucurbit fruit fly maggots, Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Methods: Colony morphology was observed visually, while crystal morphology was observed through a microscope. The cry gene content of the Bt isolates was screened by Polymerase Chain Reaction and the proteins harbored were assessed by SDS- PAGE analysis. Full diet contamination method was used to evaluate the toxicity of Bt isolates against cucurbit fruit fly maggots. Result: Uniform full white, off-white and creamy white colony colours were found except one isolate each, exhibiting full white at centre surrounded by off white and off white at centre surrounded by full white. Spherical shape crystal (45.10%) was predominant followed by cuboidal (29.41%), bipyramidal (17.65%), rectangular (3.92%) and minute crystal attached to spore (3.92%). Insecticidal proteins varied from ~15 to greater than 200kDa in size with one to four and more distinct bands per isolate. PCR screening revealed cry4Aa in 2 isolates, cry4Ba and cry11Aa in one isolate each, cyt1 in 1 isolate. The standard strain Bti 4Q2 (100% mortality of maggots) and the indigenous Bt isolates, T166 (92.59%), T184 (91.11%) and T60 (90.48%) were found to be significantly toxic.","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Soil Moisture from Multispectral Remote Sensing Data","authors":"Teodora Ivanova Pashova, Emilia Mitkova Mihaylova","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-570","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture is an important parameter in agricultural and environmental studies and affects the exchange of water and energy at the boundary between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of spatial-temporal changes in soil moisture is critical for numerous studies in the agricultural sciences. Vegetation indices, based on combinations of digital data of reflected light in the visible and near-infrared range, are suitable for the detection of water stress in plants. Therefore, they are widely used to monitor and detect drought conditions, but their accuracy is dependent on different vegetation types. The main objective of this research was to develop a novel procedure for the estimation of soil moisture using multispectral remote measurements. This study has been done using a multispectral camera Survey 3W Red+Green+NIR, which records images in three spectral channels: green (550 nm), red (660 nm) and near-infrared (850 nm). Eleven soil samples with different water content were investigated. SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) software was used to process the captured multispectral images. It allows an easy calculation of various vegetation indices. The suitability of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for the assessment of soil moisture was evaluated. The average NDVI values did not indicate a well-established trend in relation to the SWC. A new simple vegetation index NIR/Green was successfully used for the assessment of soil moisture. The new NIR/Green index gives consistent results in relation to the real soil water content and could be used for mapping of the soil moisture with multispectral cameras.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"112 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tillage and Seaweed Extract Effects on Soil Physio-chemical Properties, Microbial Population and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) in Hills of Nagaland","authors":"Shivani Kumari, L. Tzudir, T. Gohain, A. Singh, D. Nongmaithem, Rekha Yadav, N. Kikon, Manoj Dutta","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5962","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sweet corn is a selectively crossbred variant of maize designed with the intention of enhancing its sugar content. It highly remunerative and is gaining momentum among the progressive farmers due to its extra sweetness, early maturity, nutritious green fodder at harvest which earns high market value. Methods: Field experiments were undertaken during kharif season of 2021 and 2022 at Experimental Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SAS, Nagaland University to access tillage and seaweed extract effects on soil physio-chemical properties, microbial population and yield of sweet corn. Result: The results from study revealed that yield parameters such as green cob yield, green fodder yield showed significant increase under conventional tillage and application of 10% S-SWE. Highest microbial population was exhibited under zero tilled plots, Sargassum seaweed extract (15% S-SWE) application noted significantly higher bacterial, actinomycetes and total microbial population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"113 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Analysis of Livestock Production and Exports and its Significance for Food Security","authors":"Anwesha Dey, Dharmik Borisagar, Shiwani Bhadwal, H.P. Singh, O.P. Singh","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5941","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Livestock provides diverse food and non-food products, supports rural households along with serving as a secondary source of income for small and marginal farmers. Livestock aids in food production, enriches soil fertility and supply raw material to various industries. Livestock directly contributes to nutritional security by providing essential proteins and micronutrients, preventing under-nutrition and deficiencies.This paper delves into the changing scenario of India’s livestock sector by examining production, export patterns of livestock products and the role of livestock in food and nutritional security. Methods: Available secondary data on production of livestock products in India have been divided into four sub periods: sub period-I (1980-81 to 1989-90), sub period-II (1990-91 to 1999-00), sub period-III (2000-01 to 2009-10) and sub period-IV (2010-11 to 2021-22) and have been analyzed along with export data covering the period 1991-2021 andpopulation data from first livestock census (1951) after independence to 20th livestock census (2019). Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) using trend equation and instability index using Cuddy Della Valle Index has been worked out for the data. Result: Production of egg, milk and meat has shown consistent growth of around 6%, 5% and 8%, respectively over the past five decades with low to moderate overall instability (~8-21%). But wool production has turned negative in the last two decades despite India being the world’s third-largest sheep population. The growth in exports of dairy and meat products has gained momentum after globalization with a significant overall growth rate of 10.37% and 7.10% for the period under study. But in terms of instability dairy exports are more volatile (68.11%) compared to meat products (30.39%). Exports of poultry products showed negative growth rates with the highest instability (86.77%) over the entire study period.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"119 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Methanolic Extracts of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Leaves and Galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) Rhizome for the Management of Rice Brown Plant Hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.)","authors":"Cristina L Salaki, V. Montong, H. Makal, T. Tallei","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-582","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of plant-based extracts derived from clove leaves and galangal rhizome represents a potential alternative for pest control, offering relative environmental safety, particularly in the case of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) infestations in rice plants. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal formulation of clove leaves and galangal rhizome extracts for effective management of N. lugens on rice plants. The research was conducted at the Green House of the Pest and Plant Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. Six different concentrations of clove leaves and galangal rhizome extracts were used, each with four replications. These concentrations were 2 ml/L, 4 ml/L, 6 ml/L, 8 ml/L, 10 ml/L and a control group. Application of the extracts employed three methods: insect spraying, plant spraying and insect-on-plant spraying. The results indicated that insect spraying with clove leaves extract resulted in a mortality rate of 43.3% to 93.3%, while galangal rhizome extract caused a mortality rate of 13.3% to 80%. Plant spraying with clove leaf extract led to a mortality rate of 6.7% to 46.7% and galangal extract resulted in a mortality rate of 6.7% to 40.0%. Insect-on-plant spraying caused mortality rates of 46.7% to 86.7% for clove leaves extract and 50% to 76.7% for galangal extract at 12 to 72 hours after application. The highest efficacy in terms of the quickest insect mortality occurred at a concentration of 10% using the insect spraying and insect-on-plant spraying methods, with mortality observed at 12 hours after application. The slowest response was observed at a concentration of 10% using the plant spraying method, with mortality occurring at 48 hours after application. The LT50 values for 10% clove leaves and galangal rhizome extracts application were determined as 18.2 hours and 24.6 hours, respectively. Therefore, clove leaves and galangal extracts can serve as viable alternatives to synthetic pesticides for the management of N. lugens, a pest of rice plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":"107 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Organic Acid Composition, Proton Efflux and Root Length in Rice Genotypes Differing in Grain Zinc Accumulation Efficiency","authors":"Yama Santhoshi Lavanya, Dhandapani Murugesan, C. N. Chandrasekhar, Kenas Vijila","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5948","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice genotypes exhibit notable diversity in grain zinc content, with wild types accumulating higher levels than cultivated varieties, even in zinc-deficient soils. This study focuses on the wild rice genotype Karuppunel (Zn tolerant), along with cultivated varieties CO51 (Zn responsive) and ADT39 (Zn sensitive). The research explores the relationship between the composition of organic acids in root exudates, proton efflux and root length at various growth stages under both +Zn and -Zn conditions. Methods: The experiment was conducted by growing rice genotypes Karuppunel, CO51 and ADT39 under two different zinc applied conditions. Non target based metabolomics was done to study the alterations in organic acid composition in root exudates using LC-MS/MS. Proton efflux was studied by the methodology given by Bashan et al., (1989) and root length was measured from the plant’s base to the tip of the longest root. The data was analyzed by using Metaboanalyst 5.0 software and Origin Pro 2023b, version 10.0.5.157. Result: By non-target metabolomics we identified 14 organic acids were identified in rice root exudates across growth stages in response to zinc. Random Forest analysis’s variable importance plot consistently highlights nicotinic acid in Karuppunel, regardless of zinc conditions. Karuppunel exhibits higher proton efflux of 4.23 and 5.12 ìmole H+ g fresh weight-1 h-1 followed by CO51 i.e., 3.76 and 4.14 ìmole H+ g fresh weight-1 h-1 under +Zn and -Zn respectively, while ADT39 shows lower proton efflux. Despite varying zinc conditions, root length increases across stages, with Karuppunel consistently having the highest length, particularly at grain-filling of 16.65 cm under +Zn and 15.75 cm under -Zn. Understanding these physiological changes may contribute valuable insights for breeders in designing zinc nutrient acquisition-focused breeding programs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503872,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}