Indian Journal of Virology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative proteomics analysis of mice lymphocytes in early stages of infection by different strains of rabies virus.","authors":"Behrouz Vaziri,&nbsp;Fatemeh Torkashvand,&nbsp;Naser Eslami,&nbsp;Ahmad Fayaz","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0093-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0093-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The CNS immune response to rabies virus has been shown to be influenced by virulence of the virus strains. There is no comprehensive report of the peripheral immune response against different strains of rabies virus. In this report we used a comparative proteome analysis to find the early events in the spleen lymphocytes of mice infected by a street strain and an attenuated strain of the rabies virus. Differentially expressed proteins were identified which play important biological roles such as T and B lymphocyte activation (coronin 1), antiviral activity (peroxiredoxin 1), and cytoskeletal reorganization (cofilin 1). These results could be strong hints of early divergence on peripheral immune response under influence of viral strain and their pathogenicity. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"311-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13337-012-0093-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31918080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prokaryotic expression and purification of highly soluble partial glycoprotein erns of Indian strain of classical Swine Fever virus.","authors":"A Ahuja,&nbsp;A Sen,&nbsp;R Yogisharadhya,&nbsp;K K Rajak,&nbsp;S B Shivachandra","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0110-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0110-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera, caused by a positive stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is highly contagious and fatal disease of pigs. We report the novel design of construct for production of highly soluble glycoprotein Erns fragment using prokaryotic expression system. A truncated fragment of the Erns gene (coding for aa 109-170) denoted as 'Erns-Ag' was subcloned and expressed as hexa-histidine tag fusion on both terminus of protein in Escherichia coli. The highly soluble recombinant Erns-Ag protein with purity >95 % was purified by one step Ni-NTA affinity chromatography under native condition. Anti Erns-Ag polyclonal antibodies raised in guinea pig was found to react with CSFV antigen in infected MDCK cell line during immunoperoxidase test. The described methodology of producing a highly soluble recombinant protein with native conformation would likely to assist in development of differential diagnostic test as well as its application in raising hyperimmune sera for detection of CSFV antigen either in tissue materials or infected cell lines. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"397-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13337-012-0110-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31916405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Hepatitis C virus in Southern India Based on 5'UTR Sequence.","authors":"R Amjesh,&nbsp;Achuthsankar S Nair,&nbsp;V S Sugunan","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0103-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0103-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits genotype-specific variations in geographical distribution as a consequence of drug and immune induced evolution. Present study was aimed at discerning the distribution and prevalence of the various genotypes and subtypes of HCV in southern India. The HCV positive patient's serum was collected from different hospitals and blood banks from the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Among 114 HCV positive samples, we could find only 44 isolates that are found both positive in ELISA and RT-PCR. From these samples 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) were amplified, sequenced and sub typed. Analysis of 5'UTR region of the 44 isolates shows that, genotypes 1, 3, 4 and 6 are present with genotype 3 being the most frequent. The present study shows that HCV genotype 3 subtype B was the most prevalent, forming 47.7 % among the population in southern India. The present study urges for discovering novel therapeutic agents that should be specific to genotype 3 subtype B, for the management of HCV in southern India. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"349-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13337-012-0103-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31918085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Partial Characterization of Lettuce big vein associated virus and Mirafiori lettuce big vein virus in Lettuce in Iran.","authors":"E Alemzadeh, K Izadpanah","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0095-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-012-0095-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mirafiori lettuce big vein virus (MiLBVV) and lettuce big vein associated virus (LBVaV) were found in association with big vein disease of lettuce in Iran. Analysis of part of the coat protein (CP) gene of Iranian isolates of LBVaV showed 97.1-100 % nucleotide sequence identity with other LBVaV isolates. Iranian isolates of MiLBVV belonged to subgroup A and showed 88.6-98.8 % nucleotide sequence identity with other isolates of this virus when amplified by PCR primer pair MiLV VP. The occurrence of both viruses in lettuce crop was associated with the presence of resting spores and zoosporangia of the fungus Olpidium brassicae in lettuce roots under field and greenhouse conditions. Two months after sowing lettuce seed in soil collected from a lettuce field with big vein affected plants, all seedlings were positive for LBVaV and MiLBVV, indicating soil transmission of both viruses. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"354-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550787/pdf/13337_2012_Article_95.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31918086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Characterization of Interferon Regulation Element of Hepatitis B virus Genome In Vivo.","authors":"Feng-Jun Liu,&nbsp;En-Qiang Chen,&nbsp;Qiao-Ling Zhou,&nbsp;Tao-You Zhou,&nbsp;Cong Liu,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Xing Cheng,&nbsp;Hong Tang","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0091-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0091-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The roles of interferon regulatory element (IRE) in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome on inhibitory effect of interferon against HBV are controversial in vitro. This study aimed to determine the functional characterization of HBV-IRE sequence in vivo. Wild-type or IRE-mutant HBV replication-competent mice were firstly established, and mice were subquently treated with polyinosinic-polytidylin acid (polyI.C) or phosphate-buffered saline via intraperitoneal. Results showed that PolyI.C inhibited viral replication, and increased the level of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthase mRNA transcripts, a marker of INF-α/β induction. Between wild-type and IRE-mutant HBV replication-competent mice, the levels of HBV-RNA and HBV-DNA replication intermediates were similar. After PolyI.C treatment, the decreasing of HBV-RNA was similar between two groups, but HBV-DNA replication intermediates decreased significantly less in IRE-mutant than wild-type HBV replication-competent mice. These findings suggested that IRE mutant reduced the inhibitory effect of interferon on HBV replication, which played a role in antiviral effect of interferon against HBV. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"278-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13337-012-0091-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31917659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Immunological Protection of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Live Virus Infection than Split Vaccine Against the Homologous Virus for Long Term Immunization in Ferret.","authors":"Lingjun Zhan, Wei Deng, Linlin Bao, Qi Lv, Chunmei Ma, Fengdi Li, Lili Xu, Chuan Qin","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0076-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-012-0076-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was to evaluate the long term immunological efficacy of pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza live virus infection and split vaccine against the homologous virus challenge in ferrets. Antibodies in ferrets were monitored by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for 200 days, the HI titers of both infected-only and vaccinated plus infected ferrets could maintain a high level for at least 182 days, without significant difference between the two infected groups. While one-dose and two-dose vaccinated ferrets could last a moderate antibody titers for 81 days, with its peak value at day 7 post immunization. After the virus challenge at day 207, the two groups of vaccinated ferrets shed virus for longer time than the two infected groups, while the latter two groups basically did not shed any virus particles. Furthermore, the vaccinated and infected ferrets which were sacrificed at day 211 exerted moderate immune protection against the challenge by alleviating clinical signs and lung lesion without obvious difference between groups. These data supported that both one-dose and two-dose vaccination of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) split vaccine conferred a moderate protection against challenge after 207 days, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Either the infected only or vaccinated plus infected ones exerted more effective protective immune than one-dose and two-dose vaccination against the challenge, especially in preventing virus shedding, and vaccination primed before infection had no additional efficacy. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"270-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550788/pdf/13337_2012_Article_76.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31917658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Application of Polyclonal Antibodies Against Recombinant Capsid Protein of Extra Small Virus of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.","authors":"V Neethi,&nbsp;N Sivakumar,&nbsp;Kundan Kumar,&nbsp;K V Rajendran,&nbsp;M Makesh","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0090-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0090-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus along with a satellite virus, extra small virus (XSV) causes white tail disease (WTD) in the giant freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii. Infected M. rosenbergii postlarvae were collected from a hatchery in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. The gene coding the capsid protein of XSV was cloned in a bacterial expression vector pRSET A and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS cells. The recombinant protein was purified by Nickel affinity chromatography. Polyclonal antibodies were produced in mice against the recombinant protein and the antibodies reacted specifically with the recombinant protein and XSV in WTD-infected tissues. This is the first report of detection of XSV using antibodies against recombinant capsid protein. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"374-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13337-012-0090-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31916995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Non-Structural Protein, 3D in Insect Cells and its Application in Detection of Anti-FMDV Antibodies.","authors":"Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;M Hosamani,&nbsp;B P Sreenivasa,&nbsp;Anil Kotyal,&nbsp;R Venkataramanan","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0098-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0098-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-structural proteins (NSPs) based diagnostics are useful for large-scale sero-surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and to monitor viral activity as a follow up to the vaccination campaign in FMD endemic countries like India which aim at disease control through vaccination. These diagnostics are also handy in the serology of import/export of cloven-footed animals. In the present study, non-structural protein RNA polymerase (3D gene) of FMD virus (FMDV) was expressed using baculovirus expression system. Protein expression was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by its immuno-reactivity with serum from a FMDV infected bovine, in the western blot. Recombinant 3D protein was purified and evaluated in the indirect ELISA with 1072 cattle serum samples. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay were found to be 92 and 100 %, respectively, when tested with cattle sera of known FMD status. The 3D based ELISA developed here is useful for screening the animals as an adjunct to other NSP based diagnostics available for routine serosurveillance of FMD. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 3","pages":"326-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13337-012-0098-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31918082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monodon baculovirus of shrimp.","authors":"K V Rajendran,&nbsp;M Makesh,&nbsp;I Karunasagar","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0086-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0086-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the viruses infecting penaeid shrimp, monodon-type baculovirus (MBV) otherwise known as Penaeus monodon singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (PmSNPV), is one of the widely reported and well described viruses. It is a rod-shaped, enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus, and considered till recently, as the type A baculovirus. Besides MBV, two strains of SNPV are reported-plebejus baculovirus and bennettae baculovirus. MBV was reported to be originated from Taiwan and has wide geographic distribution and is reported to be enzootic in wild penaeids of the Indo-pacific coasts of Asia. The virus also has diverse host-range including a variety of cultured and captured shrimp species and freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. MBV has been reported in all life stages of P. monodon with late larval, postlarval and young juvenile as the most susceptible stages/ages. However, MBV has not been documented in early larval stages. Although MBV has been reported to be tolerated well by shrimp, the infection has been attributed to decreased productivity. The target organs or tissues of MBV are the hepatopancreatic tubules and duct epithelium of postlarvae, juveniles and adults, and the anterior midgut epithelium of very young postlarvae. The prominent clinical sign of infection is the presence of multiple spherical inclusion bodies in the hepatopancreas and midgut epithelial cells. The major mode of transmission of the virus is horizontal through oral exposure to occlusion bodies, contaminated tissues or fomites. Minor morphometric variation of the virus has been reported among different isolates. The rod-shaped enveloped virus particles range from 265-324 nm in length and 42-77 nm in diameter. Although complete genome sequence of MBV is not available, nucleic acid of MBV is circular, double-stranded DNA with a genome size ranging from 80 to 160 kbp. The virus codes for a 53 kDa major polyhedrin polypeptide and two minor 47 and 49 kDa polypeptides. A variety of diagnostic tools have been reported for this virus including real-time PCR and LAMP-based detection. Taxonomic position is still uncertain and International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses lists MBV as a tentative species named PemoNPV in the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus. However, according to the latest genomic information on the virus, it has been suggested to create a new group of non-occluded bacilliform viruses called nudiviruses with MBV as one of the members. The aim of the current work is to describe the knowledge on the status, distribution and host-range, pathology, transmission, virus structure and morphogenesis, genomic characteristics, diagnosis and the latest taxonomic position of MBV. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 2","pages":"149-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13337-012-0086-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31700558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral metagenomics: a tool for virus discovery and diversity in aquaculture.","authors":"S V Alavandi, M Poornima","doi":"10.1007/s13337-012-0075-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13337-012-0075-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses are abundant biological entities on earth and the emergence of viral pathogens has become a serious threat to aquaculture and fisheries worldwide. However, our response to viral pathogens has been largely reactive, in the sense that a new pathogen is usually not discovered until it has already reached epidemic proportions. Current diagnostic methods such as PCR, immunological assays and pan-viral microarrays are limited in their ability to identify novel viruses. In this context, the knowledge on the diversity of viruses in healthy and disease situations becomes important for understanding their role on the health of animals in aquaculture species. Viral metagenomics, which involves viral purification and shotgun sequencing, has proven to be useful for understanding viral diversity and describing novel viruses in new diseases and has been recognized as an important tool for discovering novel viruses in human and veterinary medicine. With the advancements in sequencing technology and development of bioinformatics tools for nucleic acid sequence assembly and annotation, information on novel viruses and diversity of viruses in marine ecosystems has been rapidly expanding through viral metagenomics. Novel circoviruses and RNA viruses in Tampa bay pink shrimp, annelovirus in sea lion, picornavirus in ringed seals and several new viruses of marine animals have been recently described using viral metagenomics and this tool has been also recently used in describing viral diversity in aquaculture ponds. Further, a large amount of information has been generated on the diversity of viruses in the marine environment using viral metagenomics during the last decade. There exists a great potential with viral metagenomics for discovering novel viruses in asymptomatic marine candidate animals of aquaculture/mariculture, some of which may assume pathogenic status under high density culture and stress. Additionally, viral metagenomics can help our understanding of viruses present in aquaculture/mariculture settings and routine pathogen surveillance programmes. </p>","PeriodicalId":50370,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Virology","volume":"23 2","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550753/pdf/13337_2012_Article_75.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31701662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}