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Experimental Study on Evolution of Chemical Structure Defects and Secondary Contaminative Deposition during HF-Based Etching 基于高频的蚀刻过程中化学结构缺陷演变和二次污染沉积的实验研究
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050479
Xiao Shen, Feng Shi, Shuo Qiao, Xing Peng, Ying Xiong
{"title":"Experimental Study on Evolution of Chemical Structure Defects and Secondary Contaminative Deposition during HF-Based Etching","authors":"Xiao Shen, Feng Shi, Shuo Qiao, Xing Peng, Ying Xiong","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050479","url":null,"abstract":"Post-processing based on HF etching has become a highly preferred technique in the fabrication of fused silica optical elements in various high-power laser systems. Previous studies have thoroughly examined and confirmed the elimination of fragments and contamination. However, limited attention has been paid to nano-sized chemical structural defects and secondary precursors that arise during the etching process. Therefore, in this paper, a set of fused silica samples are prepared and undergo the etching process under different parameters. Subsequently, an atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope and fluorescence spectrometer are applied to analyze sample surfaces, and then an LIDT test based on the R-on-1 method is applied. The findings revealed that appropriate etching configurations will lead to certain LIDT improvement (from initial 7.22 J/cm2 to 10.76 J/cm2), and HF-based etching effectively suppresses chemical structural defects, while additional processes are recommended for the elimination of micron- to nano-sized secondary deposition contamination.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"26 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbon Dot-Decorated Polystyrene Microspheres for Whispering-Gallery Mode Biosensing 用于悄声画廊模式生物传感的碳点装饰聚苯乙烯微球
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050480
Anton A. Starovoytov, Evgeniia O. Soloveva, Kamilla Kurassova, Kirill V. Bogdanov, I. Arefina, Natalia N. Shevchenko, T. Vartanyan, Daler R. Dadadzhanov, Nikita A. Toropov
{"title":"Carbon Dot-Decorated Polystyrene Microspheres for Whispering-Gallery Mode Biosensing","authors":"Anton A. Starovoytov, Evgeniia O. Soloveva, Kamilla Kurassova, Kirill V. Bogdanov, I. Arefina, Natalia N. Shevchenko, T. Vartanyan, Daler R. Dadadzhanov, Nikita A. Toropov","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050480","url":null,"abstract":"Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators doped with fluorescent materials find impressive applications in biological sensing. They do not require special conditions for the excitation of WGM inside that provide the basis for in vivo sensing. Currently, the problem of materials for in vivo WGM sensors are substantial since their fluorescence should have stable optical properties as well as they should be biocompatible. To address this we present WGM microresonators of 5–7 μm, where the dopant is made of carbon quantum dots (CDs). CDs are biocompatible since they are produced from carbon and demonstrate bright optical emission, which shows different bands depending on the excitation wavelength. The WGM sensors developed here were tested as label-free biosensors by detecting bovine serum albumin molecules. The results showed WGM frequency shifting, with the limit of detection down to 10−16 M level.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"100 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Training a Dataset Simulated Using RGB Images for an End-to-End Event-Based DoLP Recovery Network 为基于事件的端到端 DoLP 恢复网络训练一个使用 RGB 图像模拟的数据集
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050481
C. Yan, Xia Wang, Xin Zhang, Cong Wang, Qiyang Sun, Yifan Zuo
{"title":"Training a Dataset Simulated Using RGB Images for an End-to-End Event-Based DoLP Recovery Network","authors":"C. Yan, Xia Wang, Xin Zhang, Cong Wang, Qiyang Sun, Yifan Zuo","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050481","url":null,"abstract":"Event cameras are bio-inspired neuromorphic sensors that have emerged in recent years, with advantages such as high temporal resolutions, high dynamic ranges, low latency, and low power consumption. Event cameras can be used to build event-based imaging polarimeters, overcoming the limited frame rates and low dynamic ranges of existing systems. Since events cannot provide absolute brightness intensity in different angles of polarization (AoPs), degree of linear polarization (DoLP) recovery in non-division-of-time (non-DoT) event-based imaging polarimeters is an ill-posed problem. Thus, we need a data-driven deep learning approach. Deep learning requires large amounts of data for training, and constructing a dataset for event-based non-DoT imaging polarimeters requires significant resources, scenarios, and time. We propose a method for generating datasets using simulated polarization distributions from existing red–green–blue images. Combined with event simulator V2E, the proposed method can easily construct large datasets for network training. We also propose an end-to-end event-based DoLP recovery network to solve the problem of DoLP recovery using event-based non-DoT imaging polarimeters. Finally, we construct a division-of-time event-based imaging polarimeter simulating an event-based four-channel non-DoT imaging polarimeter. Using real-world polarization events and DoLP ground truths, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed simulation method and network.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensing Characteristic Analysis of All-Dielectric Metasurfaces Based on Fano Resonance in Near-Infrared Regime 基于法诺共振的全介质金属表面的近红外传感特性分析
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050482
Yongpeng Zhao, Qingfubo Geng, Jian Liu, Zhaoxin Geng
{"title":"Sensing Characteristic Analysis of All-Dielectric Metasurfaces Based on Fano Resonance in Near-Infrared Regime","authors":"Yongpeng Zhao, Qingfubo Geng, Jian Liu, Zhaoxin Geng","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050482","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, all-dielectric metasurface, featuring a missing wedge-shaped nanodisk, is proposed to investigate optical characteristics. By introducing symmetry-breaking to induce Fano resonance, the metasurface achieves an impressive Q-factor of 1202 in the near-infrared spectrum, with a remarkably narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 1 nm. The ability to adjust the wavelength resonance by manipulating the structure of the wedge-shaped nanodisk offers a simple and efficient approach for metasurface design. This breakthrough holds great potential for various applications in sensing and optical filtering, marking a significant advancement in the field of nanophotonics.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"59 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Polarization Distribution and Spin Angular Momentum of the Interference Field Obtained by Co-Planar Beams with Linear and Circular Polarization 分析线性和圆极化共面光束获得的干涉场的极化分布和自旋角动量
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050478
S. N. Khonina, Andrey V. Ustinov, Alexey P. Porfirev, S. Karpeev
{"title":"Analysis of the Polarization Distribution and Spin Angular Momentum of the Interference Field Obtained by Co-Planar Beams with Linear and Circular Polarization","authors":"S. N. Khonina, Andrey V. Ustinov, Alexey P. Porfirev, S. Karpeev","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050478","url":null,"abstract":"Interference of two and four light beams with linear or circular polarization is studied analytically and numerically based on the Richards–Wolf formalism. We consider such characteristics of the interference fields as the distribution of intensity, polarization, and spin angular momentum density. The generation of light fields with 1D and 2D periodic structure of both intensity and polarization is demonstrated. We can control the periodic structure both by changing the polarization state of the interfering beams and by changing the numerical aperture of focusing. We consider examples with a basic configuration, as well as those with a certain symmetry in the polarization state of the interfering beams. In some cases, increasing the numerical aperture of the focusing system significantly affects the generated distributions of both intensity and polarization. Experimental results, obtained using a polarization video camera, are in good agreement with the simulation results. The considered light fields can be used in laser processing of thin films of photosensitive (as well as polarization-sensitive) materials in order to create arrays of various ordered nano- and microstructures.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Fast Time Synchronization Method for Large Scale LEO Satellite Networks Based on A Bionic Algorithm 基于仿生算法的大规模低地轨道卫星网络快速时间同步方法
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050475
Yue Xu, Tao Dong, Jie Yin, Ziyong Zhang, Zhihui Liu, Hao Jiang, Jing Wu
{"title":"A Fast Time Synchronization Method for Large Scale LEO Satellite Networks Based on A Bionic Algorithm","authors":"Yue Xu, Tao Dong, Jie Yin, Ziyong Zhang, Zhihui Liu, Hao Jiang, Jing Wu","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050475","url":null,"abstract":"A fast time synchronization method for large-scale LEO satellite networks based on a bionic algorithm is proposed. Because the inter-satellite links are continuously established and interrupted due to the relative motion of the satellites, the topology of the LEO satellite networks is time varying. Firstly, according to the ephemeris information in navigation messages, a connection table which records the connections between satellites is generated. Then, based on the connection table, the current satellite network topology is calculated and generated. Furthermore, a bionic algorithm is used to select some satellites as time source nodes and calculate the hierarchy of the clock transmission tree. By taking the minimum level of the time transmission tree as the optimization objective, the time source nodes and the clock stratums of the whole satellite networks are obtained. Finally, the onboard computational center broadcasts the time layer table to all the satellites in the LEO satellite networks and the time synchronization links can be established or recovered fast.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chirped Integrated Bragg Grating Design 啁啾集成布拉格光栅设计
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050476
José Ángel Praena, Alejandro Carballar
{"title":"Chirped Integrated Bragg Grating Design","authors":"José Ángel Praena, Alejandro Carballar","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050476","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the two classic methods for chirped Integrated Bragg Gratings (IBGs) in Silicon-on-Insulator technology using the transfer matrix method based on the effective refractive index (neff) technique, which translates the geometry of an IBG into a matrix of neff depending on the wavelength. We also implement a procedure that allows engineering of the chirped IBG parameters, given a required bandwidth (BW) and group delay (GD). Finally, a complementary method for designing chirped IBG is proposed, showing a significant improvement in the bandwidth of the device or a moderation in the variation of the geometrical parameters of the grating.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Broadband High-Linear FMCW Light Source Based on Spectral Stitching 基于光谱拼接的宽带高线性 FMCW 光源
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050477
Liang Sun, Xinguang Zhou, Haohao Zhao, Shichang Xu, Zihan Wu, G. Yuan, Zhuoran Wang
{"title":"Broadband High-Linear FMCW Light Source Based on Spectral Stitching","authors":"Liang Sun, Xinguang Zhou, Haohao Zhao, Shichang Xu, Zihan Wu, G. Yuan, Zhuoran Wang","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050477","url":null,"abstract":"The key to realizing a high-performance frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser frequency-sweeping light source is how to extend the frequency-swept bandwidth and eliminate the effect of nonlinearity. To solve these issues, this paper designs a broadband high-linear FMCW frequency-sweeping light source system based on the combination of fixed temperature control and digital optoelectronic phase-locked loop (PLL), which controls the temperatures of the two lasers separately and attempts to achieve the coarse spectral stitching based on a time-division multiplexing scheme. Furthermore, we uses the PLL to correct the frequency error more specifically after the coarse stitching, which achieves the spectrum fine stitching and, meanwhile, realizes the nonlinearity correction. The experimental results show that our scheme can successfully achieve bandwidth expansion and nonlinearity correction, and the sweeping bandwidth is twice as much as that of the original single laser. The full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the FMCW output is reduced from 150 kHz to 6.1 kHz, which exhibits excellent nonlinear correction performance. The relative error of the FMCW ranging system based on this frequency-swept light source is also reduced from 1.628% to 0.673%. Therefore, our frequency-swept light source with excellent performance has a promising application in the FMCW laser ranging system.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization-Dependent Fiber Metasurface with Beam Collimating and Deflecting 具有光束准直和偏转功能的偏振相关光纤元面
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050474
Yuemin Ma, Di Sang, Yi Lin, Q. An, Zhanshan Sun, Yunqi Fu
{"title":"Polarization-Dependent Fiber Metasurface with Beam Collimating and Deflecting","authors":"Yuemin Ma, Di Sang, Yi Lin, Q. An, Zhanshan Sun, Yunqi Fu","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050474","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces can arbitrarily manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of optical fields on subwavelength scales. Due to their arbitrary manipulation and compact size, the metasurface can be well integrated with optical fibers. Herein, we demonstrate a polarization-dependent metasurface using birefringent meta-atoms, which can independently control X- and Y-polarization incident light. Each meta-atom allows for the division of phase into 16 steps ranging from 0 to 2π for both X- and Y-polarization, resulting in 256 nanopillars selected from the meta-atom library to satisfy the required phase. With the different effective refractive indices of the cuboid meta-atoms along the X- and Y-axis, we can achieve collimation of the X-polarization emitted beam from an optical fiber while deflecting orthogonally polarized light. As a result, the proposed metasurface collimates an X-polarized beam with a beam radius of 20 μm at z = 1 mm and 43.9 μm at z = 2 mm. Additionally, the metasurface can effectively deflect the Y-polarized beam to 36.01°, consistent with the results of the theoretical computation. The proposed metasurface exhibits a deflection efficiency of 55.6% for Y-polarized beams with a relative polarization efficiency of 82.2%, while the efficiency for the X-polarization is 71.4%. Our work is considered a promising application for optical communication, sensing, and quantum measurement.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"105 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanosecond Laser Fabrication of Dammann Grating-like Structure on Glass for Bessel-Beam Array Generation 用纳秒激光在玻璃上制作用于生成贝塞尔光束阵列的达曼光栅样结构
Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050473
Prasenjit Praharaj, Manoj Kumar Bhuyan
{"title":"Nanosecond Laser Fabrication of Dammann Grating-like Structure on Glass for Bessel-Beam Array Generation","authors":"Prasenjit Praharaj, Manoj Kumar Bhuyan","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050473","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of optical beam arrays with prospective uses within the realms of microscopy, photonics, non-linear optics, and material processing often requires Dammann gratings. Here, we report the direct fabrication of one- and two-dimensional Dammann grating-like structures on soda lime glass using a nanosecond pulsed laser beam with a 1064 nm wavelength. Using the fabricated grating, an axicon lens, and an optical magnification system, we propose a scheme of generation of a diverging array of zero-order Bessel beams with a sub-micron-size central core, extending longitudinally over several hundred microns. Two different grating fabrication strategies are also proposed to control the number of Bessel beams in an array. It was demonstrated that Bessel beams of 12 degrees conical half-angle in an array of up to [5 × 5] dimensions can be generated using a suitable combination of Dammann grating, axicon lens and focusing optics.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"115 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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