Photonics最新文献_第3页

Acquiring Gamma-Ray Energy Spectrum Using a Plastic Scintillation Optical Fiber Detector 利用塑料闪烁光纤探测器采集伽马射线能谱

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060493

Siwon Song, Jae Hyung Park, Jinhong Kim, Seunghyeon Kim, Seokhyeon Jegal, Sangjun Lee, Bongsoo Lee

{"title":"Acquiring Gamma-Ray Energy Spectrum Using a Plastic Scintillation Optical Fiber Detector","authors":"Siwon Song, Jae Hyung Park, Jinhong Kim, Seunghyeon Kim, Seokhyeon Jegal, Sangjun Lee, Bongsoo Lee","doi":"10.3390/photonics11060493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060493","url":null,"abstract":"The plastic scintillation optical fiber (PSOF) detector, characterized by its large contact area with measurement targets, effectively detects and quantifies radiation in diverse radiation-contaminated areas and liquid environments. While it is extensively utilized for measuring alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiations, comprehensive documentation on the spectrum measurement and energy calibration methods for gamma nuclides has not been reported. Accurate energy calibration is crucial for the precise quantification of radiation doses from various sources. The pulse-height spectrum produced by the PSOF detector does not display a Compton maximum because of the significant Gaussian energy broadening. Additionally, this spectrum compresses as the distance increases between the radiation source and the light measurement device. In this study, the energy spectrum of a PSOF for gamma nuclides was characterized by energy calibrations using Compton edge (CE). The CE channel in the measurement spectrum of the PSOF detector for three gamma nuclides was identified using the first-order differentiation method. This technique was successfully applied to spectra measured at various radiation source positions to determine the attenuation coefficients. The proposed energy calibration method allows for the conversion of pulse-height spectra obtained from alpha, beta, and neutron radiation measured with PSOF detectors into energy spectra.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of Reducing Atmospheric Turbulence-Induced Beam Wander of a Twisted Electromagnetic Elliptical Vortex Beam 减少大气湍流诱发的扭曲电磁椭圆涡旋光束漂移的研究

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060492

Kai Huang, Yonggen Xu, Yuqiang Li, Jin Cao

{"title":"Study of Reducing Atmospheric Turbulence-Induced Beam Wander of a Twisted Electromagnetic Elliptical Vortex Beam","authors":"Kai Huang, Yonggen Xu, Yuqiang Li, Jin Cao","doi":"10.3390/photonics11060492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060492","url":null,"abstract":"We derive the analytical expressions for root-mean-square (rms) beam wander (BW) and relative BW of a twisted electromagnetic elliptical vortex (TEEV) beam propagating through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence with the help of the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle and the second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function (WDF). Our numerical findings demonstrate that the BW of a TEEV beam with a small ellipticity, a large topological charge as well as a small waist width and initial coherent length is less affected by the turbulence. It can be also found that the effect of turbulence with a larger outer scale of turbulence, a generalized exponent parameter, and a generalized structure parameter on BW is more obvious. It is interesting to find that the effect of atmospheric turbulence on BW for a TEEV beam can be effectively reduced by regulating jointly the symbols and sizes of the twisted factor and topological charge. Therefore, modulation of the structure parameters of a TEEV beam provides a new way to mitigate turbulence-induced beam wander. Our work will be useful for free-space optical communications, remote sensing, and lidar distance measurement.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Light-Emitting Diodes and Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes and Their Applications 发光二极管和紫外线发光二极管及其应用综述

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060491

Trailokya Bhattarai, A. Ebong, Mohammad Yasin Akhtar Raja

{"title":"A Review of Light-Emitting Diodes and Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes and Their Applications","authors":"Trailokya Bhattarai, A. Ebong, Mohammad Yasin Akhtar Raja","doi":"10.3390/photonics11060491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060491","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an extensive literature review on Light-Emitting Diode (LED) fundamentals and discusses the historical development of LEDs, focusing on the material selection, design employed, and modifications used in increasing the light output. It traces the evolutionary trajectory of the efficiency enhancement of ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, and red LEDs. It rigorously examines the diverse applications of LEDs, spanning from solid-state lighting to cutting-edge display technology, and their emerging role in microbial deactivation. A detailed overview of current trends and prospects in lighting and display technology is presented. Using the literature, this review offers valuable insights into the application of UV LEDs for microbial and potential viral disinfection. It conducts an in-depth exploration of the various microorganism responses to UV radiation based on the existing literature. Furthermore, the review investigates UV LED-based systems for water purification and surface disinfection. A prospective design for a solar-powered UV LED disinfection system is also delineated. The primary objective of this review article is to organize and synthesize pivotal information from the literature, offering a concise and focused overview of LED applications. From our review, we can conclude that the efficiency of LEDs has continuously increased since its invention and researchers are searching for methods to increase efficiency further. The demand for LED lighting and display applications is continuously increasing. Our analysis reveals an exciting horizon in microbial disinfection, where the integration of UV LED systems with cutting-edge technologies such as sensors, solar power, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and artificial intelligence algorithms promises high levels of precision and efficacy in disinfection practices. This contribution sets the stage for future research endeavors in the domain of viral disinfection using solar-powered UV LED modules for universal applications.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-Time Tracking of Photovoltaics by Differential Absorption Imaging in Optical Wireless Power Transmission 在光学无线电力传输中利用差分吸收成像技术实时跟踪光伏设备

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060490

K. Asaba, Tomoyuki Miyamoto

{"title":"Real-Time Tracking of Photovoltaics by Differential Absorption Imaging in Optical Wireless Power Transmission","authors":"K. Asaba, Tomoyuki Miyamoto","doi":"10.3390/photonics11060490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060490","url":null,"abstract":"In the future, wireless power transmission is expected to cover power levels ranging from milliwatts to megawatts and over distances of a few meters to kilometers for both stationary and moving photovoltaic (PV) targets. Optical wireless power transmission (OWPT) is a promising solution for such multi-scale systems, which use the narrow beam divergence of light. To enhance the efficiency of power generation in PV targets, real-time detection of the target’s position and attitude is crucial for OWPT systems. The authors propose detecting the PV using differential absorption images as one such method. This paper investigates algorithms for tracking moving PV targets and evaluates their performance. The first algorithm combines thresholds with an autoregressive (AR) model, while the other two use estimation with Kalman filters. The comparison of tracking algorithms can be undertaken using a score function based on the position estimation error. The evaluation results indicate that the AR model combined with thresholds, on average, outperforms the other models. There was no significant difference between the approach involving use of a Kalman filter to estimate positions based on a uniform motion model and the approach involving use of a Kalman filter to estimate the AR model. The authors’ series of studies, from a former high-level requirement study to the current target tracking using differential absorption imaging, has verified a concept for one of the crucial processes in OWPT. These works form a step toward the practical implementation of OWPT systems.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"58 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: A Review 受激拉曼散射显微镜：综述

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060489

R. Ranjan, L. Sirleto

引用次数: 0

Polycationic Photosensitizers as Effective Anticancer Agents That Destroy Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Vascularization and Induce Protective Desmoplastic Reaction around Lung Cancers 多阳离子光敏剂是有效的抗癌剂，能破坏癌症干细胞和癌症血管，并诱导肺癌周围的保护性去瘤反应

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060485

E. Kogan, Gennady Meerovich, Saida Karshieva, E. Makarova, I. Romanishkin, Ekaterina Akhlyustina, Irina Meerovich, N. Zharkov, Sergey Kharnas, Vladimir Levkin, Sofya Demura, Zhilong Chen, V. Loschenov, Igor Reshetov

引用次数: 0

Repeatable Passive Fiber Optic Coupling of Single-Mode Waveguides in High-Precision Disposable Photonic Biosensors 高精度一次性光子生物传感器中单模波导的可重复无源光纤耦合

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060488

J. Reck, Laurids von Emden, K. Mihov, M. Kresse, M. Weigel, T. Qian, Csongor Keuer, Philipp Winklhofer, Marcel Amberg, D. de Felipe, C. Zawadzki, M. Kleinert, N. Keil, M. Schell

{"title":"Repeatable Passive Fiber Optic Coupling of Single-Mode Waveguides in High-Precision Disposable Photonic Biosensors","authors":"J. Reck, Laurids von Emden, K. Mihov, M. Kresse, M. Weigel, T. Qian, Csongor Keuer, Philipp Winklhofer, Marcel Amberg, D. de Felipe, C. Zawadzki, M. Kleinert, N. Keil, M. Schell","doi":"10.3390/photonics11060488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060488","url":null,"abstract":"This research demonstrates a method for the repeatable passive fiber optic coupling of single-mode waveguides with a micron-scale accuracy for high-precision disposables. The aim is to broaden the application of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) from traditional fiber optic communication systems to include medical, life science, and environmental sensing applications. The proposed passive coupling system enables the straightforward and reliable interchange of disposable photonic chips without manual read-out unit adjustments. Robustness is attributed to the chip-side grating couplers with 3 dB coupling tolerances exceeding ± 25 µm and a mechanical three-groove kinematic method ensuring precise alignment. The system simplicity is highlighted by the simple manual insertion and fixation of silicon nitride (Si3N4) PICs on a carrier using magnetic force and passive alignment features. Testing on a batch of 99 identical yet independent units revealed a standard deviation (SD) of 5.1 dB in coupling loss, without realignment post-calibration. This eliminates the need for active alignment processes, showing its potential for enabling field use. A usability assessment with five untrained operators confirms the suitability for various end-users, with consistent performance in engaging and disengaging disposable PICs. The research significantly advances the integration of photonic sensor technology into practical applications, particularly for chemical and biological fluid analysis in point-of-care settings.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"35 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Humidity Sensing Using a Multimode Fiber Ring Laser with Thermal Compensation 使用带有热补偿功能的多模光纤环形激光器进行湿度传感

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060484

Shaonian Ma, Qiang Ji, Xian Zhao, Zengguang Qin, Zhaojun Liu, Yanping Xu

{"title":"Humidity Sensing Using a Multimode Fiber Ring Laser with Thermal Compensation","authors":"Shaonian Ma, Qiang Ji, Xian Zhao, Zengguang Qin, Zhaojun Liu, Yanping Xu","doi":"10.3390/photonics11060484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060484","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a multimode fiber laser sensor utilizing PI-SMF (polyimide-coated single mode fiber) for low-error relative humidity (RH) measurement, which is temperature compensated based on FBG. The PI-SMF in the laser cavity is used as a sensing element, and its length varies with humidity and temperature by volume-variation induced strain, which leads to frequency shift of the longitudinal mode beat frequency signal (BFS). When the 2000 MHz BFS is selected as the sensing signal, a RH sensitivity of −2.68 kHz/%RH and a temperature sensitivity of −14.05 kHz/°C are achieved. The peak shift of the FBG-based laser emission spectrum is only sensitive to temperature rather than RH with a temperature sensitivity of 9.95 pm/°C, which is used as the temperature compensation for RH measurements. By monitoring the response of the BFS and the laser wavelength, the cross-sensitivity effect of RH and temperature is overcome, and low-error RH measurement in the temperature range of 20 to 65 °C is realized with errors within ±0.67 %RH (25 to 85 %RH). The scheme does not require the design and production of complex structures and hygroscopic material coating processes, owning the advantages of simple structure, easy operation and high accuracy, and is expected to be practically applied in food safety and environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Illuminating Life Sciences: A Biophysical Guide to the Use of Chromatic and White Light Sources in Photobiology 照亮生命科学：在光生物学中使用色光和白光光源的生物物理学指南

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11060487

Mira Mutschlechner, Harald Schöbel

{"title":"Illuminating Life Sciences: A Biophysical Guide to the Use of Chromatic and White Light Sources in Photobiology","authors":"Mira Mutschlechner, Harald Schöbel","doi":"10.3390/photonics11060487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060487","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing availability of LEDs, researchers in photobiology have easier access to customized light sources. However, the abundance of different light sources poses new challenges for the correct characterization of existing light conditions. The photobiological effect of a light source depends mainly on the number of photons involved and the spectral composition. However, light sources are mainly described by parameters such as radiant flux, dominant or peak wavelength, and correlated color temperature (CCT). Therefore, in this work, chromatic and white light sources were measured for their spectral composition, various characterization parameters were determined, and the resulting photon flux densities were calculated, focusing on dominant versus peak wavelength for chromatic LEDs and the CCT for white LEDs and fluorescent tubes. The use of the dominant wavelength is inappropriate as it is partly outside the actual spectral range. It was also shown that white light sources with the same CCT have significantly different spectral compositions and, therefore, may have different photobiological effects. The results of this work should serve as a basis for life scientists to better compare light sources, to correctly interpret existing parameters, and to describe light conditions in a standardized and comparable way.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-Generation Dual Transceiver FSO Communication System for High-Speed Trains in Neom Smart City 用于 Neom 智慧城市高速列车的新一代双收发器 FSO 通信系统

Photonics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/photonics11050483

Yehia Elsawy, Ayshah S. Alatawi, Mohamed Abaza, A. Moawad, El-Hadi M. Aggoune

{"title":"Next-Generation Dual Transceiver FSO Communication System for High-Speed Trains in Neom Smart City","authors":"Yehia Elsawy, Ayshah S. Alatawi, Mohamed Abaza, A. Moawad, El-Hadi M. Aggoune","doi":"10.3390/photonics11050483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050483","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities like Neom require efficient and reliable transportation systems to support their vision of sustainable and interconnected urban environments. High-speed trains (HSTs) play a crucial role in connecting different areas of the city and facilitating seamless mobility. However, to ensure uninterrupted communication along the rail lines, advanced communication systems are essential to expand the coverage range of each base station (BS) while reducing the handover frequency. This paper presents the dual transceiver free space optical (FSO) communication system as a solution to achieve these objectives in the operational environment of HSTs in Neom city. Our channel model incorporates log-normal (LN) and gamma–gamma (GG) distributions to represent channel impairments and atmospheric turbulence in the city. Furthermore, we integrated the siding loop model, providing valuable insights into the system in real-world scenarios. To assess the system’s performance, we formulated the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the network under assumed fading conditions. Additionally, we analyzed the system’s bit error rate (BER) analytically and through Monte Carlo simulation. A comparative analysis with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and relay-assisted FSO communications shows the superior coverage area and efficiency of the dual transceiver model. A significant reduction of up to 76% and 99% in the number of required BSs compared to RIS and relay, respectively, is observed. This reduction leads to fewer handovers and lower capital expenditure (CAPEX) costs.","PeriodicalId":503623,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0