Pozharnaia bezopasnost`最新文献

{"title":"SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RISK INDICATORS OF VIOLATIONS OF FIRE SAFETY MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS","authors":"Дмитрий Сергеевич Адамов, Ольга Дмитриевна Ратникова, Владимир Александрович Сорокин, Евгений Вячеславович Козырев","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.008","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы совершенствования внепланового контроля, осуществляемого органами государственного пожарного надзора, в современных условиях. Проанализировано применение индикаторов риска нарушения обязательных требований пожарной безопасности при проведении органами государственного пожарного надзора внеплановых контрольных (надзорных) мероприятий. Установлены закономерности между нарушением обязательных требований пожарной безопасности и риском причинения вреда охраняемым законом ценностям вследствие пожара. Обосновано применение функциональной модели причинно-следственного отношения для определения индикаторов риска, которые отражают не только высокую вероятность нарушения обязательных требований пожарной безопасности, но и значительный риск причинения вреда охраняемым законом ценностям вследствие таких нарушений. Risk indicators as an element of the risk assessment and management system for causing harm (damage) to legally protected values are markers that indicate a high degree of probability of violation of fire safety mandatory requirements at the protected facility and can be used as a priority source of information on the need for an unscheduled inspection. The algorithm for development of risk indicators used in the implementation of the Federal State Fire Service (FSFS) activities is based on the application of a functional model of causality. This model allows determining risk indicators that reflect a high probability of violation of fire safety mandatory requirements and a significant risk of harm to legally protected values as a result of such violations. The model is based on information from legitimate sources on the characteristics of fire safety activities of protected facilities and data on widespread high-risk (critical) violations of fire safety mandatory requirements.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FIRE SAFETY FEATURES OF HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS AS WELL AS BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES FOR REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF HYDROGEN-FUELLED VEHICLES","authors":"Леонид Петрович Вогман, Максим Михайлович Рукавишников, А.Ю. Хатунцев, Е.А. Воронина","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.011","url":null,"abstract":"Существующая в России нормативная правовая база в области пожарной безопасности не отражает в полной мере требования в отношении объектов водородной энергетики, в частности, водородной инфраструктуры, предназначенной для обслуживания и хранения транспорта, использующего водород в качестве газомоторного топлива. При этом популярность водородного транспорта в мире неуклонно растет. В настоящей работе представлены предложения по совершенствованию нормативных требований к обеспечению пожарной безопасности заправочных станций, зданий и сооружений по ремонту и обслуживанию автомобилей с учетом обращения в них водорода. At present, the Russian Federation is actively discussing the development of hydrogen energy. Despite this, the construction of hydrogen energy facilities, in particular, infrastructure for hydrogen transport, is constrained by the low sophistication of hydrogen transport and storage technologies, its high fire hazard, and the weak development of the regulatory framework in this area. Today, the specialists of the Institute are carrying out a number of research works to develop requirements to ensure fire safety of hydrogen handling facilities. One of the main directions is standardization of hydrogen filling stations, as well as buildings and structures for servicing hydrogen vehicles. This article describes the relevance of the ongoing scientific research, considers the regulatory documents in force in Russia and abroad with regard to motor transport infrastructure facilities, as well as hydrogen handling facilities. The specificity of the fire hazard of hydrogen, the results of scientific research related to the study of this specificity are considered. The result of the work is a list of requirements for hydrogen fuelling stations, buildings and premises for hydrogen transport maintenance and repair.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLOODED JET OF SELF-FOAMING GAS-AEROSOL FOAM WHEN EXTINGUISHING PETROLEUM PRODUCT FIRES IN TANKS BY SUB-LAYER METHOD","authors":"Николай Петрович Копылов, Дмитрий Вячеславович Федоткин, Е.Ю. Сушкина, Е.А. Москвилин","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.001","url":null,"abstract":"Тушение пожаров нефтепродуктов в резервуарах с использованием технологии получения самовспенивающейся газоаэрозоленаполненной пены и подачей ее в слой горючего является наиболее перспективным направлением. В статье проанализированы методы расчета осевой скорости турбулентной затопленной струи в жидкости. Эти методы базируются на решении уравнений Навье-Стокса с привлечением экспериментальных данных. Выполнен расчет осевой скорости струи по разным формулам и для различных уровней взлива нефтепродуктов. Получена хорошая сходимость результатов расчетов и экспериментальных данных. Under-layer extinguishing of petroleum product fires in tanks is widely used in practice, but has a number of significant drawbacks – dissolution of foam in alcohol-containing fuels, failure to penetrate the water cushion and strongly heated layer of fuel. A new extinguishing technology using the technology of self-foaming gas-aerosol foam (SGF) allows to overcome the noted disadvantages of the classical method of under-layer extinguishing. According to this technology, the foam is supplied in the form of a flooded turbulent jet, flowing from a pipe in the base of the tank. The maximum height of the tank, according to modern standards, is 18 meters. The question arises as to what parameters a turbulent flood jet will penetrate the oil product layer and spread over the surface of the tank mirror. The motion of a flooded turbulent jet in a liquid is described by a system of Navier-Stokes equations. This system can be solved analytically with some assumptions or numerically. When solving this problem, some coefficients appear, which, as a rule, are determined experimentally. In this article, various approaches to solving the Navier-Stokes equations for determining the axial velocity of a turbulent flooded jet are considered in the axisymmetric formulation. Calculation formulas and values of empirical constants are determined. The calculation of velocity values on the axis of turbulent flooded jet has been carried out for values of its initial velocity U0 = 35 m ∙ s–1 and pipe diameter D0 = 0,159 m, through which the stream flows out. The values of these parameters are realized in practice in the installation “Uragan”, which implements the technology of obtaining SGF. The calculation results were compared with the data obtained in natural experiments, their good agreement was obtained. As a result, it has been experimentally and computationally proved that the new technology of sub-layer fire extinguishing of SGF is effective.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"111 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF THE IMPACT OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT GROUNDING ON FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM","authors":"Геннадий Васильевич Боков, Герман Иванович Смелков, Антон Александрович Назаров, Н.М. Дармина","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.002","url":null,"abstract":"Статья посвящена исследованию влияния заземляющих устройств сети электроснабжения на пожарную опасность технических средств системы противопожарной защиты. Рассмотрены особенности проявления характерных пожароопасных режимов при замыкании фазы сети на открытые проводящие части. Показано, что вероятность возникновения пожароопасных режимов, связанных с системой противопожарной защиты, зависит от исправного состояния электрической защиты и от типа заземления в здании. Отмечено, что при утечке на землю ток не будет пожароопасным вследствие ограничения его сопротивлением заземляющего устройства и грунта. The paper presents the results of the study of the effect of grounding-related fire emergency modes on the fire hazard of the fire protection system. The influence of grounding devices on the fire hazard of electrical equipment of the fire protection system is shown. The performance of individual components of fire protection (for example, fire alarm systems) during operation is under constant control, and the condition of protection devices installed in the network and grounding devices is checked only periodically. Their faulty condition can be established by checking, the frequency of which is regulated by the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations. A failed protection device during the period between performance tests will not be able to turn off the electrical part of the fire protection system, in the elements of which a fire hazardous mode will occur, with the corresponding consequences. And besides, this system will not be able to perform a functional task. The features of emergency modes manifestation are noted. The most characteristic modes that occur during an emergency phase short circuit to open conductive parts of the electrical equipment of fire protection systems are considered. There are established features that characterize the fire hazard of electrical equipment when using TN and TT grounding as the most common in buildings. The change in the grounding device resistance during operation has a little effect on the magnitude of the earth fault current. The current is largely limited by the ground resistance and does not create a fire hazard from this emergency mode depending on the type of grounding, electrical equipment may present a fire hazard if the phase is short-circuited to grounded elements (including the PE conductor) and the protection devices fail to operate. At the same time, the absence of a differential current protective shutdown device in the power supply circuit will allow, in the event of a leakage to grounded elements during a fire, to continue working for a period of time until the overcurrent protection device trips.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROPOSALS FOR MATHEMATICAL SUPPORT OF DECISION-MAKING ON APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS","authors":"Алексей Анатольевич Лопухов, Е.А. Шишкина, Евгений Владимирович Павлов, Владимир Иванович Ершов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.009","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены вопросы применения беспилотных авиационных систем (БАС) при тушении пожаров в зданиях повышенной этажности в условиях плотной городской застройки. Целесообразность такого использования БАС обусловлена определенными трудностями работы пожарных внутри горящего здания, а при наружном пожаротушении – еще и риском для их жизни на уровне верхних этажей. Даны предложения по математическому обеспечению принятия руководителем тушения пожара в высотном здании решения о применении БАС в качестве мобильного средства доставки огнетушащих веществ в очаг пожара. The article is devoted to issues related to application of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for extinguishing fires in high-rise buildings in conditions of dense urban development. In particular, the article presents proposals for the mathematical support of the decision of the fire manager to use a fire-fighting UAS as a mobile means of delivering extinguishing agents to the ignition source in high-rise building. The expediency of application of fire-fighting UAS is due to certain difficulties of firefighters working inside a burning building, and in case of external firefighting, also due to the risk to their lives at the level of the upper floors. The relevance of the topic is explained by the existing discrepancy between the required degree of validity of the decision to use fire-fighting UAS, on the one hand, and the insufficient capabilities of existing methods to ensure the efficiency of assessing the specific situation, on the other. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of UAS is achieved only under certain conditions, and the identification of these conditions is carried out using analytical methods that require complex calculations. This circumstance will contribute to the fact that the fire manager will not be able to determine in a timely manner the rational place of application of the firefighting UAS and will make an erroneous decision. Thus, a situation may arise in which, when the fire brigades of the corresponding UAS enter service, even with very satisfactory characteristics, fire extinguishing in high-rise buildings will be ineffective when using them. The authors of the article believe that the rational solution to the stated problem is the application of electronic computing equipment with appropriate software by the fire manager. The features of creation of software designed to support decision-making on the use of UAS as mobile means for delivering of extinguishing agents to a fire in high-rise buildings are discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF FAN GAS JETS AND DIFFUSIVE FAN FLAMES","authors":"Анатолий Петрович Чугуев, Анна Витальевна Мордвинова, А. Сычев, И.А. Мартынова","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.003","url":null,"abstract":"Основным способом газосброса (дренажа) различных газов из технологического или иного оборудования является сброс через специально оборудованную вертикальную трубу, по которой газ отводится на большую высоту с дожиганием или без него. Подробный анализ преимуществ и недостатков различных способов сброса технологических горючих газов показал, что наиболее эффективными с точки зрения сокращения длины факелов и зон опасных концентраций являются устройства, обеспечивающие сброс газа в виде веерных струй или пламени, формирующихся на выходе из кольцевой щели. Результаты экспериментов по оценке пожароопасных параметров при веерном сбросе в виде струй или пламени таких газов, как водород, метан и пропан, а также их смесей с инертными разбавителями позволили получить аналитические выражения, оценка которых проведена в настоящей работе. The research is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the method of technological and emergency discharge (drainage) of various gases, including flammable, toxic or other hazardous gaseous media at petrochemical facilities, based on the use of fan gas discharge, the effectiveness of which is shown in this paper. Currently, facilities utilize a method of drainage from process equipment using a vertical pipe that drains gas to a higher elevation with or without afterburning. The disadvantage of this method is the formation of significant sizes of zones with dangerous concentrations of burning torches in the surrounding space. For example, many studies have shown that the flame length during the discharge of hydrogen or methane is 220–250 diameters of the drainage pipe in the turbulent mode of gas discharge. The use of drainage devices of this type for pipes of large diameter (400 mm or more) leads to material costs while ensuring safe conditions for technological drainage. The experimental and analytical data obtained in the work on the size of the flames of such combustible gases as hydrogen, methane, propane, as well as hazardous zones and the size of fan jets of gases found a good generalization by the Froude criterion. This makes it possible to use this analytical generalization in the calculations and creation of fan devices for real technological objects. According to the results of the study, a very important indicator of the effective fan discharge of the tested gases should be noted in comparison with drainage through a cylindrical pipe. The study showed that the fan flames of hydrocarbon gases, similar to hydrogen, turned out to be 4 times smaller than cylindrical ones. For example, reducing the flame size by 2 times is achieved by diluting propane with nitrogen by half. With a similar dilution of propane with freon 13B1, the flame size is reduced by 3 times. As a result of the research, data on the parameters of fan jets and flames of hydrocarbon gases were obtained, allowing them to be recommended during technological operations for the discharge of various gases using drainage devices in the form of annula","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUBSTANTIATION OF THE OPTIMAL FREQUENCY OF SCHEDULED INSPECTIONS OF THE FIRE SAFETY CONDITION OF SOCIALLY IMPORTANT FACILITIES BY THE STATE FIRE SUPERVISION BODIES OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA","authors":"Алексей Вячеславович Матюшин, Андрей Александрович Кондашов, Юрий Александрович Матюшин, Виталий Иванович Сибирко","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.007","url":null,"abstract":"Проведен анализ статистической информации о пожарах и их последствиях в целях установления зависимости количества пожаров от периодичности проведения плановых проверок. Получены математические модели, описывающие зависимость числа пожаров на социально значимых объектах защиты от периодичности плановых проверок их противопожарного состояния. Разработана методика обоснования оптимальной периодичности проведения плановых проверок противопожарного состояния социально значимых объектов защиты органами ГПН. Обоснована оптимальная периодичность проведения таких проверок. The purpose of the paper was to analyze statistical information on fires in order to establish the dependence of the number of fires at socially important facilities on the frequency of scheduled inspections as well as to develop a methodology for justifying the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of their fire safety condition by the State Fire Supervision bodies of EMERCOM of Russia. As a result of the conducted research, mathematical models were initially obtained to determine the number of fires at socially important facilities depending on the time that has elapsed since their last inspection, as well as to determine the number of fires at these facilities depending on the frequency of scheduled inspections. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that the original methodology for substantiating the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of the fire safety condition of socially important facilities has been clarified and tested for the first time on a scientific basis. The practical significance of the paper lies in the fact that the initially obtained data allow us to substantiate on a scientific basis the following: the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of the fire-fighting condition of socially important facilities; the necessity to assign these facilities to the appropriate risk category, depending on the optimal frequency of their scheduled inspection; the necessary number of personnel of the State Fire Supervision bodies of EMERCOM of Russia for timely and qualitative inspection of supervised facilities. The results of the paper also make it possible to substantiate the expediency of introducing amendments in accordance with Part 6 of Clause 25 of Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated 31 July 2020 to the “Regulations on Federal State Fire Supervision” approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 290 dated 12 April 2012, in order to establish a new method for justifying the frequency of planned control (supervisory) measures in relation to socially important facilities and their assignment to the appropriate risk category.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"125 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF UNDERGROUND FIRE HYDRANTS. RESEARCH, PROBLEMS OF INDICATOR MEASUREMENT AND SOLUTIONS","authors":"Владимир Николаевич Козырев, Михаил Валерьевич Илеменов, Сергей Михайлович Ртищев, Д.А. Минайлов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.005","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены проблемы измерения гидравлического сопротивления подземных пожарных гидрантов. Приведены результаты анализа международного опыта и практических экспериментов по измерению данного показателя. Обоснованы и предложены пути решения проблемы измерения гидравлического сопротивления подземных пожарных гидрантов посредством совершенствования методики проведения испытаний, а также описан выбор испытательного оборудования. The article presents studies of methods for determining the hydraulic resistance of underground fire hydrants. The purpose of the scientific work is to analyze the methods for determining the indicators of hydraulic resistance (capacity) of underground fire hydrants, taking into account international experience and practical experiments to solve the problems of determining the hydraulic characteristics of hydrants of new designs and obtaining more accurate indicators of hydraulic resistance (capacity) of underground fire hydrants. The methodology of scientific work is based on the basic principles of hydrodynamics. The scope of the work results is to improve the methodology for checking the hydraulic resistance of fire hydrants GOST R 53961–2010 «Fire fighting equipment. Underground fire hydrants. General technical requirements. Test methods» and GOST 8220–85 «Underground fire hydrants. Specifications». The authors of the article substantiated and proposed ways to solve the problem of measuring the hydraulic resistance index of underground fire hydrants by improving the testing methodology, and also proposed the choice of testing equipment. The work reveals the prospects for the use of hydrants of new designs, expanding the range of their water output over 40 l / s, which will ensure the emergence of fire equipment that meets modern requirements for outdoor fire extinguishing of buildings and structures","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENTS TO THE METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE CALCULATED VALUES OF FIRE RISK AT INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES","authors":"Денис Михайлович Гордиенко, Валерий Петрович Некрасов, Владимир Александрович Угорелов, Петр Алексеевич Леончук, Максим Валерьевич Фомин","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.010","url":null,"abstract":"Методика определения расчетных величин пожарного риска на производственных объектах была утверждена более десяти лет тому назад и за время ее применения хорошо зарекомендовала себя. Вместе с тем она не позволяет учитывать факторы, способные оказать влияние на безопасность людей, такие, как предел огнестойкости строительных конструкций на путях эвакуации, распределение вероятности эвакуации людей, или кумулятивный эффект, наблюдающийся при воздействии на эвакуирующихся людей опасных факторов пожара. Кроме того, данная Методика не распространяется на объекты с обращением радиоактивных веществ. В настоящей работе предлагается внести в Методику определения расчетных величин пожарного риска на производственных объектах изменения, позволяющие учесть указанные выше замечания. The fire risk value for production facilities is assessed in accordance with the “Methodology for determination the calculated fire risk values at industrial facilities” (approved by the Order of EMERCOM of Russia dated 10 July 2009 No. 404, the amandments were approved by the Order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated 14 December 2010 No. 649). The article indicates some of the most relevant, according to the authors' opinion, areas of elaboration of the methodology. The approaches that can be implemented to clarify and expand the scope of the methodology are described. The issues of the problems of fire risk assessment at facilities with the circulation of radioactive substances are indicated. At the same time, due to differences in the specifics of technological operations carried out at such facilities, a common approach for all these facilities is practically not considered. The issue of assessing the reliability of building structures in case of fire is considered separately. The approach proposed for introduction into the methodology is described. It is also proposed as an alternative, when assessing the critical duration of a fire by heat flow, to take into account the cumulative effect when people move along escape routes. The problems caused by the lack of information about the thermophysical and chemical parameters of many modern materials are formulated. It significantly reduces the correctness of calculations of the spread of fire hazards in buildings.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMENDMENTS TO THE METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF PERSONNEL AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE'S FIRE SERVICE TO ORGANISE AND CARRY OUT FIRE EXTINGUISHING OPERATION","authors":"Вадим Витальевич Зыков, А.Ю. Лагозин, А.В. Ильичев, Н.Ю. Пивоваров","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.006","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены нормативные требования пожарной безопасности по определению численности и технической оснащенности пожарной охраны предприятий для организации и осуществления тушения пожаров. Свод правил СП 232.1311500.2015 «Пожарная охрана предприятий. Общие требования» включает в себя методики определения численности пожарной охраны предприятия для организации и осуществления профилактики пожаров, численности и технической оснащенности пожарной охраны предприятия для организации и осуществления тушения пожаров, общей численности пожарной охраны предприятия и ее структуры. Практический опыт проведения расчетов по методике определения численности и технической оснащенности пожарной охраны предприятия для организации и осуществления тушения пожаров показал, что получаемая расчетная численность подразделения пожарной охраны при рассмотрении варианта пожара с горением твердых веществ и материалов в ряде случаев может превышать численность персонала предприятия. Сделан вывод о необходимости внесения изменений и дополнений в расчет по данной методике площади пожара при горении твердых веществ и материалов на площади в виде полосы с постоянной шириной. The problem of ensuring fire safety is relevant for large enterprises of various industries that form the basis of the economy of the Russian Federation. The economic consequences of fires in production facilities negatively affect the development of these industries and the economy of the country as a whole. In order to protect production facilities, the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of fire safety provides for the creation, technical equipment and maintenance of fire protection departments and fire depots. The main regulatory document on fire safety, which contains requirements for the creation of fire service departments at production facilities, their number and technical equipment, is Set of rules SP 232.1311500.2015 \"Fire Service of Enterprises. General requirements\". The document contains methods for calculation of the number of fire service divisions as well as the number and technical equipment of the fire service divisions of the enterprise for the organisation and implementation of fire extinguishing, the total number of fire service units of the enterprise and their structure. Practical experience in carrying out calculations using the Methodology for determining the number and technical equipment of the fire service divisions of the enterprise has shown that the estimated number of fire service divisions obtained when considering the option of a fire with solids and materials may in some cases exceed the number of personnel of the enterprise. It is concluded that it is necessary to make changes and additions to the calculation of determining the area of a fire with solids and materials on the area in the form of a strip of constant width in the methodology for determining the number and technical equipment of the fire protection departments of the enterprise for the organis","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}