Pozharnaia bezopasnost`最新文献

{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE ACTIVITIES OF VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTING THE POPULATION AND TERRITORIES FROM EMERGENCIES, ENSURING FIRE SAFETY AND HUMAN SAFETY AT WATER OBJECTS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THEIR INTERACTION WITH EMERCOM OF RUSSIA","authors":"Ольга Дмитриевна Ратникова, Наталья Васильевна Перегудова, Андрей Александрович Кондашов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"Обоснована актуальность оценки эффективности деятельности добровольческих организаций, рассмотрены подходы к определению эффективности этой деятельности. Представлены основные направления и показатели оценки деятельности добровольческих организаций в области защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций, обеспечения пожарной безопасности и безопасности людей на водных объектах и эффективности их взаимодействия с МЧС России. Обоснованы критерии и предложена математическая модель определения эффективности взаимодействия добровольческих организаций с МЧС России.\u0000 The article discusses the relevance of elaborating the methodology for evaluating the activities of volunteer organizations in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and human safety at water objects and determining the effectiveness of their interaction with EMERCOM of Russia. There is given the analysis of literary sources containing descriptions of official and authorial approaches for determining the effectiveness of volunteer activities. On their basis, there are substantiated the main directions of evaluating the activities of volunteer organizations in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety and human safety at water objects and the effectiveness of their interaction with EMERCOM of Russia. The authors proposed and justified indicators for evaluating the activities of volunteer organizations. The article describes a mathematical model for evaluating the activities of volunteer organizations in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and human safety at water objects and determining the effectiveness of their interaction with EMERCOM of Russia and substantiates the criteria for determining effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADOPTION OF A NEW STANDARD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVE ZONES AND THE NEED TO AMEND THE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS ON FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS","authors":"С.В. Карпов, А.М. Литвак","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Прекращено применение ГОСТ 30852.9–2002, не рассматривавшего взрывоопасную зону вокруг открытого огня и раскаленных поверхностей. В ГОСТ 31610.10-1–2022 введено понятие «зона NE», предполагающее наличие незначительной скорости утечки или пренебрежимо малое количество утечки, благодаря чему классификация «зоны NE» соответствует уровню невзрывозащищенного оборудования. Однако в Федеральный закон «Технический регламент о требованиях пожарной безопасности» от 22 июля 2008 г. № 123-ФЗ это понятие не введено, что вызывает вопрос, как в настоящее время обеспечивать соответствие классификации взрывоопасной зоны уровню взрывозащиты невзрывозащищенного газоиспользующего оборудования (например, газотурбинного двигателя с раскаленными поверхностями). В настоящей статье обращается внимание специалистов на необходимость введения в Федеральный закон от 22 июля 2008 г. № 123-ФЗ понятия «зона незначительной протяженности» для классификации зон в помещениях с невзрывозащищенным газоиспользующим оборудованием.\u0000 Federal Law 123-FZ dated July 22, 2008 \"Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements\" took into account the requirements of GOST 30852.9-2002 for the classification of explosive zones in terms of the fact that they allow not to be considered as an explosive zone around an open fire and incandescent surfaces of equipment (leakage parameters are not taken into account). The State Standard GOST 30852.9-2002 has been terminated since July 1, 2023, and there has been enforced a new State Standard GOST 31610.10-1-2022 on classification of explosive zones, which is conceptually different in that it contains a new concept of “zone of insignificant extent” (NE zone). The NE zone assumes a low leakage rate or a very small amount of leakage, so that non-explosion-proof equipment can be used in the premise with it. At the same time, GOST 31610.10-1-2022 there is no requirement not to refer to explosive zones, areas near open flames and incandescent surfaces of technological equipment. The article sets the task to identify the physical essence of the concept of an explosive NE zone according to GOST 31610.10-1-2022, to assess its impact on the design of an automatic gas pollution control system. As an example, the classification of the zones in the premises of a gas turbine gas pumping unit with non-explosion-proof gas-powered equipment protected by gas analyzers of combustible gases is considered: - gas burners with an open flame; - gas turbine engines with hot surfaces. Based on the results of the analysis, the article provides recommendations that after the termination of GOST 30852.9-2002, it is necessary to: - change the design of the automatic gas pollution control system to limit leaks in a premise with a non-explosion-proof gas turbine engine; - make appropriate changes to the mandatory \"Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements\", in connection with the adoption of the new GOST applied on a voluntary basis 31610.10-1-2022 (also including the concept ","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF GAS ANALYZERS WHEN PROVIDING FIRE SAFETY OF GAS-POWERED VEHICLE MAINTENANCE FACILITIES","authors":"Евгений Евгеньевич Простов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.004","url":null,"abstract":"Газоанализаторы целесообразно использовать для обеспечения пожарной безопасности объектов производственного и складского назначения с обращением на них горючих газов в сжиженном и (или) в сжатом состоянии (объекты обслуживания автотранспортных средств, работающих на газомоторном топливе). В существующей методике расчета пожарного риска для взрывоопасных объектов эффективность газоанализаторов не учитывается. Предложенный авторами метод основан на определении численного значения эффективной работы газоанализаторов (или численного значения индивидуального пожарного риска при использовании газоанализаторов, в зависимости от ситуации) с учетом вероятности безотказной работы газоанализатора и вероятности эффективного размещения этих устройств. Он позволяет учитывать применение технических средств обеспечения пожарной безопасности, в том числе газоанализаторов, при проведении расчета пожарного риска и разработке специальных технических условий для объекта защиты.\u0000 The article justifies the developed method for assessment of efficiency of gas analyzers when determining fire safety of the object. The evaluation of the effective use of technical tools and organizational systems was considered earlier, while the method for determining the effectiveness of the system (including in the form of effective use) through the evaluation of technical parameters, both the system itself and its elements, was substantiated. Extending the proposed method in terms of applying the proposed approach to evaluate the performance of gas analysers, a dimensionless complex is formed by the dimensionality analysis method. The principle of a dimensionless complex formation consists in the formation of simplices reflecting the degree of desired result achievement the through the ratio of the actual value of each parameter to its required value. Based on the numerical value of the ratio of the required efficiency of gas analyzers to the actual one or (depending on the purpose of the calculation) the ratio of the actual calculated value of the individual fire risk to the safe (normative) one, a four-criteria approach to equipping the facility with fire protection means is applied. There are given numerical values of the criteria at which it is necessary to use certain TSOPB in conjunction with gas analyzers, depending on the probability of effective operation of gas analyzers, but this approach can also be used to determine the required probability of effective operation of gas analyzers, i.e. the actual required number of gas analyzers, their sensitivity, time between failures, etc. The proposed method is based on determining the numerical value of the probability of effective operation of gas analyzers (or the numerical value of individual fire risk when using gas analyzers, depending on the situation) taking into account the probability of failure-free operation of the gas analyzer and the probability of effective placement of these devices. The method defines and substantiates ","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THERMOGRAVIMETRIC EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EXPLOSION HAZARD OF COAL DUST AND ITS MIXTURES WITH STONE DUST","authors":"С.Б. Романченко, В.В. Соболев, Юрий Кузьмич Нагановский, Е.А. Губина","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования пыли 7 марок углей по получению базовых термогравиметрических характеристик, а также сопоставительных экспериментов для состояния пыли до взрыва и после взрыва. Проведено выделение 4 представительных брутто-стадий термической деструкции угля и смесей. Отработаны методы термогравиметрического анализа (ТГА) для определения влажности образцов, аналитической зольности и стадийного выхода летучих веществ с разделением органической и негорючей газовых составляющих. Методом сопоставления ТГА характеристик определены стадии устойчивого снижения и стадии роста выхода летучих веществ при воздействии взрыва, позволяющие однозначно трактовать участие угольной пыли во взрыве, исследовать динамику фронта пламени.\u0000 The article presents the results of an experimental study of dust of various grades of coal in order of increasing degree of metamorphism (D, DG, G, GZh, Zh, K, A) to obtain basic thermogravimetric characteristics. The samples were examined in an inert atmosphere with a change to an air atmosphere after the completion of coking. The temperature of the heating zone increased linearly with a heating rate DТо = 20 °C/min (the second mode is DТо = 100 °C/min) in the range from 25 °C to 850 °C. The mass of the sample was measured 30 times per minute. When 850 °C was reached, isothermal heating was carried out for 15 minutes until the coking process was completed, then the inert atmosphere was replaced with an air one in order to afterburn the coke and to determine the ash Ad. Additional comparative experiments were carried out for the state of dust «before the explosion» – «after the explosion». There was carried out the isolation of 4 gross stages of thermal destruction of coal and mixtures under the thermal effects of fire or explosion: the stage of analytical moisture release Wа(MRS – Moisture Removal Stage) from 25 °C up to 130 °C; the stage of «primary» volatiles release (PVS – Primary Volatiles Stage) from 400 °C up to 600 °C; the stage of «secondary» volatiles release (SVS - Secondary Volatiles Stage) from 600 °C up to 750 °C; the stage of carbon dioxide release in coal and stone dust mixtures (CDS – Carbon Dioxide Stage) from 700 °C up to 840 °C. It was determined that the maximum release rate of volatiles at the PVS stage is reached at a temperature of 465 °C – 505 °C, the presence and output value of volatiles at this stage determines the explosive properties of dust. The SVS stage exists in coals of a high stage of metamorphism and anthracites, however, the hazard of such dust from explosions has not been experimentally confirmed. There was carried out the study of dust after explosions in an explosive 20-liter chamber and dust collected in mines after explosions. For dust obtained from full–scale mine explosions, there was determined a sharp (in 3.5–5 fold) decrease in the residual volatile yield in the PVS stage with a simultaneous increase in the volatile yield at the SVS stage. And als","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CALCULATION OF DEGRADATION MECHANISM OF FREON 227EA IN THE FLAME OF METHANE-OXYGEN MIXTURE","authors":"Павел Сергеевич Копылов, В.В. Агафонов, Сергей Николаевич Копылов, О.В. Фомина","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"На основании известных кинетических данных выполнен расчет механизма превращения C3F7H в пламени смеси метан – кислород. Показано, что C3F7H в пламени смеси СН4 / О2 деструктурирует в реакциях с H, О и ОН без регенерации. В богатой смеси стадии с участием С3F7H и С2F4 в основном протекают за счет взаимодействия с атомарным водородом и ответственны за ингибирование горения метана в кислороде. Полученная схема качественно описывает всю известную экспериментальную картину, наблюдаемую при горении смесей СН4 / O2 / С3F7H.\u0000 Fluorinated hydrocarbons with the general formula СnF2n+1H are widely used as gaseous fire extinguishing agents. However, these substances have a significant global warming potential, and their production must be phased out by 85 % by 2036 under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Earth’s Ozone Layer. Since it is impossible to completely abandon the use of fluorinated alkanes in fire extinguishing, one way to reduce their consumption is to increase their fire extinguishing efficiency by creating mixtures with other agents. The implementation of this approach is possible if the mechanism of transformation of compounds of the type СnF2n + 1H in a flame is known. This work is a continuation of the study of the mechanism of transformation of fluorinated hydrocarbons in a flame and is devoted to the consideration of heptafluoropropane (freon 227ea, C3F7H). Based on known experimental data on the concentrations of intermediate substances and taking into account only those elementary reactions whose kinetic parameters are known, the mechanism of the conversion of C3F7H in the flame of mixtures of methane with oxygen of various compositions was calculated. It has been shown that C3F7H in the flame of a СН4 / О2 mixture destructs in reactions with H, O and OH without regeneration, which refutes the hitherto widespread classical idea that the transformation of initial reagents in a flame proceeds along a molecular path. In a rich mixture, the stages involving С3F7H and С2F4 mainly occur through interaction with atomic hydrogen and are responsible for inhibiting the combustion of methane in oxygen. In a stoichiometric and especially in a lean mixture, the role of reactions of С3F7H and С2F4 with atomic hydrogen decreases, and the role of oxidative processes with the participation of O and OH increases, i.e. in a lean mixture, the inhibition effect weakens. The resulting scheme qualitatively describes the entire known experimental picture observed during the combustion of СН4 / O2 / С3F7H mixtures and can be used in the creation of highly effective gas fire extinguishing compositions based on freon 227ea.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE FOAMING PROPERTIES OF ALKYL BENZENE SULFONATES AND a-OLEFIN SULFONATES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATIONS OF FOAMING AGENTS OF TYPE S FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING","authors":"Дмитрий Сергеевич Шентяпин, Евгений Вячеславович Баранов, Евгений Егорович Архипов, Д.А. Степаненко","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"Представлены результаты исследований коллоидно-химических, пенообразующих свойств алкилбензолсульфонатов и a-олефинсульфонатов, используемых при разработке рецептур пенообразователей типа S для тушения пожаров. На основе данных, полученных в процессе экспериментов, сделаны выводы о том, что для получения устойчивых огнетушащих пен целесообразно использовать фракции анионных ПАВ, содержащих гомологи с оптимальной длиной углеводородного радикала.\u0000 The article presents the results of development of foaming agents of type S using alkyl benzene sulfonates and a-olefin sulfonates. On the basis of unified methods of estimation of colloid-chemical and foaming properties, there have been carried out studies in homologous series of the most promising biodegradable surfactants: olefinsulfonates (AOS) obtained by sulfination of individual a-olefins with the number of carbon atoms from 6 to 18, alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS) obtained by sulfination of benzene alkylated with individual a-olefins. It has been determined that it is most appropriate to use fractions of anionic surfactants containing homologues with the optimal length of hydrocarbon radicals to produce resistant fire-fighting foams. For a-olefin sulfonate – homologues from C11 to C14; for alkyl benzene sulfonate – homologs from C7 to C10. According to foaming ability on «hard» water homologs of optimal fractions are arranged in sequence: a-olefin sulfonate > alkyl benzene sulfonates.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR CABLE NETWORKS OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS","authors":"Герман Иванович Смелков, Геннадий Васильевич Боков, Алексей Иванович Рябиков, И.А. Сорокина","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"Проанализированы основные нормативные документы, содержащие требования пожарной безопасности, предъявляемые к электрооборудованию атомных электростанций (АЭС), включая кабельные линии и электропроводки систем противопожарной защиты. Рассмотрены правила и номенклатура для выбора типа исполнения кабельных изделий на этапах проектирования АЭС и в процессе эксплуатации электросетей. Изложены результаты огневых крупномасштабных испытаний кабельного потока, состоящего из не распространяющих горение кабелей различного типа исполнения, проведенных в соответствии с разработанной методикой в кабельном сооружении. Даны рекомендации по повышению эффективности использования в кабельном туннеле огнестойких плит в качестве мер пожарной профилактики.\u0000 There was carried out analysis of the main documents regulating fire safety requirements for NPP cable networks, including SDR systems. Knowledge and strict compliance with the norms governing the nomenclature of cable products when choosing and using them at the design and operation stages of these facilities are of great importance for the prevention of fires associated with the ignition of cables at nuclear power plants. There are given clarifications on the important issue discussed in the norms on the need to use flame retardants (paints) applied to streams of non-flammable cables with a combustible load of more than 0.007 m3 per linear meter of the line. Comments are given on the regulatory and technical documents under consideration. Large-scale fire tests of group cable lines and electrical wiring in a cable tunnel were carried out, which showed the possibility of ignition and propagation of fire along a horizontal cable stream from a real and energetically justified ignition source, in order to verify and substantiate the regulatory requirements being developed. A positive assessment of the results of the experiment as a whole was given, since the permissible limit for the spread of combustion of group cable laying provided by the methodology was not exceeded, which in turn showed the expediency and obvious preventive necessity of using fire-resistant plates (ACEED, PROMAT, etc.) during installation of the cable laying line, which significantly reduce the scale and speed of combustion propagation along cable flows. Based on the research carried out, there are given recommendations to improve the efficiency of using ACEED plates by modernizing their shape and dimensions.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL FIRE REGIME","authors":"С.В. Федосов, М.Ю. Бабушкин, А.А. Лазарев, Д.Е. Цветков","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены подходы к правоприменению в условиях особого противопожарного режима. Проведен анализ, описана блок-схема и предложен алгоритм вероятностного подхода для описания механизма выбора и изменений требований пожарной безопасности. Проведен ряд численных экспериментов при различной интенсивности потока событий для трех состояний (при наличии предпосылок к изменению перечня требований пожарной безопасности в условиях вводимого режима, при подтверждении неизменности условий режима, при изменении имеющегося перечня требований). Следует отметить научную новизну проведенных исследований и полученных результатов.\u0000 The paper considers the law enforcement practice of modifying fire safety requirements under special fire regime conditions. The established practice is divided into some stages. The first stage involves identification of areas and facilities most exposed to primary fire hazards (fire, high temperature, smoke, etc.). At the second stage, there are implemented control (supervisory) measures. At the third stage, administrative measures are implemented. There is proposed the system (OPR) of selecting fire safety requirements for special fire regime conditions, in which a Markov random process with discrete states occurs. Numerical experiments for different intensity of the flow of events under different states of systems are carried out that do not contradict the results of the study by Grenander U. The results of the study can be used in the activities of State Fire Supervision authorities.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLAR FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS","authors":"Николай Петрович Копылов, Дмитрий Вячеславович Федоткин, Е.Ю. Сушкина, А.В. Карпов, Виктория Ивановна Новикова, А.С. Тарбеев","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"На тушение пожаров водорастворимых полярных жидкостей значительное влияние оказывают их физико-химические свойства, тип пенообразователя, способы подачи его раствора. Проведен анализ современной нормативно-технической литературы, в которой рассматриваются разные экспериментальные методы определения критической и нормативной интенсивности подачи растворов пенообразователей на тушение различных видов полярных жидкостей. Даны оценки параметров наиболее репрезентативных модельных очагов пожара, коэффициентов масштабирования и безопасности. Предложены направления исследований по определению влияния физических свойств полярных жидкостей на эффективность их тушения.\u0000 Modern industry produces and consumes a huge amount of various water-soluble polar liquids. According to their physical and chemical properties they can be divided into the following types: alcohols, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, amines, aldehydes, simple esters. For these types in modern normative and technical literature there are defined experimental methods for determination of extinguishing parameters such as intensity and time of supply of solutions of alcohol-resistant blowing agents. Currently, these methods assume the use of small-scale sources of combustion from 0.25 to 7 m2. In order to extend the experimental data to real sources of fire, it is proposed to use scaling and safety factors from the range of 1.21´2.3. The choice of numerical values of the coefficients for different types of water-soluble polar liquids can be justified using the method of calculating the heat flux density from the flame torch to the mirror of the burning liquid. This method was tested in determining the optimal size of the experimental tank during gasoline combustion. Researches on estimation of influence of physical properties of water-soluble polar liquids such as density, heat of combustion, pressure of saturated vapors, boiling point and flash point on efficiency of their extinguishing by modern alcohol-resistant foaming agents are promising.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN WILDFIRE RECONNAISSANCE","authors":"Т.Ф. Гайнуллин, Е.В. Михеева","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"Проанализированы количественные характеристики природных пожаров на территории Российской Федерации, произошедших в период 2018–2022 гг. Сравнение динамики относительных показателей пожаров показало, что в 2021 году на территории Свердловской области произошло в 8,75 раза, а на территории Уральского федерального округа в 25 раз больше пожаров, чем в среднем по России. Это обусловлено в основном опасными природными явлениями и климатическими особенностями. Осуществлена оценка эффективности применения беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) для разведки природных пожаров. Проведено сравнение полученных на основе расчетов данных разведки с применением БПЛА и разведки, проведенной традиционными методами. Установлено, что время на принятие управленческих решений на месте пожара при разведке с помощью БПЛА сокращается в 4,25 раза по сравнению с этим временем при разведке традиционными методами.\u0000 Natural fires in the Russian Federation occur annually. As part of this study, there was carried out an analysis of interannual fluctuations in the number of forest fires and a comparative analysis of the pyrological situation in the territories of the Sverdlovsk region, the Ural Federal District and the Russian Federation in 2018–2022. The number of natural fires that occurred on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Ural Federal District and the Sverdlovsk Region were related to the area of their territory. There was characterized a sharp increase in the number of fires in the Urals in 2021. The maximum quantity is found for the Ural Federal District, it is 0.2 fires per thousand hectares of territory; for the Sverdlovsk region this indicator reaches 0.075, while the national average does not exceed 0.01. Thus, in the Ural Federal District in 2021, the relative number of fires is 25 times higher, and for the Sverdlovsk region 8.75 times higher than the national average. The probable reasons are climatic. During this period, dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena were registered for the Urals, such as abnormally hot weather (record values), strong gusts of wind, and lack of precipitation (Report on climate features in the Russian Federation in 2021). Numerous fires dictate the need to increase the efficiency of reconnaissance and elimination of fires in the Urals. It is known that to eliminate natural fires successfully, it is necessary to conduct quick and high-quality reconnaissance. It was conducted a practical study of two methods of natural fire reconnaissance: the traditional method, widely used by fire and rescue units, and a method of using unmanned aerial vehicles. The object was the fire with two sources of fire that occurred on April 10, 2023 in the Sukholozhsky urban district of the Sverdlovsk region. The directions of fire development have been determined. For this purpose, a reconnaissance of fire sources was carried out and the possibility of using local water sources for refilling fire tankers was assessed. The results of the study dem","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}