METHODOLOGY FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLAR FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

Abstract

На тушение пожаров водорастворимых полярных жидкостей значительное влияние оказывают их физико-химические свойства, тип пенообразователя, способы подачи его раствора. Проведен анализ современной нормативно-технической литературы, в которой рассматриваются разные экспериментальные методы определения критической и нормативной интенсивности подачи растворов пенообразователей на тушение различных видов полярных жидкостей. Даны оценки параметров наиболее репрезентативных модельных очагов пожара, коэффициентов масштабирования и безопасности. Предложены направления исследований по определению влияния физических свойств полярных жидкостей на эффективность их тушения. Modern industry produces and consumes a huge amount of various water-soluble polar liquids. According to their physical and chemical properties they can be divided into the following types: alcohols, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, amines, aldehydes, simple esters. For these types in modern normative and technical literature there are defined experimental methods for determination of extinguishing parameters such as intensity and time of supply of solutions of alcohol-resistant blowing agents. Currently, these methods assume the use of small-scale sources of combustion from 0.25 to 7 m2. In order to extend the experimental data to real sources of fire, it is proposed to use scaling and safety factors from the range of 1.21´2.3. The choice of numerical values of the coefficients for different types of water-soluble polar liquids can be justified using the method of calculating the heat flux density from the flame torch to the mirror of the burning liquid. This method was tested in determining the optimal size of the experimental tank during gasoline combustion. Researches on estimation of influence of physical properties of water-soluble polar liquids such as density, heat of combustion, pressure of saturated vapors, boiling point and flash point on efficiency of their extinguishing by modern alcohol-resistant foaming agents are promising.