International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity最新文献

{"title":"Acute cognitive effects of interruptions to prolonged sitting with brief standing or physical activity breaks: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.","authors":"Mingnan Zhuang, Mingyue Yin, Zongnan Liu, Ningkun Xiao, Qing Yi, Zhiwei Fan, Henghao Yan, Xiupeng Li, Bitai Wu, Shuhan Qiu, Anqi Chen, Chao Xie, Chenghao Liu, Xintong Zou, Donglin Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01953-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01953-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged sitting is strongly associated with impaired cognitive function. Although traditional exercise interventions have been shown to improve cognitive outcomes, their implementation is often limited by practical constraints. In contrast, introducing interruptions to prolonged sitting with brief bouts of standing or physical activity has emerged as a more feasible alternative. However, previous research has been dominated by qualitative reviews. Moreover, some quantitative studies have not adequately addressed effect-size dependency arising from multiple outcomes and time points within the same study, and quantitative evidence regarding specific cognitive domains and interruption-protocol parameters remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the PRISMA guidelines, this study systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus for randomized crossover trials published up to January 2026 that examined the effects of brief standing or physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on cognitive function. A three-level random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool effect sizes, with cluster-robust variance estimation used to account for effect-size dependency resulting from multiple outcomes and time points within the same study. In addition, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate potential moderating factors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated according to the GRADE framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 randomized crossover trials involving 433 participants were included. Compared with prolonged sitting, sitting interruptions involving standing or physical activity were associated with improvements in executive function (k = 16 studies; Hedges' g = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.32; p = 0.016) and memory function (k = 10 studies; Hedges' g = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.61; p = 0.003). However, no clear evidence of improvement was found for global cognition (k = 2 studies; Hedges' g = 0.57; 95% CI: -0.20 to 1.34; p = 0.122), information processing (k = 4 studies; Hedges' g = 0.32; 95% CI: -0.21 to 0.86; p = 0.221), or attention (k = 5 studies; Hedges' g = - 0.08; 95% CI: -0.38 to 0.22; p = 0.575). The certainty of evidence was low for executive function, memory function, information processing, and attention, and very low for global cognition. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that cognitive benefits were more pronounced in older adults and in individuals with overweight or obesity. Interruptions involving walking showed relatively consistent beneficial effects, whereas low-intensity activity was associated with particularly marked improvements in memory function (p for subgroup difference < 0.05). Meta-regression indicated that a higher interruption frequency was associated with greater improvements in executive function, whereas improvements i","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary trial findings from Harvest Share: a cost-offset community supported agriculture model to improve diet in New York City.","authors":"Madison N LeCroy, Luisa Cardenas, Sze Wan Celine Chan, Maya Scherer, Brett Dolotina, Dalila Victoria Lanza, Rhyden Dowd, Michelle Hughes, Steve Mei, Kathleen Barth, Mayssa Gregoire, Ana I Rodriguez Gil, Marisa DeDominicis, Maria Acevedo, Alina Rodriguez, Lorena Kourousias, Mary Cheng, Mitchel Wu, Jairo Guzman, Hayley M Belli, R Gabriela Barajas-Gonzalez, Lan N Đoàn, Stella S Yi","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01906-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01906-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-supported agriculture (CSA) programs are an evidence-based approach to increase fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake while also strengthening the local farming economy and social bonds. However, uptake has been limited due to payment structures and/or CSA offerings not reflecting local community preferences. To address this need, we developed the Harvest Share program, which centers a cost-offset CSA tailored to local communities in New York City. Here, our objective is to conduct a mixed-methods evaluation of year one of Harvest Share to evaluate its preliminary impact on diet and social outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Harvest Share participants (n = 542; n = 153 CSA and n = 389 comparison community [CC] participants) completed surveys and Veggie Meter readings-an objective measure of F&V intake-at the start and end of the 20-week growing season (~ June-October 2023). Qualitative interviews were conducted with n = 23 participants to understand program experiences. Mixed effect linear regression models were used to examine the impact of Harvest Share on primary (Veggie Meter score) and secondary outcomes (diet and social variables). Significant associations were based on the group (CSA vs. CC) by time (pre vs. post) interaction term. Descriptive, thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across CSA and CC participants, individuals were, on average, 44 years old; female (80%); Asian (48%) or Hispanic/Latino (37%); and of lower socioeconomic status (55% with annual household income <$50,000). Change in Veggie Meter scores (p = 0.02), F&V consumption (p < 0.0001), and F&V knowledge (p = 0.0004) significantly differed between CSA and CC participants. Veggie Meter scores trended downwards in both groups, but the decline was non-significant among CSA participants (CSA: -7.43 [95%CI: -21.30, 6.44]; CC: -27.29 [95%CI: -36.27, -18.30]). CSA participation was associated with an increased number of different types of F&V consumed (CSA: 3.74 [95%CI: 2.94, 4.53]; CC: 0.05 [95%CI: -0.48, 0.57]) and decreased number of F&V that individuals did not know how to prepare (CSA: -1.60 [95%CI: -2.28, -0.93]; CC: -0.13 [95%CI: -0.57, 0.32]). Qualitative interviews indicated the CSA also promoted family and community connection and improved physical and mental health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A cost-offset, tailored CSA can improve diet and social outcomes using a model that supports farmers.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05381766 (registration date: May 19, 2022).</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a walking intervention work equally in low and high walkable areas? A large-scale incentive program in Japan.","authors":"Takumi Abe, Takemi Sugiyama, Neville Owen, Kimihiro Hino","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01946-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01946-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research investigating whether walking promotion programs work equally at different levels of walkability needs to be scaled up. This study examined the associations of neighbourhood walkability attributes with adult participants' withdrawal from an incentive-based walking promotion program, and changes in step counts among non-withdrawing participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 30,530 participants aged 40-74 years enrolled in an incentive walking program in Yokohama City, Japan, in which uploading step-count data was required to enter a raffle for rewards. The follow-up period was up to 48 months. Withdrawal was defined as not uploading step counts during the last six months of the follow-up. Neighbourhood walkability attributes included population density, intersection density, destination diversity, and their composite measure (the Japan Postcode-level Walkability Index). We fitted multilevel Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations between walkability attributes and program withdrawal, and mixed-effects models to examine the interaction between walkability attributes and time on step counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period (median: 28 months), 62% of participants withdrew from the program. Compared to those living in the lowest intersection density areas, those in areas with the highest, the second-highest, and the third-highest intersection density had 7% (95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), 6% (0.89, 0.99), and 7% (0.89, 0.98) lower hazard ratios of withdrawal from the program, respectively. The third-highest population density areas showed a 5% (1.00, 1.10) higher hazard ratio of withdrawal, relative to the lowest. Step counts, which exceeded 7,000 steps/day during the study period, declined between the first and second years but slightly increased from the second to third year. There were no statistically significant interactions between the neighbourhood walkability attributes and time in relation to changes in step counts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Living in areas with higher street connectivity was associated with a higher retention in the program, whereas the program showed almost comparable effectiveness regarding changes in step counts for continuing participants living in areas with different levels of walkability. These findings suggest the need for initiatives to support adherence to walking-incentive programs, particularly among those who live in areas with less connected streets.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of nudge-based physical activity interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review.","authors":"Yang Li, Xiaoxing Lai, Yutong Cui, Xiaopeng Huo, Donglei Shi, Yonghua Cai, Ping Jiang, Shuai Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01948-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01948-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty is a prevalent geriatric syndrome in older adults, characterized by reduced physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Physical inactivity is a key modifiable risk factor that accelerates frailty progression. Nudge-based interventions, which subtly guide behavior through choice architecture, offer a promising, low-cost approach to promoting physical activity and improving health outcomes in this population METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EconLit from inception to May 20, 2025, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on nudge-based physical activity interventions in frail older adults. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models as appropriate, with standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) reported for continuous outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I² and Cochran's Q tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 studies involving 2,730 participants were included. Meta-analysis indicated that physical activity interventions based on nudge strategies significantly improved depressive symptoms [SMD = - 0.30, 95% CI (- 0.51, - 0.09), P = 0.016], enhanced cognitive function [SMD = 0.47, 95% CI (0.26, 0.69), P = 0.005], increased physical activity levels [SMD = 1.09, 95% CI (0.43, 1.75), P = 0.001], improved gait speed [MD = 0.07, 95% CI (0.03, 0.11), P = 0.001], enhanced quality of life (QoL) [SMD = 1.02, 95% CI (0.09, 1.94), P = 0.031], and reduced frailty scores [SMD = - 2.00, 95% CI (- 3.01, - 1.00), P < 0.001]. Although improvements were observed in self-efficacy, grip strength, balance ability, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test performance, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physical activity interventions based on nudge strategies can significantly increase physical activity levels, effectively improve frailty status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, gait speed, and QoL among frail older adults. These interventions represent a low-cost and highly feasible behavioral approach for promoting healthy aging.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>CRD420251229406.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint association of physical activity and screen exposure with subsequent suspected developmental coordination disorder in preschool children: a nationwide population-based study.","authors":"Liang Du, Xiao Wang, Jing Li, Winnie Wan-Yee Tso, Chai Yin Charlie Fan, Gareth J Williams, Wenchong Du, Jing Hua","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01943-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01943-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in preschoolers. Physical activity (PA) and screen exposure are two highly prevalent and modifiable daily behaviors in early childhood, but evidence regarding their joint association with DCD is limited. This study aimed to investigate the joint associations of PA and screen exposure time (SET) with subsequent suspected DCD in Chinese preschoolers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used data from a nationally representative, stratified cluster survey covering 551 cities across China. Motor coordination was assessed by the Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (LDCDQ), and suspected DCD was defined according to age- and sex-specific cut-off values. Parent-reported data was used to calculate total daily physical activity (TDPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and daily SET over the previous 12 months. The interactions between PA and SET were examined on both additive and multiplicative scale. Multilevel logistic regression models were employed to explore the association of PA and SET with suspected DCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 129,278 preschoolers, among whom 19,969 (15.4%) were suspected DCD. Compared with children in the normal TDPA & SET < 1 h group, the group of low TDPA & SET > 4 h exhibited highest odds of subsequent suspected DCD (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 2.02-2.60) when adjusting for covariates; while compared with the normal MVPA & SET < 1 h, those with normal MVPA & SET > 4 h exhibited highest odds of suspected DCD (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.78-2.15). Analysis of interaction on additive scale (RERI = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.31 to -0.13) and multiplicative scale (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.94) indicated that a significantly negative interaction was observed between low MVPA and SET at 1-4 h/day using normal MVPA & SET < 1 h as the reference. Stratified analyses revealed that: (1) low TDPA was a risk factor for suspected DCD at SET ≤ 4 h, whereas low MVPA appeared protective; and (2) across all PA strata, SET ≥ 1 h was significantly associated with the risk of suspected DCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Insufficient TDPA, higher MVPA, and excessive SET were associated with a higher risk of subsequent suspected DCD among Chinese preschoolers. A protective interaction was observed between low MVPA and moderate screen exposure (1-4 h/day).</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of wrist- and thigh-worn accelerometer algorithms using self-training machine learning models for classification of activity type and posture: towards device placement-agnostic methods in the ProPASS consortium.","authors":"Matthew N Ahmadi, Nicholas Koemel, Raaj Biswas, Andreas Holtermann, Annemarie Koster, Andrew Atkins, Richard Pulsford, Borja Del Pozo Cruz, Vegar Rangul, John Mitchell, Joanna Blodgett, Pasan Hettiarachchi, Magnus Svartengren, Malcolm Granat, Bronwyn Clark, Mark Hamer, Emmanuel Stamatakis","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01930-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01930-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Wearable accelerometers are widely used in health research, but differing placements (e.g. wrist vs. thigh) hinder harmonising activity classification across studies. Prior studies report 1.5- to 2.0-fold differences in physical activity level by wear location, hampering data comparability, and compromising the potential for pooling data to develop consortia and carrying out Meta- and Individual Participant Data analysis. Although supervised machine learning is increasingly used in wearables research, its reliance on extensive labelled data limits its use in free-living datasets. Semi-supervised learning offers an efficient alternative by using laboratory collected labelled data to iteratively self-train models on unlabelled free-living data. Using a self-training approach, the aim of this study was to train and evaluate algorithms for wrist- and thigh-worn devices to facilitate harmonisation of posture and activity type classification between placements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 146 participants aged 30-75 years completed either structured laboratory-based activity trials or one of two independent free-living assessments while wearing Axivity AX3 accelerometers on the wrist and thigh. For each placement, a supervised Random Forest classifier was initially trained using a labelled laboratory dataset (n = 40) to classify sitting, standing, walking, running, stair climbing, and cycling - and then re-trained using self-training on free-living data (n = 53, independent to the laboratory study sample). The final models were validated using another hold-out free-living independent dataset (n = 53) with ground-truth activity labels obtained via direct video observation. Overall model comparison and performance was assessed using accuracy, kappa statistic, and F1 scores. Individual activity class comparison and performance was evaluated using equivalence testing, confusion matrices, and coefficient of variation between the wrist and thigh estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;During a total of 43,800 min, of which 19,080 min were in the hold-out dataset, both self-trained models achieved high overall classification accuracy: 91.8% (SD = 6.8%) for the wrist and 95.1% (SD = 5.4%) for the thigh. The overall F1 score was 88.2 (SD = 9.6%) for the wrist classifier and 90.1 (SD = 9.3%) for the thigh classifier. Equivalence testing demonstrated that both classifiers produced activity duration estimates statistically equivalent to ground-truth for all activity types except stair climbing. Confusion matrices for the wrist demonstrated very good to excellent (88% - 97%) classification accuracy for sitting, walking, running, and cycling, and good accuracy for standing and stair climbing (71%-78%). For the thigh, classification performance was very good to excellent (83% - 98%) across sitting, standing, walking, running, and cycling, with good accuracy for stair climbing (75%). The coefficient of variation values","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of early childhood lifestyle patterns with overweight in preschoolers and timing of adiposity rebound.","authors":"Mélissa Baietto, Camille Le Gal, Alexandra Descarpentrie, Marion Lecorguillé, Aminata H Cissé, Jonathan Y Bernard, Muriel Tafflet, Jade Pilato, Judith van der Waerden, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Marie-Aline Charles, Barbara Heude, Sandrine Lioret","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01941-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01941-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An unhealthy diet, excessive screen time, low levels of physical activity and suboptimal sleep are known risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB). These energy balance-related behaviors tend to co-occur and combine into \"lifestyle patterns\" (LPs) that may have a synergistic effect on OW/OB. However, few studies have examined these LPs before preschool age, and none investigated the possible involvement of parental feeding practices (e.g., breastfeeding and timing of complementary feeding), non-screen leisure activities and sleep quality. We aimed to identify such LPs during the first 2 years of life and assess their associations with OW/OB at age 5 years and age at adiposity rebound (AR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were children from the French nationwide ELFE (Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance) birth cohort. We used principal component analysis of 18 items characterizing parental feeding practices and children's energy balance-related behaviors (n = 13,121) to derive LPs. We analyzed the associations of LPs with OW/OB at age 5 years (International Obesity Task Force definition; n = 8,388) and age at AR (in days; n = 7,845) using multivariable logistic and linear regression models, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three LPs: \"Early complementary feeding, discretionary consumption, high screen time\", \"Balanced diet, non-screen leisure activities\", and \"Healthy feeding practices, low dairy consumption, suboptimal sleep\" patterns. The first pattern was positively associated with OW/OB at age 5 years (OR [95% CI] = 1.09 [1.03, 1.16] per 1-SD increase) and inversely associated with age at AR (β [95% CI] = - 12.1 days [- 19.1; -5.0] per 1-SD increase). No association was observed for the second LP. For the third pattern, no clear evidence of associations was found, although the effect sizes were comparable to those of the first LP (OR = 1.07 [0.99; 1.15]; β = -7.6 days [- 15.5; 0.3] per 1-SD increase).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results emphasize the perinatal period as a critical window for the emergence of interrelated lifestyle behaviors associated with OW/OB. They highlight the need for interventional studies to evaluate the effectiveness of early, integrated, multi-behavioral strategies to prevent childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobility measures and waking-day movement behaviour composition among older adults: a compositional data analysis of the McMaster Monitoring My Mobility study.","authors":"Shawn Hakimi, Renata Kirkwood, Stuart M Phillips, Rong Zheng, Marla K Beauchamp","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01939-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01939-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mobility is a cornerstone of healthy ageing typically assessed using self-report and performance-based measures. Recent research suggests these measures are poor proxies for real-world mobility. Device-derived measures of real-world mobility reflect the relative proportions of time a person allocates to sedentary behaviour (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that together form the waking-day movement behaviour composition. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between commonly used mobility measures and the waking-day movement behaviour composition in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of data from over 1200 older adults ≥ 65 years of age from the baseline cohort (2022-2024) of the McMaster Monitoring My Mobility (MacM3) study was conducted. Compositional data analysis was used to examine the associations between 6 self-report and 10 performance-based measures of mobility and multiple components of the waking-day movement behaviour composition and establish differences in movement behaviours according to different levels of mobility. Examples of included measures are the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and Timed Up and Go (TUG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 1227 older adults (73.6 ± 5.3 years) were analysed. Significant differences in waking-day movement behaviour composition were found across the self-report and performance-based mobility measures. Older adults with lower mobility accumulated more SB and less MVPA throughout the day. For example, those with poorer TUG performance accumulated 34 more minutes/day of SB, and 22 min/day less of MVPA compared to those with better performance. The PASE, 400-meter walk, and fast gait speed tests were the strongest indicators of real-world mobility; however, the effect sizes were small. No measure showed a significant association with LIPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Traditional self-report and performance-based measures of mobility are associated with the waking-day movement behaviour composition in older adults; however, their ability to explain real-world mobility is limited and varies across measures. The lack of association between any of the measures and LIPA is surprising, given that older adults spend most of their time in this activity intensity. These findings challenge the widespread use of traditional mobility measures to make inferences about real-world mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of breaking up prolonged sitting with physical activity on executive function: a three-level meta-analysis.","authors":"Zan Huang, Mingyue Yin, Geng Li, Jinrong He, Qing Yi, Mingnan Zhuang, Bitai Wu, Meynard John Lapore Toledo, Waris Wongpipit, Wenxin Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01942-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01942-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Prolonged sitting has been associated with adverse effects on cognitive function, and interrupting sitting with physical activity (PA) may help mitigate these effects. However, evidence regarding the effects of PA breaks on executive function remains limited. In addition, it remains unclear how intervention characteristics may be associated with variations in effect estimates. This study aims to synthesize evidence from randomized trials on the effects of PA breaks on executive function, and to identify potentially effective intervention characteristics through moderator analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus from database inception to April 25, 2026, for randomized trials investigating the effects of PA breaks during sedentary time on executive function. Although the eligibility criteria allowed randomized controlled trials, randomized crossover trials, and cluster-randomized trials, all studies included in the final synthesis used randomized crossover designs. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2 for crossover trials, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations framework. A random-effects three-level meta-analytic model was applied to analyze main effects, exploratory moderator effects, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-two randomized crossover trials were included, comprising 123 effect sizes from 418 participants. Low certainty evidence suggests that, compared with uninterrupted sitting, PA breaks may be associated with a small improvement in executive function (Hedges' g = 0.13, 95% CI [0.03, 0.23], p = 0.01), particularly working memory (Hedges' g = 0.17, p = 0.02). Regrading performance metrics, reaction time (RT) performance (Hedges' g = 0.18, p &lt; 0.01) showed a significant positive effect, whereas accuracy showed no significant effect. Exploratory moderator analyses provided preliminary evidence that intervention characteristics may be related to variations in executive function outcomes. Light-intensity activities showed a favorable pooled estimate (Hedges' g = 0.19, p &lt; 0.01), while moderate-intensity activities did not show a significant pooled effect. For activity type, walking (Hedges' g = 0.12, p = 0.03) and stair climbing (Hedges' g = 0.70, p = 0.01) showed significant pooled effects, although the estimate for stair climbing was based on a small number of studies. Regarding frequency, 60-minute interruption intervals showed the largest pooled estimate (Hedges' g = 0.30, p = 0.01). Break duration was not a statistically significant moderator (p = 0.06), although using 3-5 min breaks showed significant pooled effect (Hedges' g = 0.16, p = 0.02).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Interrupting prolonged sitting with ","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of classroom physical activity breaks on learning behaviors and academic achievements in university students: a systematic review.","authors":"Qianting Deng, Chongyun Wu, Luodan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01936-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01936-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>College students' prolonged sedentary behavior due to heavy academic burdens impairs cognitive functions and academic performance. Classroom physical activity breaks have been studied in younger students, but evidence among college students remains limited. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of classroom physical activity breaks on academic-related outcomes among college students, including classroom engagement, academic emotions, attention, and academic performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and ERIC (EBSCOhost), covering all publications up to May 2025, supplemented by manual search and citation tracking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5,813 records were initially identified, and 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, classroom physical activity breaks were positively associated with improvements in sustained attention, emotional engagement, and positive academic emotions. However, findings for selective attention, behavioral engagement, negative emotions, and academic performance were mixed or inconclusive, with several studies reporting non-significant effects and one study reporting a negative effect on selective attention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physical activity breaks in the classroom improved students' learning behaviors and may also contribute to enhanced academic outcomes. This study highlights that, provided teaching efficiency is not compromised, the integration of classroom physical activity breaks represents a viable and impactful educational intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}