Lapo Bencini, Luca Moraldi, Elisangela Miceli, Matteo Risaliti, Lorenzo Tofani, Simone Buccianti, Luca Tirloni, Chiara Gatto, Alessio Minuzzo, William Tyler Bianchi, Andrea Coratti, Antonio Taddei, Ilenia Bartolini
{"title":"Robotic Versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis","authors":"Lapo Bencini, Luca Moraldi, Elisangela Miceli, Matteo Risaliti, Lorenzo Tofani, Simone Buccianti, Luca Tirloni, Chiara Gatto, Alessio Minuzzo, William Tyler Bianchi, Andrea Coratti, Antonio Taddei, Ilenia Bartolini","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy offers recognised benefits over open surgery. Robotic surgery, with its shorter learning curve and technical advancements, presents a promising alternative to laparoscopy in managing pancreatic diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study enrolled consecutive patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy between January 2013 and May 2022. After propensity score matching, perioperative and medium-term outcomes were compared between robotic and open procedures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 79 patients analysed, 50 were eligible after matching. Both groups showed similar demographics, with 11% experiencing grade III-IV complications, and one patient died within 90 days after surgery. Robotic surgery exhibited longer operating times but allowed for earlier refeeding, drain removal, canalisation, and shorter hospital stays compared with open surgery. Spleen preservation rates, postoperative pancreatic fistula occurrences and survival were comparable between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, robotic and open distal pancreatectomy demonstrated similar outcomes, with robotic surgery offering advantages in certain postoperative parameters despite longer operation times.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State of the Art and Development Trend of Laparoscopic Surgical Robot and Master Manipulator","authors":"Rui Han, Hongqiang Sang, Fen Liu, Fang Huang","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, laparoscopic surgical robots have rapidly developed. However, most focus on the overall robotic systems, with few summaries on the laparoscopic surgical robots and the master manipulators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper provides a summary and analysis of typical laparoscopic surgical robots, including the strengths and limitations of existing laparoscopic surgical robots. Additionally, the master manipulators are analysed and summarised from four aspects: structural design and optimization, time-varying delays, tremor suppression and force feedback. Further classification and summary are made based on the different methods used in each study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Laparoscopic surgical robots and the master manipulators still have some limitations. Therefore, the development trends of the laparoscopic surgical robots and the master manipulators are discussed from four aspects: structural materials, remote surgery, intelligence and human–machine interaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the continuous advancement of technology, laparoscopic surgical robots will play an increasingly important role in the field of surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junhyun Park, Seonghyeok Jang, Myeongbo Park, Hyojae Park, Jeonghyeon Yoon, Minho Hwang
{"title":"SAM: Semi-Active Mechanism for Extensible Continuum Manipulator and Real-Time Hysteresis Compensation Control Algorithm","authors":"Junhyun Park, Seonghyeok Jang, Myeongbo Park, Hyojae Park, Jeonghyeon Yoon, Minho Hwang","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cable-driven continuum manipulators (CDCMs) enable scar-free procedures but face limitations in workspace and control accuracy due to hysteresis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce an extensible CDCM with a semi-active mechanism (SAM) and develop a real-time hysteresis compensation control algorithm using a temporal convolution network (TCN) based on data collected from fiducial markers and RGBD sensing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Performance validation shows the proposed controller significantly reduces hysteresis by up to 69.5% in random trajectory tracking test and approximately 26% in the box pointing task.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SAM mechanism enables access to various lesions without damaging surrounding tissues. The proposed controller with TCN-based compensation effectively predicts hysteresis behaviour and minimises position and joint angle errors in real-time, which has the potential to enhance surgical task performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Using the Made-in-Japan Robotic System Hinotori Versus Da Vinci: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis","authors":"Hiroki Tsujioka, Kiyoshi Setoguchi, Asumi Nirazuka, Kintaro Hasegawa, Keita Izumi, Akinori Nakayama, Kazutaka Saito","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using hinotori with those of patients who underwent RARP using da Vinci Xi through propensity score matching to evaluate the potential benefits and efficacy of hinotori.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perioperative data of patients who underwent RARP between 2017 and 2023 were retrospectively evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After adjusting for preoperative risk factors, each group comprised 118 propensity score-matched patients. Both median total operative time and median console time were significantly longer in the hinotori group (median differences, 26 and 23 min, respectively). Although the hinotori group had lower estimated blood loss, no significant differences were noted between the groups in postoperative complications, positive surgical margin rates, 12-month biochemical recurrence rates, and urinary continence recovery rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although RARP requires more time with hinotori, our study demonstrated that RARP can be performed safely and effectively immediately after the installation of hinotori.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tactile Feedback in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Systematic Review","authors":"Jacinto Colan, Ana Davila, Yasuhisa Hasegawa","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Robot-assisted systems have predominantly relied on teleoperation, where visual feedback is the primary source of information. However, advances in tactile sensing and displays offer new opportunities to enhance surgical transparency, efficiency, and safety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A PRISMA-guided search was conducted across PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 645 screened articles, 98 met the inclusion criteria, and 33 were included in the final review. The review discusses various tactile feedback stimulus types, applications, and challenges in the context of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While kinaesthetic feedback has been extensively explored to restore the natural interaction between the surgeon and the surgical environment, tactile feedback remains largely confined to research settings. This is due to significant challenges in integrating tactile feedback into robotic systems and current limitations of sensing technologies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Design and Development of an MRI Conditional Robot to Enable Curvilinear Transperineal Prostate Biopsy","authors":"Samuel Lafreniere, Blayton Padasdao, Bardia Konh","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In-bore MRI prostate biopsy offers improved visualisation and detection of significant prostate cancer; however, it is not widely practiced in cancer diagnosis due to its associated costs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work introduces the first prototype towards a 7-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) MRI-conditional piezoelectrically actuated robotic system for transperineal prostate biopsy. The robot enables needle insertions in the desired trajectories. Kinematic and static models of the active needle as well as automated control of the robot are presented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is shown that the controller can force the needle to realize the reference sine and triangular bending angles with an accuracy of 1.78 and 1.88°, respectively, in air. The trajectory tracking capability of the system in free space is shown with an RMS error of 0.86 mm and a standard deviation of 0.36 mm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The robot's capability to steer the needle towards target inside a phantom and extract a sample was evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Shen, Peipei Huang, Qin Zhu, Shoujun Niu, Jia Hu, Wen Qin, Xiaoyun Dai, Jun Luo
{"title":"Risk Factors and Prediction Model for Pressure Injuries in Patients Undergoing Da vinci Surgery","authors":"Yang Shen, Peipei Huang, Qin Zhu, Shoujun Niu, Jia Hu, Wen Qin, Xiaoyun Dai, Jun Luo","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcs.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most patients present at high risk of perioperative pressure injury. Patients may experience severe agony from pressure injuries, which can also result in potentially fatal infections and increase hospital stays and medical expenses. This is a critical issue that requires immediate attention and resolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From December 2019 to August 2023, 335 patients receiving Da vinci surgery in a grade A tertiary hospital were chosen to serve as the participants, and univariate analysis and patients undergoing Da vinci surgery had their risk factors for pressure injuries screened using logistic regression analysis, and in patients having Da vinci surgery, a pressure injury risk prediction model was developed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 335 patients, 195 patients acquired pressure injuries, and the results of logistic regression analysis showed that age, length of surgery, BMI, and nasogastric tube (NGT) were independent risk factors for pressure injuries (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With great risk prediction ability, the risk prediction model for pressure injuries in patients undergoing Da vinci surgery established in this study can be used as an effective assessment tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lijing Chen, Yinan Miao, Hyeonwoo Nam, Hwan Heo, Sang Woo Park, Gyuhae Park
{"title":"Automated Non-Supervised Eye Disorder Screening System Using Virtual Reality","authors":"Lijing Chen, Yinan Miao, Hyeonwoo Nam, Hwan Heo, Sang Woo Park, Gyuhae Park","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neglecting eye disorders can lead to visual impairment or even vision loss, making early diagnosis and medical treatment crucial. This paper presents the development of an automated non-supervised eye disorder screening system that utilises Virtual Reality (VR) to provide a preliminary screening for common eye disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The system integrates advanced pupil-tracking techniques, image-processing methods, and eye disorder screening algorithms into one package for comprehensive eye disorder monitoring, including a strabismus test, a pupil test, and a contrast sensitivity test. Patients can wear a VR headset and use a joystick to interact with the VR scenario.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The system is validated through experiments conducted on both healthy subjects and patients in hospitals, demonstrating an agreement rate exceeding 90% when compared to diagnoses by doctors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The test results highlight its potential for real-world applications, ultimately improving the accessibility of early screening for eye disorders and remote healthcare.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanchao Guo, Yimiao Chen, Xianzheng Zhou, Jianping Bi, Jason Z. Moore, Qinhe Zhang
{"title":"A Dual-Mode Robot-Assisted Plate Implantation Method for Femoral Shaft Fracture","authors":"Yanchao Guo, Yimiao Chen, Xianzheng Zhou, Jianping Bi, Jason Z. Moore, Qinhe Zhang","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimally invasive internal fixation is the preferred treatment option for femoral shaft fractures. However, there are problems such as invisibility, inaccuracy and instability in the process of plate implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, a dual-mode robot-assisted plate implantation method was proposed by combining a starting point determination algorithm, motion capture, deep learning and robotics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The neural network model planned the plate implantation trajectory according to patient's condition. Then, the advantages of high stability and high precision of the robotic arm were used for plate implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The trend and fluctuation of the plate implantation trajectories obtained using this method met clinical requirements. Furthermore, the robotic arm implantation process was safe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
He Zhang, Yan-Jiang Zhao, Yong-De Zhang, Lei Wang, Ye-Xin Jin, Yan-Yi Pei, Hui Gao
{"title":"Path Planning for Multiple Targets for Cannula Flexible Needle With Variable-Curvature Trajectories","authors":"He Zhang, Yan-Jiang Zhao, Yong-De Zhang, Lei Wang, Ye-Xin Jin, Yan-Yi Pei, Hui Gao","doi":"10.1002/rcs.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcs.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Saturated biopsy is widely used in a histopathological examination of prostate biopsy surgery by expanding the target regions and the increasing the number of insertions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The paper proposed a path planning algorithm for multiple targets with a single entry for a cannula flexible needle with variable curvatures. The algorithm is based on modified rapidly-exploring random trees (RRTs), and the variable-curvature motions of the flexible needle are used to achieve optimal path.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The simulation results show that the algorithm has a better form of the paths. The experimental results of five trials showed that the error was 1.42 ± 1.57 mm (mean ± RMSE), and the maximum error was 1.8 mm, which proves high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed path planning algorithm for multiple targets with a single entry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research provides a new solution for prostate saturated biopsy surgery and has high value in future clinical application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}