International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Differential symptom weighting in estimating empirical thresholds for underlying PTSD severity: Toward a “platinum” standard for diagnosis?","authors":"Antonio A. Morgan-López,&nbsp;Lissette M. Saavedra,&nbsp;Denise A. Hien,&nbsp;Sonya B. Norman,&nbsp;Skye S. Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Ai Ye,&nbsp;Therese K. Killeen,&nbsp;Lesia M. Ruglass,&nbsp;Shannon M. Blakey,&nbsp;Sudie E. Back","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1963","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1963","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Symptom counts as the basis for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnoses in the DSM presume each symptom is equally reflective of underlying disorder severity. However, the “equal weight” assumption fails to fit PTSD symptom data when tested. The present study developed an enhanced PTSD diagnosis based on (a) a conventional PTSD diagnosis from a clinical interview and (b) an empirical classification of full PTSD that reflected the relative clinical weights of each symptom.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline structured interview data from Project Harmony (<i>N</i> = 2658) was used. An enhanced diagnosis for full PTSD was estimated using an empirical threshold from moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) latent PTSD scale scores, in combination with a full conventional PTSD diagnosis based on interview data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One in 4 patients in the sample had a PTSD diagnosis that was inconsistent with their empirical PTSD grouping, such that the enhanced diagnostic standard reduced the diagnostic discrepancy rate by 20%. Veterans, and in particular female Veterans, were at greatest odds for discrepancy between their underlying PTSD severity and DSM diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychometric methodologies that differentially weight symptoms can complement DSM criteria and may serve as a platform for symptom prioritization for diagnoses in future editions of DSM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/ce/MPR-32-e1963.PMC10485310.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10208642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent anxiety and depression dimensions differ amongst patients with eating disorders: A Swedish nationwide investigation","authors":"Christopher Hübel,&nbsp;Andreas Birgegård,&nbsp;Therese Johansson,&nbsp;Liselotte V. Petersen,&nbsp;Rasmus Isomaa,&nbsp;Moritz Herle","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1961","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1961","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anxiety and depression symptoms are common in individuals with eating disorders. To study these co-occurrences, we need high-quality self-report questionnaires. The 19-item self-rated Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale for Affective Syndromes (CPRS-S-A) is not validated in patients with eating disorders. We tested its factor structure, invariance, and differences in its latent dimensions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients were registered by 45 treatment units in the Swedish nationwide Stepwise quality assurance database for specialised eating disorder care (<i>n</i> = 9509). Patients self-reported their anxiety and depression symptoms on the CPRS-S-A. Analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in split samples, and testing of invariance and differences in subscales across eating disorder types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results suggested a four-factor solution: Depression, Somatic and fear symptoms, Disinterest, and Worry. Multigroup CFA indicated an invariant factor structure. We detected the following differences: Patients with anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging subtype scored the highest and patients with unspecified feeding and eating disorders the lowest on all subscales. Patients with anorexia nervosa or purging disorder show more somatic and fear symptoms than individuals with either bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our four-factor solution of the CPRS-S-A is suitable for patients with eating disorders and may help to identify differences in anxiety and depression dimensions amongst patients with eating disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.1961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10206565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping length of inpatient treatment duration and year-wise relapse rates in eating disordered populations in a well-defined Western-European healthcare region across 1998–2020","authors":"Peter Andersson,&nbsp;Esmail Jamshidi,&nbsp;Carl-Johan Ekman,&nbsp;Kristina Tedroff,&nbsp;Jonnie Björkander,&nbsp;Magnus Sjögren,&nbsp;Johan Lundberg,&nbsp;Jussi Jokinen,&nbsp;Adrian E. Desai Boström","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1960","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1960","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Updated international guideline recommendations for AN inpatient care rely on expert opinions/observational evidence and promote extended inpatient stays, warranting investigation using higher-level ecological evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted according to Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Data encompassing 13,885 ED inpatients (5336 adolescents and 8549 adults) was retrieved from Swedish public health registries. Variables analyzed included (1) ED inpatient care opportunities, (2) unique number of ED inpatients and (3) mean length of ED-related inpatient stays in age groups 15–19 and 20–88+, across 1998–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean length of inpatient stays was inversely correlated to relapse to ED-related inpatient care within the same year (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, R-squared_adj = 0.5216 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001, R-squared_adj = 0.5090, in the 15–19 and 20–88+ age groups, respectively), independent of number of ED inpatients treated within a year in both age groups. Extending mean adolescent inpatient duration from 35 to 45 days was associated with a ∼30% reduction in the year-wise relapse rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean length of ED-related inpatient treatment stays was associated with reduced relapses to inpatient care within the same year, which could be interpreted as support for recommendations to include a stabilization phase in inpatient ED treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.1960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonizing bifactor models of psychopathology between distinct assessment instruments: Reliability, measurement invariance, and authenticity","authors":"Maurício Scopel Hoffmann,&nbsp;Tyler Maxwell Moore,&nbsp;Luiza Kvitko Axelrud,&nbsp;Nim Tottenham,&nbsp;Luis Augusto Rohde,&nbsp;Michael Peter Milham,&nbsp;Theodore Daniel Satterthwaite,&nbsp;Giovanni Abrahão Salum","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1959","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1959","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Model configuration is important for mental health data harmonization. We provide a method to investigate the performance of different bifactor model configurations to harmonize different instruments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from six samples from the Reproducible Brain Charts initiative (<i>N</i> = 8,606, ages 5–22 years, 41.0% females). We harmonized items from two psychopathology instruments, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and GOASSESS, based on semantic content. We estimated bifactor models using confirmatory factor analysis, and calculated their model fit, factor reliability, between-instrument invariance, and authenticity (i.e., the correlation and factor score difference between the harmonized and original models).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five out of 12 model configurations presented acceptable fit and were instrument-invariant. Correlations between the harmonized factor scores and the original full-item models were high for the p-factor (&gt;0.89) and small to moderate (0.12–0.81) for the specific factors. 6.3%–50.9% of participants presented factor score differences between harmonized and original models higher than 0.5 z-score.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CBCL-GOASSESS harmonization indicates that few models provide reliable specific factors and are instrument-invariant. Moreover, authenticity was high for the p-factor and moderate for specific factors. Future studies can use this framework to examine the impact of harmonizing instruments in psychiatric research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/e4/MPR-32-e1959.PMC10485343.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10260402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and field procedures for the clinical reappraisal of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.3 in Qatar's national mental health study","authors":"Iman Amro,&nbsp;Amal Ali,&nbsp;Mohamed H. M. O. Hassan,&nbsp;Mahmoud Al Shawwaf,&nbsp;Ahmed Alhassan,&nbsp;Dalia Al Bahari,&nbsp;Hana El Fakki,&nbsp;Zainab Hijawi,&nbsp;Sheeren Aly,&nbsp;Asmaa Amin,&nbsp;Rumaisa Mohammed,&nbsp;Marwa Nofal,&nbsp;Menatalla Abdelkader,&nbsp;Salma Salman,&nbsp;James Currie,&nbsp;Majid Alabdulla,&nbsp;Nancy A. Sampson,&nbsp;Michael First,&nbsp;Ronald C. Kessler,&nbsp;Peter W. Woodruff,&nbsp;Salma M. Khaled","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1958","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1958","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) has been clinically reappraised in several studies conducted mainly in the US and Europe. This report describes the methodology used to conduct one of the Middle East's largest clinical reappraisal studies. The study was carried out in conjunction with the World Mental Health Qatar—the first national psychiatric epidemiological study of common mental disorders in the country. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic consistency of core modules of the newly translated and adapted Arabic version of the CIDI 5.0 against the independent clinical diagnoses based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Telephone follow-up interviews were administered by trained clinicians using the latest research edition of the SCID for DSM-5. Telephone administered interviews were key in the data collection, as the study took place during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, within 12 months, 485 interviews were completed. The response rate was 52%. Quality control monitoring documented excellent adherence of clinical interviews to the rating protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall methods used in this study proved to be efficient and effective. For future research, instrument cultural adaptation within the cultural context is highly recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.1958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10260397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinically significant anxiety as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: Results from a 10-year follow-up community study","authors":"Patricia Gracia-García,&nbsp;Juan Bueno-Notivol,&nbsp;Darren M. Lipnicki,&nbsp;Concepción de la Cámara,&nbsp;Antonio Lobo,&nbsp;Javier Santabárbara","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1934","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1934","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is growing evidence for an association between anxiety and an increased risk of dementia, but it is not clear whether anxiety is a risk factor or a prodromic symptom. In this study, we investigated if clinically significant anxiety increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) up to 10 years later.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from the longitudinal Zaragoza Dementia and Depression (ZARADEMP) Project. Excluding subjects with dementia at baseline left us with 3044 individuals aged &gt;65 years. The Geriatric Mental State-Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS-AGECAT) package was used to identify cases and subcases of anxiety. AD was diagnosed by a panel of research psychiatrists according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Multivariate survival analysis with a competing risk regression model was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed a significant association between clinically significant anxiety at baseline and AD risk within a 10-year follow-up (SHR 2.82 [95% CI 1.21–6.58]), after controlling for confounders including depression. In contrast, isolated symptoms of anxiety were not significantly associated with an increased incidence of AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results support the hypothesis that clinically significant anxiety is an independent risk factor for AD and not just a prodromic symptom. Future studies should clarify if treating anxiety reduces the incidence of AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/b5/MPR-32-e1934.PMC10485344.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10206537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometrics of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia present and lifetime version for DSM-5 in Japanese outpatients","authors":"Takuya Makino,&nbsp;Futoshi Suzuki,&nbsp;Takeshi Nishiyama,&nbsp;Saeko Ishibashi,&nbsp;Hidetaka Nakamichi,&nbsp;Tomoko Iida,&nbsp;Shoko Shimada,&nbsp;Shinji Tomari,&nbsp;Eiji Imanari,&nbsp;Takuma Higashi,&nbsp;Shintaro Fukumoto,&nbsp;Sawa Kurata,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Mizuno,&nbsp;Takuma Kimura,&nbsp;Yukiko Kuru,&nbsp;Takeshi Morimoto,&nbsp;Hirotaka Kosaka","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1957","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1957","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) is a widely used semi-structured diagnostic interview in child and adolescent psychiatry. However, the psychometric properties of its updated version, the K-SADS-PL for DSM-5, have scarcely been examined, especially for criterion validity. This study was designed to examine the inter-rater reliability, criterion validity and construct validity of the K-SADS-PL for DSM-5 in 137 Japanese outpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two of 12 experienced clinicians independently performed the K-SADS interview for each patient in a conjoint session, and the resulting consensus diagnosis was compared with a “best-estimate” diagnosis made by two of eight experienced clinicians using all available information for the patient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The inter-rater reliability was excellent, as shown by <i>κ</i> &gt; 0.75 for all disorders, with the exception of current separation anxiety disorder. The criterion validity was fair to good, as shown by <i>κ</i> &gt; 0.40 for all disorders, with the exception of current and lifetime agoraphobia. The construct validity was also good, as shown by theoretically expected associations between the K-SADS-PL diagnoses and subscales of the child behavior checklist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The K-SADS-PL for DSM-5, now available in Japanese, generates valid diagnoses in child and adolescent psychiatry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.1957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10548960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International monitoring of capacity of treatment systems for alcohol and drug use disorders: Methodology of the Service Capacity Index for Substance Use Disorders","authors":"Dzmitry Krupchanka,&nbsp;Tomas Formanek,&nbsp;Kevin Shield,&nbsp;Jürgen Rehm,&nbsp;Martijn W. Heymans,&nbsp;Alexandra Fleischmann,&nbsp;Louisa Degenhardt,&nbsp;Tarek Gawad,&nbsp;Vladimir Poznyak","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1950","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1950","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to develop a Service Capacity Index for Substance Use Disorders (SCI-SUD) that would reflect the capacity of national health systems to provide treatment for alcohol and drug use disorders, in terms of the proportion of available service elements in a given country from a theoretical maximum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected through the WHO Global Survey on Progress with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Health Target 3.5, conducted between December 2019 and July 2020 to produce the SCI-SUD, based on 378 variables overall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SCI-SUD was directly derived for 145 countries. We used multiple imputation to produce comparable SCI-SUD estimates for countries that did not submit data (40 countries) or had very high level of missingness (9 countries). The final SCI-SUD demonstrates considerable consistency and internal stability and is strongly associated with the macro-level economic, healthcare-related and epidemiologic (such as prevalence rates) variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presented methodology represents a step forward in monitoring the global situation in regard to the development of treatment systems for SU disorders, however, further work is warranted to improve the external validity of the measure (e.g., in-depth data generation in countries) and ensure its feasibility for regular reporting (e.g., reducing the number of variables).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/71/7e/MPR-32-e1950.PMC10485318.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Optimal’ cutoff selection in studies of depression screening tool accuracy using the PHQ-9, EPDS, or HADS-D: A meta-research study","authors":"Eliana Brehaut,&nbsp;Dipika Neupane,&nbsp;Brooke Levis,&nbsp;Yin Wu,&nbsp;Ying Sun,&nbsp;John P. A. Ioannidis,&nbsp;Sarah Markham,&nbsp;Pim Cuijpers,&nbsp;Scott B. Patten,&nbsp;Andrea Benedetti,&nbsp;Brett D. Thombs","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1956","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1956","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimal cutoff thresholds are selected to separate ‘positive’ from ‘negative’ screening results. We evaluated how depression screening tool studies select optimal cutoffs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included studies from previously conducted meta-analyses of Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, or Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Depression accuracy. Outcomes included whether an optimal cutoff was selected, method used, recommendations made, and reporting guideline and protocol citation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 212 included studies, 172 (81%) attempted to identify an optimal cutoff, and 147 of these 172 (85%) reported one or more methods. Methods were heterogeneous with Youden's J (<i>N</i> = 35, 23%) most common. Only 23 of 147 (16%) studies described a rationale for their method. Rationales focused on balancing sensitivity and specificity without describing why desirable. 131 of 172 studies (76%) identified an optimal cutoff other than the standard; most did not make use recommendations (<i>N</i> = 56; 43%) or recommended using a non-standard cutoff (<i>N</i> = 53; 40%). Only 4 studies cited a reporting guideline, and 4 described a protocol with optimal cutoff selection methods, but none used the protocol method in the published study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research is needed to guide how selection of cutoffs for depression screening tools can be standardized and reflect clinical considerations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/a7/MPR-32-e1956.PMC10485315.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10556499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White-matter correlates of anxiety: The contribution of the corpus-callosum to the study of anxiety and stress-related disorders","authors":"Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy,&nbsp;Jonathan Guez,&nbsp;Yael Jacob,&nbsp;Ronel Veksler,&nbsp;Jonathan E. Cohen,&nbsp;Ilan Shelef,&nbsp;Alon Friedman,&nbsp;Mony Benifla","doi":"10.1002/mpr.1955","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.1955","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traumatic stress has been associated with increased risk for brain alterations and development of anxiety disorders. Studies conducted in posttraumatic patients have shown white-mater volume and diffusion alterations in the corpus-callosum. Decreased cognitive performance has been demonstrated in acute stress disorder and posttraumatic patients. However, whether cognitive alterations result from stress related neuropathology or reflect a predisposition is not known. In the current study, we examined in healthy controls, whether individual differences in anxiety are associated with those cognitive and brain alterations reported in stress related pathologies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty healthy volunteers were evaluated for anxiety using the state-trait inventory (STAI), and were tested for memory performance. Brain imaging was employed to extract volumetric and diffusion characteristics of the corpus-callosum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant correlations were found between trait anxiety and all three diffusion parameters (fractional-anisotropy, mean and radial-diffusivity). Associative-memory performance and corpus-callosum volume were also significantly correlated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We suggest that cognitive and brain alterations, as tested in the current work and reported in stress related pathologies, are present early and possibly persist throughout life. Our findings support the hypothesis that individual differences in trait anxiety predispose individuals towards negative cognitive outcomes and brain alterations, and potentially to stress related disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.1955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}