International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Network aspects of integrating 5G and satellite communication","authors":"Toon Norp,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Fine,&nbsp;Relja Djapic","doi":"10.1002/sat.1463","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1463","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since 2017, 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) is working on integration of satellite communication in 3GPP. This paper discusses the results of the work on service and network architecture aspects in 3GPP Technical Specification Group (TSG) Service and System Aspects (SA) and 3GPP TSG Core Networks and Terminals (CT). This paper does not discuss radio aspects as are specified in 3GPP TSG radio access network (RAN). 3GPP first specified requirements and use cases for satellite access. Subsequently, architecture and protocol specifications were created for integration scenarios, direct access, network selection, mobility management, and satellite backhaul with quality of service (QoS). Also, impacts of regulatory aspects on satellite integration have been discussed in 3GPP. With the completion of Release 17, 3GPP specifications are now ready for implementation of integrated 5G satellite networks. 3GPP will continue with further development of satellite integration in Release 18 and Release 19.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 3","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46956352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource scheduling in mobile edge computing using improved ant colony algorithm for space information network","authors":"Yufei Wang,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Yu Tong,&nbsp;Qingwen Yang,&nbsp;Yanyi Liu,&nbsp;Hanbo Mou","doi":"10.1002/sat.1467","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1467","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the development of space information network (SIN), new network applications are emerging. Satellites are not only used for storage and transmission but also gradually used for calculation and analysis, so the demand for resources is increasing. But satellite resources are still limited. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is considered an effective technique to reduce the pressure on satellite resources. To solve the problem of task execution delay caused by limited satellite resources, we designed Space Mobile Edge Computing Network (SMECN) architecture. According to this architecture, we propose a resource scheduling method. First, we decompose the user tasks in SMECN, so that the tasks can be assigned to different servers. An improved ant colony resource scheduling algorithm for SMECN is proposed. The heuristic factors and pheromones of the ant colony algorithm are improved through time and resource constraints, and the roulette algorithm is applied to route selection to avoid falling into the local optimum. We propose a dynamic scheduling algorithm to improve the contract network protocol to cope with the dynamic changes of the SIN and dynamically adjust the task execution to improve the service capability of the SIN. The simulation results show that when the number of tasks reaches 200, the algorithm proposed in this paper takes 17.52% less execution time than the Min-Min algorithm, uses 9.58% less resources than the PSO algorithm, and achieves a resource allocation rate of 91.65%. Finally, introducing dynamic scheduling algorithms can effectively reduce task execution time and improve task availability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 4","pages":"331-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47345543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and implementation of variable coding and modulation for LEO high-resolution Earth observation satellite","authors":"Li Li,&nbsp;Xiaosong Zheng,&nbsp;Mingyi He,&nbsp;Fan Jin,&nbsp;Tianjiao Xie,&nbsp;Haiyi Cao","doi":"10.1002/sat.1465","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1465","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As LEO (Low Earth Orbit) high-resolution Earth observation satellite needs to transmit a large amount of remote sensing data from the satellite to the ground station, higher downlink capacity still poses a severe challenge to LEO. Therefore, variable coding and modulation (VCM) has become an important scheme to optimize the performance of satellite downlink. In this paper, the downlink VCM system of China Earth observation satellite is studied for the first time. By evaluating the free space loss of the satellite downlink path, a VCM-based satellite downlink system is designed, and a DVB-S2 BCH-LDPC encoded variable bit rate high-order MAPSK modulator is implemented. The maximum channel bit rate can reach 3.5 Gbps. Then, the experimental results of Gaofen-7 satellite, which was launched in November 2019, are carried out which showed that our design method effectively meets the design requirements, and the performance is verified.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 4","pages":"303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49454558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the acknowledgement frequency in IETF QUIC","authors":"Ana Custura,&nbsp;Tom Jones,&nbsp;Raffaello Secchi,&nbsp;Gorry Fairhurst","doi":"10.1002/sat.1466","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Satellite networks usually use in-network methods (such as Performance Enhancing Proxies for TCP) to adapt the transport to the characteristics of the forward and return paths. QUIC is a transport protocol that prevents the use of in–network methods. This paper explores the use of the recently–standardised IETF QUIC protocol with a focus on the implications on performance when using different acknowledgement policies to reduce the number of packets and volume of bytes sent on the return path. Our analysis evaluates a set of ACK policies for three IETF QUIC implementations, examining performance over cellular, terrestrial and satellite networks. It shows that QUIC performance can be maintained even when sending fewer acknowledgements, and recommends a new QUIC acknowledgement policy that adapts QUIC's ACK Delay value based on the path RTT to ensure timely feedback. The resulting policy is shown to reduce the volume/rate of traffic sent on the return path and associated processing costs in endpoints, without sacrificing throughput.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 4","pages":"315-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48151672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectural Decisions for Communications Satellite Constellations to Maintain Profitability While Serving Uncovered and Underserved Communities","authors":"Inigo del Portillo,&nbsp;Sydney I. Dolan,&nbsp;Bruce G. Cameron,&nbsp;Edward F. Crawley","doi":"10.1002/sat.1464","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1464","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rise of the commercial space industry has resulted in the development of mega-constellations that promise to provide global broadband. These constellations capitalize on advancements in technology, improved modeling capabilities, and reductions in launch cost. One of the significant open questions is whether these constellations will significantly increase access for uncovered and underserved communities, in addition to serving existing markets. This paper analyzes which constellation characteristics provide the best global coverage at the lowest operational cost. First, we present the demand model that assesses the number of under-served and uncovered users in a given region. Then, we present a genetic algorithm used to identify potential constellations. Finally, we conclude by identifying which characteristics are the most promising for broadband constellations, as well as predictions of how the market will develop in the coming years. Our analysis has found that geostationary (GEO) and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite constellations have the highest likelihood of profitability. LEO networks are on average 27% more expensive, but if designed wisely, they can be competitive. Our work shows that there are diminishing returns with large constellations, and that it is more cost effective to have a small number of highly capable satellites, rather than many low complexity satellites. Key technologies like high frequency bands and miniaturization of components can lead to further cost reductions and increase the competitiveness of LEO constellations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 1","pages":"82-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42450901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical layer enhancements in 5G-NR for direct access via satellite systems","authors":"Stefano Cioni,&nbsp;Xingqin Lin,&nbsp;Baptiste Chamaillard,&nbsp;Mohamed El Jaafari,&nbsp;Gilles Charbit,&nbsp;Leszek Raschkowski","doi":"10.1002/sat.1461","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1461","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the several features and capabilities introduced by every new 3GPP release on 5G cellular systems, the latest Release 17 will be remembered as the first that specifies a set of enhancements and adaptations to support mobile broadband services via satellite direct access. Specifically focused on the necessary physical layer mechanism and procedure modifications, this paper will present in detail the 3GPP work about the inclusion of satellite systems in 5G networks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 3","pages":"262-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48763771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5G meets satellite: Non-terrestrial network architecture and 3GPP","authors":"Gino Masini,&nbsp;Philippe Reininger,&nbsp;Mohamed El Jaafari,&nbsp;Alexander Vesely,&nbsp;Nicolas Chuberre,&nbsp;Benjamin Baudry,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Houssin","doi":"10.1002/sat.1456","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1456","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With 3GPP Release-17, global 5G standards now support non-terrestrial mobile networks comprising radio access network, terminals, and core network. This enables multi-vendor interoperability as well as interoperability with 3GPP-compliant 5G systems. This paper describes the key features enabling the NG-RAN architecture defined for 5G to support non-terrestrial networks. Starting from a general overview of NG-RAN and of the new paradigms of NTN, we introduce the NTN functionality in NG-RAN specifications with respect to feeder link switchover, cell handling, terminal registration, and OAM aspects. We also discuss different scenarios combining satellite access with 3GPP-defined core networks. We also describe some further enhancements expected to be seen in the next 3GPP release (Rel-18). We believe current and upcoming 3GPP work for NTN represents a solid basis on which 5G satellite networks can be built in the upcoming future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 3","pages":"249-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48014498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requirements on Satellite Access Node and User Equipment for Non-Terrestrial Networks in 5G New Radio of 3GPP Release-17","authors":"Dorin Panaitopol,&nbsp;Yiran Jin,&nbsp;Runsen Tang,&nbsp;Changhwan Park","doi":"10.1002/sat.1459","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the first time, 3GPP considered in Release-17 the introduction of mobile satellite service (MSS) frequency bands for 3GPP user equipment (UE) direct connectivity with satellites and had to consider the coexistence in adjacent bands with terrestrial networks (TNs). This paper will further explain the most challenging and the main surprising outcomes of this work, which opened new market opportunities for both terrestrial and nonterrestrial stakeholders. 5G New Radio nonterrestrial networks (NTNs) for satellite communications are representing a major breakthrough in the history of telecommunication for the capability of reuniting two different types of services, that is, terrestrial and nonterrestrial, by reusing the same waveform and potentially the same type of terminal. One of the major conclusions of the 5G NR NTN 3GPP work in Release-17 was that NTN UE could reuse the current requirements of the TN UE. For this reason, the same terminal can connect to both TNs and to nonterrestrial satellite constellations. Consequently, the market is not fragmented and therefore there will be a real opportunity for both terrestrial and satellite operators to increase the coverage and the quality of the service all over the world. This is one of the most important breakthroughs that 3GPP Release-17 work was able to justify because it clearly shows that satellite connectivity using 5G NR technology is not only for dedicated satellite 5G NR UE with a higher power class. On the other hand, the 3GPP work also shows that the satellite connectivity does not require a dedicated satellite waveform, because 5G NR waveform based on CP-OFDM (for downlink) and DFT-s-OFDM (for uplink) is sufficient. Another important finding is that TN can coexist with NTN on adjacent channels with relaxed ACIR requirements for the tested simulation scenarios. In fact, the satellite 5G NR requirements are lower when compared with terrestrial base station (BS) requirements from previous 3GPP releases. The satellite ecosystem tremendously changed after these findings, and both satellite and terrestrial stakeholders now see a potential market opportunity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 3","pages":"289-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45453578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest editorial IJSCN special issue on ASMS/SPSC 2020","authors":"Sandro Scalise,&nbsp;Alessandro Vanelli-Coralli,&nbsp;Alberto Ginesi,&nbsp;Domenico Mignolo","doi":"10.1002/sat.1462","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1462","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This special issue of the &lt;i&gt;Wiley International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking&lt;/i&gt; hosts a selection of papers from the 10th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems (ASMS) Conference and the 16th Signal Processing for Space Communications (SPSC) Workshop, held virtually on 20–21 October 2020. They were jointly organised by the DLR Institute for Communications and Navigation and JOANNEUM RESEARCH, with the scientific support of the European Space Agency, the University of Bologna and the Graz University of Technology under the auspices of ‘Das Land Steiermark’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ASMS conference and SPSC workshop have become recognised events for industry and research institutions to exchange up-to-date information about recent advances and emerging technologies in the field of satellite communication systems. The ESA's SPSC workshop dates back to 1988 when pioneering work in digital signal processing for satellite communications was first presented by worldwide authorities in the field. In addition, following the successful path opened by the 2006 edition of ASMS and continued with regular biannual editions, the scope of the conference has been further widened, as the small though important change in its name by replacing the word ‘mobile’ with ‘multimedia’ testifies. This is remarkable not only because the major part of the satcom market belongs to broadcasting and broadband access operators but fundamentally because the convergence of broadcast, mobile and fixed satellite communications is essential to offer seamless connectivity anywhere at anytime, which is recognised as the key element for the successful deployment of future satellite systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This issue collects the extended versions of four of the best papers presented at the 2020 ASMS/SPSC joint event. The papers have been selected with the aim of providing an insight in the developments and findings in this exciting field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the first paper ‘QUIC: Opportunities and Threats in SATCOM’, the authors investigate the feasibility of deploying the recently standardised QUIC protocol over satellite networks by analysis in the potentials of its application as well as its shortcomings especially in terms of performance degradation in light of the impossibility of using PEP-based solutions to boost data transfers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second paper ‘Supervised Machine Learning for Power and Bandwidth Management in VHTS Systems’ analyses the potential of supervised machine learning solutions applied to the problem of resource allocation for VHTS systems implementing flexible payloads. In particular, the case of performance optimisation achievable by suitably allocating power and bandwidth onboard satellite is investigated. The results obtained by means of effective machine learning solutions outperform classical configurations taken from the existing literature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the third paper ‘Design of a 3D ray-tracing model based on digital elevation model for comprehension of large- and s","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 6","pages":"377-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51508805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slant path rain attenuation predictions for Ku and Ka band frequencies from rain cell size distribution over a tropical region in southern India","authors":"Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Kalluru,&nbsp;Chandrika Panigrahi,&nbsp;Vedavathi Cherlopalli,&nbsp;Vijaya Bhaskara Rao Sarangam","doi":"10.1002/sat.1457","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1457","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rain cell size distribution that provides an insight into the modelling of effective slant path length and also imperative for site diversity studies are carried out for a tropical inland location, Tirupati (13.6°N, 76.3°E), India. Rain cell size distribution obtained from 5 years (2013–2015 and 2017–2018) of Parsivel disdrometer measurements is observed to follow the power law. Reduction factor that accounts for the inhomogeneity of the rain along the propagation path for the region of study is modified in terms of the rain cell size distribution of the area. Slant path rain attenuation, a major propagation impediment at Ku and Ka-band links, is then studied using the results from the regional rain characteristics by modifying the CCIR 564-4 report. The attenuation results are compared with Garcia-Lopez, Excell, Bryant, and Ramachandran models while considering the ITU-R P. 618-13 as the standard model.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 1","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41574268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}