Base station location generation algorithm for satellite-terrestrial co-existence studies

The enormous growth of mobile broadband traffic is a catalyst for expanding terrestrial communication systems and their integration with satellite communication systems. This results in sharing frequencies allocated to satellite communication systems with terrestrial systems. As this can lead to interference between the incumbent and the upcoming service, coexistence studies are conducted. In the case of sharing satellite uplink frequencies with terrestrial communication systems, interference from base stations (BSs) is dominant. While there are methods to estimate the number of BSs that may be deployed, it is unclear where the BSs will be located. The BS locations play a pivotal role in interference calculation, as the values of link budget parameters are highly dependent on the longitude and latitude of interfering transmitters. This article presents an intelligent method which balances network capacity and coverage for simulating base stations (BSs) in coexistence studies. A realistic BS distribution is generated using weighted K-means clustering (WKMC) algorithm and incorporating population density along with Haversine distance. The paper provides a case study of co-frequency, co-coverage interference in the satellite uplink in the C-band to demonstrate the impact of BS distribution on the results of coexistence studies. This paper will find applications in upcoming frequency sharing and coexistence studies and the design of integrated satellite-terrestrial communication networks.