Eng Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/eng5030075

Petros Paplomatas, Dimitris Rigas, Athanasia Sergounioti, Aris Vrahatis

{"title":"Enhancing Metabolic Syndrome Detection through Blood Tests Using Advanced Machine Learning","authors":"Petros Paplomatas, Dimitris Rigas, Athanasia Sergounioti, Aris Vrahatis","doi":"10.3390/eng5030075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030075","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a serious condition associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, underscores the urgent need for effective diagnostic tools. This research carefully examines the effectiveness of 16 diverse machine learning (ML) models in predicting MetS, a multifaceted health condition linked to increased risks of heart disease and other serious health complications. Utilizing a comprehensive, unpublished dataset of imbalanced blood test results, spanning from 2017 to 2022, from the Laboratory Information System of the General Hospital of Amfissa, Greece, our study embarks on a novel approach to enhance MetS diagnosis. By harnessing the power of advanced ML techniques, we aim to predict MetS with greater accuracy using non-invasive blood test data, thereby reducing the reliance on more invasive diagnostic methods. Central to our methodology is the application of the Borda count method, an innovative technique employed to refine the dataset. This process prioritizes the most relevant variables, as determined by the performance of the leading ML models, ensuring a more focused and effective analysis. Our selection of models, encompassing a wide array of ML techniques, allows for a comprehensive comparison of their individual predictive capabilities in identifying MetS. This study not only illuminates the unique strengths of each ML model in predicting MetS but also reveals the expansive potential of these methods in the broader landscape of health diagnostics. The insights gleaned from our analysis are pivotal in shaping more efficient strategies for the management and prevention of metabolic syndrome, thereby addressing a significant concern in public health.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calotropis Gigantea Latex-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biofunctional Applications 鹅掌楸胶乳衍生的纳米氧化锌颗粒：生物合成、表征和生物功能应用

Eng Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/eng5030073

Jayalekshmi C, Rajiv Periakaruppan, V. Romanovski, Karungan Selvaraj Vijai Selvaraj, Noura Al-Dayan

{"title":"Calotropis Gigantea Latex-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biofunctional Applications","authors":"Jayalekshmi C, Rajiv Periakaruppan, V. Romanovski, Karungan Selvaraj Vijai Selvaraj, Noura Al-Dayan","doi":"10.3390/eng5030073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030073","url":null,"abstract":"Latex of C. gigantea was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by the green chemistry approach. The crystalline size, shape, and purity of as-synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized through scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Crystalline, spherical ZnO NPs with an average size of 21.8 nm were formed. In addition, the biological properties of the ZnO NPs, such as antioxidant and antibacterial activity, were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the agar well-diffusion method. The highest free radical scavenging activities of 83.11 ± 1.89 % were observed at a concentration of 350 μg/mL of C. gigantea latex-mediated ZnO NPs. The latex in the C. gigantea latex-mediated ZnO NPs inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition was found in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. C. gigantea latex-mediated ZnO NPs have significant biocompatibility and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against wound-causing bacteria and, therefore, can be suggested for use in the formulation of novel creams or gels for healing applications.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empowering Remote Living: Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Mexico 为偏远地区的生活赋能：墨西哥优化混合可再生能源系统

Eng Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/eng5030072

Juan Carlos León Gómez, Jesús Aguayo Alquicira, Susana Estefany de León Aldaco, Oscar Sánchez Vargas, Kenia Yadira Gómez Díaz

{"title":"Empowering Remote Living: Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Mexico","authors":"Juan Carlos León Gómez, Jesús Aguayo Alquicira, Susana Estefany de León Aldaco, Oscar Sánchez Vargas, Kenia Yadira Gómez Díaz","doi":"10.3390/eng5030072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030072","url":null,"abstract":"The developing environmental consequences of excessive dependence on fossil fuels have pushed many countries to invest in clean and renewable energy sources. Mexico is a country that, due to its geographic and climatic diversity, can take advantage of this potential in renewable energy generation and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels while developing strategies to improve its energy system. This study investigated the feasibility of the autonomous use of two hybrid renewable energy systems and a photovoltaic system to power homes in a remote location. With the help of HOMER Pro Version 3.14.5 software, a model was made to evaluate the operation of three systems for one year, and the demand was predicted according to a given scenario. In addition, the optimal configuration of the components of each system was determined. The results showed that the simultaneous use of solar systems with a converter and a backup system consisting of a diesel generator and batteries would be the most viable and reliable option for generating renewable energy at the selected location, offering electricity with a renewable fraction of more than 80%.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk Management and Assessment Hybrid Framework for Business Process Reengineering Projects: Application in Automotive Sector 业务流程重组项目的风险管理与评估混合框架：在汽车行业的应用

Eng Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/eng5030071

Raffak Hicham, Lakhouili Abdallah, Mansouri Mohamed

引用次数: 0

Transforming CO2 into Synthetic Fuels: Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization Analysis of Methanol Production from Industrial Wastes 将二氧化碳转化为合成燃料：利用工业废料生产甲醇的建模、模拟和优化分析

Eng Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/eng5030070

V. Kontou, Antonis Peppas, Sotiris Kottaridis, C. Politi, S. Karellas

{"title":"Transforming CO2 into Synthetic Fuels: Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization Analysis of Methanol Production from Industrial Wastes","authors":"V. Kontou, Antonis Peppas, Sotiris Kottaridis, C. Politi, S. Karellas","doi":"10.3390/eng5030070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030070","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has emerged in recent years as a promising decarbonization solution for hard-to-abate industries. Compared to carbon capture and storage (CCS), CCU aims not for the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) but for its use in the production of synthetic fuels, such as synthetic methanol (MeOH). Synthetic MeOH is produced through CO2 hydrogenation, utilizing green hydrogen (H2). Efficient use of CO2 and H2 feedstocks is essential to maximize the carbon reduction potential and energy efficiency of the process. This study performed an optimization analysis on a small-scale, containerized, and portable CO2 hydrogenation unit with a 5 kg MeOH/h production capacity goal, focusing on carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), MeOH yield, H2 consumption, and MeOH purity. The analysis was conducted using Aspen Plus V12. A single-pass model was used first to evaluate an initial reactor design. The reactor was then re-designed according to the results of the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV). The model was then expanded to include a recycling loop and the final reactor design was validated, aiming to maximize overall efficiency. The effects of the operational parameters including the reactor inlet temperature, reactor pressure, thermal fluid temperature, and condensation temperature were examined. The model was then further expanded to include the MeOH distillation process, and the effect of the distillation temperature was examined. The final product of the analysis was a fully-defined and optimized unit, achieving an 87.97% CCE and an 84.99% MeOH yield, consuming 1.11 kg H2/h for the production of 5.01 kg MeOH/h of 99.86 wt% purity. This study can provide valuable information and guidelines for designing small-scale, containerized, and portable CO2 hydrogenation units, which can serve as alternative solutions to address issues of H2 production and transportation related to large-scale installations.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct Air Capture (DAC) for Achieving Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: Advances, Applications, and Challenges 实现二氧化碳净零排放的直接空气捕获 (DAC)：进展、应用与挑战

Eng Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/eng5030069

Guiheng Li, Jia Yao

{"title":"Direct Air Capture (DAC) for Achieving Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: Advances, Applications, and Challenges","authors":"Guiheng Li, Jia Yao","doi":"10.3390/eng5030069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030069","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2), as the primary greenhouse gas, has significant impacts on global climate change, leading to severe and irreversible adverse consequences for ecosystems and human environments. To address the issue of excessive CO2 emissions, efforts in recent years have yielded significant progress in the development of clean energy sources and the promotion of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. Conventional CO2 capture techniques are limited in addressing global atmospheric CO2 excess effectively, as they target only high-concentration CO2 emissions and require implementation at specific emission points. Direct air capture (DAC) technology has emerged as a promising solution due to its flexibility in deployment, avoidance of land competition, and ability to capture legacy CO2 emissions. Additionally, DAC offers opportunities for producing synthetic clean fuels, thereby reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuels and aiding in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study provides a comprehensive review of DAC technology, encompassing its principles, technological advancements, real-world applications, challenges, and future research directions. By offering insights into the current state and potential of DAC technology, this study aims to guide global efforts in scaling up DAC deployment, ultimately contributing to achieving global carbon neutrality or even negative emissions.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A State-of-the-Art Review in Big Data Management Engineering: Real-Life Case Studies, Challenges, and Future Research Directions 大数据管理工程的最新进展回顾：真实案例研究、挑战与未来研究方向

Eng Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.3390/eng5030068

Leonidas Theodorakopoulos, Alexandra Theodoropoulou, Y. Stamatiou

{"title":"A State-of-the-Art Review in Big Data Management Engineering: Real-Life Case Studies, Challenges, and Future Research Directions","authors":"Leonidas Theodorakopoulos, Alexandra Theodoropoulou, Y. Stamatiou","doi":"10.3390/eng5030068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030068","url":null,"abstract":"The explosion of data volume in the digital age has completely changed the corporate and industrial environments. In-depth analysis of large datasets to support strategic decision-making and innovation is the main focus of this paper’s exploration of big data management engineering. A thorough examination of the basic elements and approaches necessary for efficient big data use—data collecting, storage, processing, analysis, and visualization—is given in this paper. With real-life case studies from several sectors to complement our exploration of cutting-edge methods in big data management, we present useful applications and results. This document lists the difficulties in handling big data, such as guaranteeing scalability, governance, and data quality. It also describes possible future study paths to deal with these issues and promote ongoing creativity. The results stress the need to combine cutting-edge technology with industry standards to improve decision-making based on data. Through an analysis of approaches such as machine learning, real-time data processing, and predictive analytics, this paper offers insightful information to companies hoping to use big data as a strategic advantage. Lastly, this paper presents real-life use cases in different sectors and discusses future trends such as the utilization of big data by emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"11 S11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Pupillary Light Response through Low-Cost Pupillometry and Machine Learning Techniques 通过低成本瞳孔测量和机器学习技术表征瞳孔光反应

Eng Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.3390/eng5020059

D. Gutierrez-Hernandez, Miguel S. Gómez-Díaz, Francisco J. Casillas-Rodríguez, Emmanuel Ovalle-Magallanes

{"title":"Characterization of Pupillary Light Response through Low-Cost Pupillometry and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"D. Gutierrez-Hernandez, Miguel S. Gómez-Díaz, Francisco J. Casillas-Rodríguez, Emmanuel Ovalle-Magallanes","doi":"10.3390/eng5020059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5020059","url":null,"abstract":"This article employed pupillometry as a non-invasive technique to analyze pupillary light reflex (PLR) using LED flash stimuli. Particularly, for the experiments, only the red LED with a wavelength of 600 nm served as the light stimulation source. To stabilize the initial pupil size, a pre-stimulus (PRE) period of 3 s was implemented, followed by a 1 s stimulation period (ON) and a 4 s post-stimulus period (POST). Moreover, an experimental, low-cost pupillometer prototype was designed to capture pupillary images of 13 participants. The prototype consists of a 2-megapixel web camera and a lighting system comprising infrared and RGB LEDs for image capture in low-light conditions and stimulus induction, respectively. The study reveals several characteristic features for classifying the phenomenon, notably the mobility of Hjórth parameters, achieving classification percentages ranging from 97% to 99%, and offering novel insights into pattern recognition in pupillary activity. Moreover, the proposed device successfully captured the PLR from all the participants with zero reported incidents or health affectations.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of Injectable Dicalcium Phosphate Bone Cement for Potential Orthopedic Applications 制备具有骨科应用潜力的注射用磷酸二钙骨水泥

Eng Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/eng5020056

Kholoud Jabar Wali, Ali Taha Saleh, G. F. Huseien

{"title":"Preparation of Injectable Dicalcium Phosphate Bone Cement for Potential Orthopedic Applications","authors":"Kholoud Jabar Wali, Ali Taha Saleh, G. F. Huseien","doi":"10.3390/eng5020056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5020056","url":null,"abstract":"Various natural wastes can be promising for mining more valuable compounds if some specialized extraction techniques are adopted. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a significant biomaterial that can be extracted from waste bovine bones by heating them at 700 °C and 900 °C. Based on this idea, we made a novel dicalcium phosphate (DCP) bone cement (BC) by extracting HA via the reaction with monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) and trisodium citrate. The setting time, injectability, and compressive strength (CS) of this DCPBC were examined using various analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) attached with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The phase composition, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of HA and DCP were evaluated. A Gillmore needle apparatus was used to measure the initial and final setting times of the specimens. The CS values of the prepared specimens were determined using INSTRON Series IX. The in vitro dissolution behavior of all samples was evaluated by immersing them in simulated body fluid (SBF) over 7 days at 37 °C. The final setting times of samples 3, 4, and 5 were 20, 24, and 18 min, respectively. In addition, the CS value of sample 1 before immersion in SBF was much lower (1.23 MPa) compared to sample 5 (21.79 MPa) after 7 days of immersion. The CS of the DCP after 3 days of immersion was increased to 33.75 MPa. The in vitro results for the dissolution and bioactivity of HA showed the highest degradation rate after 1 day of immersion and then decreased with the increase in the immersion duration. The HA layer thickness was considerably improved with longer incubation times. The proposed injectable DCP bone cement may have potential in future orthopedic applications.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Permanent Deformations of Non-Cohesive Soils in Pavement Structures under Repeated Traffic Load 路面结构中的非粘性土在重复交通荷载作用下的永久变形测定

Eng Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/eng5020058

Mate Janos Vamos, J. Szendefy

{"title":"Determination of Permanent Deformations of Non-Cohesive Soils in Pavement Structures under Repeated Traffic Load","authors":"Mate Janos Vamos, J. Szendefy","doi":"10.3390/eng5020058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5020058","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main types of distress in pavement structures is rutting, which may also reduce serviceability significantly. Most design methods typically attribute rutting to the asphalt layer alone, proposing that it can be managed by controlling vertical deformation or stress at the subgrade’s top. Furthermore, these methods frequently lack precise measurements for rut depth. On-site measurements show that the majority of permanent deformation occurs in the unbound layers beneath the asphalt; attention should be directed towards these layers. In recent literature, there are calculation methods that account for accumulating strains in soils. However, further investigation is needed regarding the effect of soil properties and the significance of the pavement cross-section. The literature is also somewhat contractionary regarding the origin of permanent deformations. In this research, the residual settlement of soils (base, subbase, and subgrade) under flexible pavement systems was analyzed due to the repeated traffic loads. Rut depths were calculated and analyzed using the High-Cycle Accumulation (HCA) model. The different behaviour in each course of the pavement system is discussed to reveal their contribution to total ruts. The effect of the grain size distribution of the subgrade was analyzed, and its significance on the rutting depths was demonstrated. Standardized pavement cross-sections with different asphalt thicknesses were evaluated, and the calculated settlements of the pavement originating from the ground during the design lifetime are also presented. It is shown that, with the same number of repetitions, the settlements calculated in each traffic load class are proportional to the thickness of the asphalt course. The contribution of the base, subbase, and subgrade courses to the total settlement is also presented for different subgrade types and traffic load classes.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"52 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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