Eng最新文献

{"title":"Development, Designing and Testing of a New Test Rig for Studying Innovative Polycrystalline Diamond Bearings","authors":"A. Cascino, A. Amedei, E. Meli, A. Rindi","doi":"10.3390/eng5030085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030085","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the preliminary experimental studies carried out on an innovative sliding bearing made of polycrystalline diamond, a material with excellent mechanical and chemical characteristics, used mainly in the drilling industry. Bearings crafted from this material do not necessitate lubrication due to their extremely low coefficient of friction and high resistance to wear. For this reason, they are prime candidates for replacing traditional oil bearings, eliminating the need for auxiliary systems and thereby reducing environmental risks. In this regard, an innovative test rig was designed, capable of reaching speeds up to 6000 rpm both in vertical and horizontal configurations thanks to a novel tilting frame. Moreover, with a high modularity it was possible to test three different kinds of radial PCD bearings. Dynamic data were acquired and elaborated to evaluate orbits, acceleration and absorbed torque, to finally compare these different configurations to better understand how dynamic behavior is influenced by bearings’ geometrical characteristics.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Biomedical Problems to Detect Carcinomas: A Tomographic Impedance Approach","authors":"F. Laganá, Danilo Pratticò, D. De Carlo, G. Oliva, S. Pullano, Salvatore Calcagno","doi":"10.3390/eng5030084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030084","url":null,"abstract":"Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radiography expose patients to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and ionizing radiation. As an alternative, Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) offers a less EMF-influenced method for imaging by measuring superficial skin currents to provide a map of the body’s conductivity. EIT allows for functional monitoring of anatomical regions using low electromagnetic fields and minimal exposure times. This paper investigates the application of EIT for the morphological and functional assessment of tissues. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) (Comsol 5.2), both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models and simulations of physiological and pathological tissues were developed to replicate EIT operations. The primary objective is to detect carcinoma by analysing the electrical impedance response to externally applied excitations. An eight-electrode tomograph was utilised for this purpose, specifically targeting epithelial tissue. The study allowed the characterisation of tomographs of any size and, therefore, the possibility to verify both their geometric profile and the ideal value of the excitation current to be delivered per second of the type of tissue to be analysed. Simulations were conducted to observe electrical impedance variations within a homogeneously modelled tissue and a carcinoma characterized by regular geometry. The outcomes demonstrated the potential of EIT as a viable technique for carcinoma detection, emphasizing its utility in medical diagnostics with reduced EMF exposure.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of Floating Body Waves Due to an Airplane Takeoff from a Very Large Floating Airport","authors":"Taro Kakinuma, Yusei Fukuura","doi":"10.3390/eng5030081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030081","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulations were generated to investigate the response of a very large floating airport to an airplane takeoff, using the set of nonlinear shallow water equations of velocity potential for water waves interacting with a floating thin plate. We have proposed two methods to reduce persistent airport vibration: reflectance reduction by decreasing the flexural rigidity in airport edge parts and amplification reduction by decreasing the still water depth partially under airport runways. First, when the flexural rigidity is uniformly decreased in an airport edge part, the reflectance of the floating body waves due to a B737 was reduced because of the multiple reflections. However, the wave reflectance for a B747 increased, depending on the conditions. A too-long edge part was not effective in reducing the wave reflectance. Conversely, when the flexural rigidity is linearly decreased in an airport edge part, the wave reflectance was reduced for both airplanes. Second, when the still water depth under an airport runway is partially reduced at the location where floating body waves are amplified, the wave heights of floating body waves tended to decrease as the still water depth in the shallower area decreased.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Analysis of Environmental Comfort and Building Information Modeling in Buildings: State of the Art and Future Trends","authors":"Thayná F. Ramos, Alex Ximenes Naves, Dieter Boer, A. N. Haddad, Mohammad K. Najjar","doi":"10.3390/eng5030082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030082","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental comfort involves creating comfortable and healthy indoor environments, taking into account the climate characteristics of the built environment. The novelty herein is to define the challenges of using Building Information Modeling (BIM) to assess the three dimensions of environmental comfort: thermal comfort, visual comfort, and acoustic comfort. This work conducts a bibliometric review, using the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20) and the GPSV website, and a bibliographic review of recently published articles in the field. This paper aims to identify the dimensions of sustainability with a focus on environmental comfort and the themes associated with these dimensions, recognize the limitations of the research, and propose recommendations for future work. The results of this work define the limitations related to the three dimensions of environmental comfort and recommend establishing a reliable database, integrating BIM with parameters that could interfere with the quality of the indoor environment.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"11 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Digestate at Different Stabilization Stages: Application of Thermal Analysis and FTIR Spectroscopy","authors":"S. González-Rojo, D. Carrillo-Peña, R. González, Xiomar Gómez","doi":"10.3390/eng5030080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030080","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that transforms high-strength organic effluents into biogas with multiple benefits. However, concurrent with organics’ biological transformation, a liquid phase with a high solid content is also derived from this process. Valorizing this fraction is not an easy task if an agronomic application cannot be considered as a suitable option. The thermal valorization of this fraction allows for energy extraction but also gives rise to additional capital investment and increases the energy demand of the global process. In addition, the thermal treatment of digestate has to deal with a mineralized material. The changes in organic matter due to anaerobic digestion were studied in the present manuscript, by evaluating the thermal behavior of samples, activation energy, and organic transformation using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Digested samples of a mixture composed of manure and glycerin (5% v/v) were studied. The stabilization caused a dramatic decrease in aliphatic compounds, greatly increasing the mineral content of the sample. Results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated an energy content of 11 kJ/g for the feed material and a reduction to 9.6 kJ/g for the long-term stabilized sample. The activation energy of the feed was 249.5 kJ/mol, whereas this value was reduced to 70–80 kJ/mol for digested samples. If the valorization route selected for digestates is thermal conversion, the lower energy content and more complex structure of these materials (higher content of lignin and protein-type compounds) must be carefully evaluated.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"105 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Methodology for Railway Bolster Beam Design Enhancement Using Topological Optimization and Manufacturing Constraints","authors":"A. Cascino, E. Meli, A. Rindi","doi":"10.3390/eng5030079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030079","url":null,"abstract":"Rolling stock manufacturers are finding innovative structural solutions to improve the quality and reliability of railway vehicle components. Structural optimization processes represent an effective strategy for reducing manufacturing costs, resulting in geometries that are easier to design and produce combined with innovative materials. In this framework, the present paper proposes the development of a design methodology to innovate a railway bolster beam using topological optimization techniques, assessing the effect of different manufacturing constraints oriented to the casting process. A comprehensive numerical testing campaign was conducted to establish an effective testing procedure. Two different designs were obtained and compared, statically and dynamically, evaluating the difference in terms of mass, mechanical performance and manufacturability. Reductions in stress values up to 70% were observed, along with an 8% increase in the first natural frequency of the component, leading to beneficial effects in terms of stiffness. The methodology shows encouraging results to streamline the design of complex casting components, moving to a new generation of structural railway components.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":" 750","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine and Deep Learning Trends in EEG-Based Detection and Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review","authors":"Marcos Aviles, Luz-María Sánchez-Reyes, J. M. Álvarez-Alvarado, J. Rodríguez-Reséndíz","doi":"10.3390/eng5030078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030078","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a systematic review using PRISMA methodology to explore trends in the use of machine and deep learning in diagnosing and detecting Alzheimer’s disease using electroencephalography. This review covers studies published between 2013 and 2023, drawing on three leading academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The validity of the databases is evaluated considering essential factors such as the arrangement of EEG electrodes, data acquisition methodologies, and the number of participants. Additionally, the specific properties of the databases used in the research are highlighted, including EEG signal classification, filtering, segmentation approaches, and selected features. Finally, the performance metrics of the classification algorithms are evaluated, especially the accuracy achieved, offering a comprehensive view of the current state and future trends in the use of these technologies for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Processing Parameters on Laser-Assisted Reactive Sintering of a Mixture of Ni and Ti Powders","authors":"N. V. Le Sénéchal, P. H. D. da Silveira, Patrícia Freitas Rodrigues, D. Gonçalves, S. Dyer, R. Teixeira, R. H. M. de Siqueira, Milton Sergio Fernandes de Lima, D. L. Bayerlein, Andersan dos Santos Paula","doi":"10.3390/eng5030077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030077","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing (AM) plays a crucial role in the development of NiTi alloys, enabling the creation of complex and customized structures while optimizing properties for various biomedical and industrial applications. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of laser scanning speed on laser-assisted reactive sintering of a mixture of No and Ti powders. The samples were sintered at two different beam speeds, 4 and 5 4 mm/s and their morphological and microstructural characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed the presence of intermetallic compounds rich in Ni and Ti for both scanning speeds; however, the scanning speed of 5 mm/s produced a microstructure with greater porosity, leading to a sintered body with poorer consolidation. Thus, employing a slower beam scanning of 4 mm/s seems to be a better alternative in the laser-assisted reactive sintering of NiTi alloys.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Analysis between Young Driver Characteristics and Visual/Physiological Attributes at Expressway Exit Ramp","authors":"Zeng’an Wang, Xinyue Qi, Chenzhu Wang, Said M. Easa, Fei Chen, Jianchuan Cheng","doi":"10.3390/eng5030076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030076","url":null,"abstract":"More collisions occur at the exit ramps of expressways due to frequent lane-changing behavior and interweaving between vehicles. Young drivers with shorter driving mileage and driving experience, radical driving styles, and worse behavior prediction are likelier to be involved in collisions at the exit ramps. This paper focuses on the correlation analysis between young drivers’ characteristics and their visual and physiological attributes at expressway exit ramps. First, the driver’s gender, driving experience, and mileage are classified. Then, seven expressway exit models are established using the UC/Win road modeling software. The driver’s driving plane vision is divided into four areas using the K-means clustering algorithm. In addition, the driver’s visual and heart rate attributes were analyzed at 500 m, 300 m, 200 m, and 100 m away from an expressway exit. The results show that the visual attributes, gender, and driving mileage of young drivers strongly correlate with the fixation times and average saccade amplitude. In contrast, the driving experience has almost no correlation with the fixation behavior of young drivers. Young drivers’ driving experience and mileage strongly correlate with cardiac physiological attributes, but there is virtually no correlation with gender. The practical implications of these results should be helpful to highway planners and designers.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"63 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Probabilistic Study of CO2 Plume Geothermal and Hydrothermal Systems: A Sensitivity Study of Different Reservoir Conditions in Williston Basin, North Dakota","authors":"Emmanuel Gyimah, O. Tomomewo, Luc Yvan Nkok, S. O. Bade, Ebenezer Asare Ofosu, Maxwell Collins Bawuah","doi":"10.3390/eng5030074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030074","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of alternative energy sources has gained significant traction in recent years, driven by the urgent need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and transition towards sustainable energy. Among these alternatives, CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems have emerged as promising options due to their potential for providing clean, renewable energy. This study presents a probabilistic investigation into the sensitivity of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems under various reservoir conditions in the Williston Basin, North Dakota. In addition to elucidating the impact of reservoir conditions on system performance, the study utilizes probabilistic methods to assess energy output of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems. Insights derived from this probabilistic investigation offer valuable guidance for the working fluid selection, systems design and optimization in the Williston Basin and beyond. Results from the sensitivity analysis reveal the profound influence of reservoir conditions on the behavior and efficiency of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems. Our case study on Red River Formation and Deadwood Formations shows a potential of 34% increase and 32% decrease in heat extraction based on varying reservoir conditions. Our investigations in the Beaver Lodge field within the Red River Formation yielded arithmetic mean values for CO2 best case resources, hydrothermal resources and the CO2 worst case as 6.36 × 1018 J, 4.75 × 1018 J and 3.24 × 1018 J, respectively. Overall, this research contributes to advancing the knowledge and understanding of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems as viable pathways towards sustainable energy production and carbon sequestration. By highlighting the sensitivity of these systems to reservoir conditions, the study provides valuable insights that can inform decision-making processes and future research endeavours aimed at fostering the transition to a low-carbon energy landscape.","PeriodicalId":502660,"journal":{"name":"Eng","volume":"31 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}