Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

{"title":"The 12th century bronze doors of Bonanno di Pisa in Monreale and Pisa: Materials and manufacture","authors":"M. Mödlinger, M. Bassi, J. Bontadi, M. Fellin, M. Fera, M. Negri, C. Usai, J. Utz, G. Ghiara","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130","url":null,"abstract":"Bonanno di Pisa is, next to Barisano di Trani and Oderisius of Benevento, amongst the most renowned mediaeval Italian bronze casters. Bonanno is responsible for the biggest mediaeval metal door, the almost 8 m high main door of the Cathedral of Monreale, Sicily, built in 1185/1186, and the San Ranieri door of the Cathedral of Pisa, Tuscany, finished in 1180. He was also responsible for the Porta Reale (also Cathedral of Pisa; 1179/1180), which was destroyed in the 1595 fire. Contemporary doors made of bronze or brass are rare: from the 12th century, only about 17 doors are still preserved, nevertheless being part of the biggest complex of mediaeval monumental bronzes. In this paper, the chemical composition as well as manufacturing and assembling of the two preserved doors are discussed. Both the Pisa and Monreale doors were made of leaded tin bronze. In the case of Monreale, chemical analysis confirmed the art historical suspicion that the central leaf was not from Bonanno's workshop, as indicated by a different style and chemical composition. We also identified the types of wood used for the wooden elements of the doors, mainly silver fir (Monreale) and elm (Pisa).","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"144 19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strontium isotopes and the geographic origins of camelids in the Virú Valley, Peru","authors":"Nicole Hultquist, Jean-Francois Millaire, Paul Szpak","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106142","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the strontium isotopic composition of camelid tooth enamel from Huaca Santa Clara, Huaca Gallinazo, and Huancaco in the Virú Valley, northern Peru. These sites were occupied during the Early Intermediate Period (EIP, c. 200 BCE-600 CE) with Huaca Santa Clara and Huancaco being associated with ritual sacrifices of camelids during the late Middle Horizon (LMH, 850–950 CE for Huancaco and c. 1150 CE for Huaca Santa Clara). Most camelids had strontium isotopic compositions that fell within the predicted isotopic range for the Virú Valley. Isotopic compositions of the serially sampled teeth suggest most camelids did not move between regions with different strontium isotope baselines during enamel formation. At Huaca Gallinazo, the capital of the Virú Polity during the EIP, all the camelids appeared to be local to the lower Virú Valley. At Huaca Santa Clara, a regional administrative center, butchered individuals associated with the EIP occupation had strontium isotope ratios reflecting primarily local origins, with some evidence of individuals from the highlands. The scarified individuals at Huaca Santa Clara (late Middle Horizon) all had strontium isotope ratios consistent with a local origin in the Viru Valley. At Huancaco, some butchered (EIP) and sacrificed (LMH) camelids were local to the Virú Valley but this site may have included more individuals with higher tooth enamel <ce:sup loc=\"post\">87</ce:sup>Sr/<ce:sup loc=\"post\">86</ce:sup>Sr, possibly originating in the middle and upper valley regions relative to the other two sites. These data confirm that camelid husbandry was present on the north coast at least as early as the EIP and this practice was maintained through the late Middle Horizon after the waning of north coast polities such as Virú and Moche.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"22 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological insights into the diachrony of ancient road networks: Exploratory predictive modelling in the Andean highlands","authors":"Thibault Saintenoy, Marcos Llobera, Nicolas M. Thiéry, Marta Crespo Fernández, Pastor Fábrega-Álvarez, Rubén Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106125","url":null,"abstract":"As the footprint of the movements and interactions that shape territories, road networks constitute a key archaeological feature for studying long term territorial dynamics. However, most archaeological research has focused on individual routes at specific periods, and little has been done so far to research road networks' long-term evolution at a regional scale. While the widespread availability of high-resolution aerial imagery facilitates recording ancient road networks in details, their chronological diagnostic remains challenging since road architecture is generally not a reliable proxy and direct stratigraphic dating is limited to very few contexts. This paper outlines a modelling approach to assess the chronology of roads based on their topological relationship with dated settlements, an idea formulated long ago but never technically implemented so far. It presents a case study on a regional road network's evolution during the last millennium, in the arid highlands of northern Chile, which conserve abundant traces and infrastructure of the settlement patterns and movement systems of its ancient territories. The case study shows the potential of this predictive modeling approach to preliminarily assess the chronology of individual road segments, as well as to visualize and characterise the evolution of the whole network through the historical periods. The basic models implemented in this paper to derive probabilities could be further refined for more specific contexts and hypotheses, and applied to many deserts and mountain regions worldwide, where ancient roads and pathways frequently accumulate as part of long-term territorial dynamics.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From dots to dynamics: Searching the complexities of prehistoric mobility in the Lisbon Peninsula","authors":"André Texugo, Pablo Sánchez de Oro, Ana Catarina Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106127","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores prehistoric mobility networks in the Lisbon Peninsula, focusing on the Chalcolithic and Late Bronze Age periods. Utilising Least Cost Path (LCP) methodologies and Tobler's Hiking Function, movement patterns and connectivity between settlements were analysed. The research reveals a complex landscape of human interactions and environmental adaptations, highlighting social and economic transformations across these periods. In the Chalcolithic, a dense network of routes was identified, which suggest intense social and trade exchanges. In contrast, the Late Bronze Age (LBA) exhibits a changed mobility landscape, with less dense but more focused routes, reflecting possible socio-economic reorganisations. This study not only sheds light on the territorial dynamics of the Lisbon Peninsula during these critical periods but also contributes to a richer understanding of occupation strategies and the relationship between humans and their environment.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved age estimation method for caribou and reindeer using tooth eruption and wear","authors":"Grace Kohut, Robert Losey, Susan Kutz, Kamal Khidas, Maxime Pelletier, Tatiana Nomokonova","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106133","url":null,"abstract":"Dental age estimation based on tooth eruption schedules and wear is a useful analytical tool in zooarchaeology for developing demographic profiles for animal skeletal remains, particularly those from ruminants. While tooth eruption schedules are applicable only to younger individuals, tooth wear can be used for older animals as the heights of their crowns shorten over their lifetime, creating recognizable visual changes to tooth occlusal surfaces. This study presents a novel tooth eruption and wear age estimation method for <ce:italic>Rangifer tarandus</ce:italic>, a key species of the Circumpolar North. The method was created using a sample of over 600 mandibles from known-age caribou and reindeer from several populations. These are Qamanirjuaq, Beverly, Dolphin-Union, Bluenose East, and Bluenose West caribou herds from Canada and forest reindeer from Finland. The method provides a user-friendly manual featuring tooth wear illustrations of premolars and molars created using frequency of occurrence data of easily recognizable visual wear traits. This method can be applied to modern and archaeological <ce:italic>Rangifer</ce:italic> dentition to estimate age and can be utilized with complete or fragmentary mandibles, including isolated teeth.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond baselines of performance: Beta regression models of compositional variability in craft production studies","authors":"Jasmine Vieri, Enrico R. Crema, María Alicia Uribe Villegas, Juanita Sáenz Samper, Marcos Martinón-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106106","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical analyses of archaeological artefacts are often used for provenance studies and for assessing whether specific performance characteristics were targeted by craftspeople in the past. Traditionally, the answers to these questions were sought by identifying compositional averages and by studying their correlations with either the geochemical signatures of candidate raw material sources or the corresponding physical or chemical properties of the studied materials. However useful, this approach only exploits part of the potential information locked inside the chemical compositions of archaeological artefacts. We argue that different levels of compositional dispersion observed within and across archaeological assemblages, and in particular changes in them as a function of behaviourally meaningful factors (such as the size, function, or recovery location of the objects), are sources of information in themselves. To gain probabilistic insights into both types of variability (averages and dispersions) simultaneously, we introduce variable dispersion beta regression models for the archaeological sciences. In doing so, we show how adopting the beta distribution provides a significantly improved alternative to previous solutions to modelling compositional data within the field — namely, those involving simple linear regression on log-transformed data. These approaches often result in numerically impossible predictions, whilst beta regression restricts the model predictions between the upper and lower compositional bounds, accounts for the inherently inconsistent variances of compositional data, and explicitly permits the modelling of compositional dispersions as a function of covariates. Finally, we expand upon this toolset by showing how using a hierarchical model specification within the framework accounts for both local variation and more widely shared practices of material processing and procurement concurrently, and alleviates issues to do with sampling uncertainty. We demonstrate the proposed approach with a study of Muisca gold procurement practices (AD 600–1600) in the Eastern Highlands of Colombia, based on a dataset of 243 elemental analyses. The results allow us to argue for intra-regional movements of fresh geological gold imported from a variety of distant sources. We suggest these movements could result from contributions of gold by people converging into the same location for festivities. The approaches taken to modelling compositional data are readily applicable to other sub-disciplines of the archaeological sciences, such as compositional studies of ceramics and glass, or modelling the variability of diets in isotopic studies (see Supplementary Material S0 for an extended summary in Spanish).","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing ostrich eggshell bead production at little muck shelter: Experimental production to test efficiency and success rates of pathway 1 and 2","authors":"Nicole Leoni Sherwood, Tim Forssman","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106129","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacturing of ostrich eggshell (OES) beads during Africa's Middle and Later Stone Age followed two production strategies referred to as pathways. Both include the selection of OES blanks, which may or may not be heated, followed by first perforating the fragment before trimming the edges (pathway 1) or by trimming the fragment before perforation (pathway 2), and both conclude with rounding and polishing. Commonly, each pathway is present in an assemblage, although typically pathway 1 beads are more frequent. What is not clear are the reasons that both production strategies exist, if one pathway presents more advantages than the other or if there are social or other reasons for following one strategy over the other. In this study we experimentally create OES beads using these two pathways to determine if one pathway has benefits over the other. We also test if heat treatment has either advantageous or disadvantageous influences on OES bead creation. We look at OES bead technology found at Little Muck Shelter, where both pathways are present, to determine if our experimental findings are reflected in the archaeology. The results show that there are many ways to manufacture OES beads and that both pathways 1 and 2, as well as heat treatment of shell, has advantages and disadvantages. Neither pathway offered a faster manufacturing method for bulk production, but pathway 2 did yield a vaguely higher success rate. Heat treatment of shell did aid the process in making the drilling and trimming of beads slightly faster but was less often used at LMS. The use of different pathways as well as the sporadic use of heat-treated OES by occupants at LMS depended on many complex technological and social factors.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insects in the far West: Burial practices on El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain; ca. 6th-11th centuries) reconstructed via funerary archaeoentomology","authors":"Pedro Henríquez-Valido, Jonathan Santana, Aarón Morquecho-Izquier, Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jean-Bernard Huchet","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106120","url":null,"abstract":"The Canary Islands were first settled by North African groups in the first millennium CE and, after a few centuries of interconnections with the mainland and between islands, remained isolated until the late medieval European expansion into the Atlantic. El Hierro is a small island located in the westernmost part of the archipelago that was inhabited by the <ce:italic>bimbapes</ce:italic> from the 2nd century CE until the 15th century European conquest. The archaeological records, including marine food processing sites and cave burials, illustrate their adaptation to the environment: the dependence on marine resources for its economy owing the island's isolation and the scarcity of arable land and the use of the natural landscape to dispose of deads. La Lajura Cave, a collective burial site used from the 6th to 11th centuries CE, revealed significant anthropological and entomological findings. The archaeoentomological analysis of the sediment samples revealed 5816 insect remains, primarily Diptera and Coleoptera, with relatively small numbers of Hymenoptera, Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, and Arachnida. These findings shed light on decomposition processes and funerary practices as well as the distribution of the cadaveric entomofauna present in the western limit of the Palearctic region before the modern era. This study highlights the role of insects in cadaveric decomposition and their ecological behaviors, offering valuable insights into the funerary practices of <ce:italic>Bimbape</ce:italic> society in a unique ecological context.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the culinary significance of maize in the Araucanía, Southern Chile: Evidence from organic residue analysis of pre-colonial pottery","authors":"Javier A. Montalvo-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Roberto Campbell ,&nbsp;André C. Colonese ,&nbsp;Gabriela Palma ,&nbsp;Alexandre Lucquin ,&nbsp;Helen M. Talbot ,&nbsp;Alejandro Serna ,&nbsp;Constanza Roa Solís ,&nbsp;Marjolein Admiraal ,&nbsp;Oliver E. Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize, one of the primary crops cultivated in South America, has achieved significant interest in regional archaeology. However, the study of maize in regions considered peripheral to major centres of agricultural production, such as Southern Chile, has received minimal attention. Southern Chile is the southernmost point for the dispersal of maize cultivation in the Americas, with archaeological evidence dating back <em>ca</em>. 1000 CE. Despite the manifest presence of maize, our knowledge of its culinary and economic importance for pre-colonial societies from Southern Chile is scarce. In this study, we extracted and analysed organic residues from 188 pottery sherds to explore the potential significance of maize in local foodways over the transition from the Early (ECP: 400–1000 CE) to the Late (LCP: 1000–1550 CE) Ceramic Period. Biomolecular and carbon-stable isotope (δ¹³C) analyses of lipids indicate that maize was not a staple. Instead, our findings suggest that maize had a potentially prominent role in preparing fermented beverages consumed in important socio-political gatherings and feasts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oldest dress of the Netherlands? Recovering a now-vanished, colour pattern from an early iron age fabric in an elite burial","authors":"Clémence Iacconi ,&nbsp;Art Proaño Gaibor ,&nbsp;Ilaria Degano ,&nbsp;Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof ,&nbsp;Ineke Joosten ,&nbsp;Karina Grömer ,&nbsp;Loïc Bertrand","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Uden–Slabroek cemetery yielded one of the richest Early Iron Age burials found in the Netherlands: an inhumation grave of a person wearing elaborate bronze and iron ornaments (ca. 8th century BC). Exceptionally mineralised fragments of wool textiles were found inside the corrosion layer of the bronze anklets and bracelets. Advanced multidisciplinary analysis of these textiles identified them as the remains of the oldest garment of the Netherlands, made from a bright red and blue wool twill fabric woven in a shepherd’s check pattern. Advanced mass spectrometry analysis provided direct identification of dyes, including cochineal — the earliest evidence of a red dye for the entire region (especially the precious insect dye variant). Virtual synchrotron-based 3D analysis of the fragments documented the textile weave types and the morphometry of surface and buried layers. The correlation of the two approaches makes it possible to recover an entire, now-vanished, colour pattern from highly altered fabrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}