Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

{"title":"Life beyond the lakes: An analysis and implications of a Pleistocene combustion feature on the Pike River in South Australia","authors":"Craig Westell ,&nbsp;Amy Roberts ,&nbsp;Mike W. Morley ,&nbsp;Ian Moffat ,&nbsp;Vito C. Hernandez ,&nbsp;Nigel A. Spooner ,&nbsp;Kathryn McDonnell ,&nbsp;Rachel Rudd ,&nbsp;Fiona Petchey ,&nbsp;the River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pike River is an anabranch and palaeochannel of the Murray River located in South Australia's Riverland region, in the southwestern part of the Murray-Darling Basin. The floodplain contains abundant and varied archaeological evidence of Aboriginal life, including extensive deposits of shell midden exposed along the high cliff-line bounding the southeastern margin of the floodplain. The oldest of these deposits has been securely dated, so far, to ∼29 ka cal BP. This article presents the results of chronological, micromorphological and sedimentary analyses of a combustion feature also located on this cliff-line. Based on our analysis and interpretation of the feature's stratigraphic context, in combination with ¹⁴C and OSL dating, we argue that the feature is ∼43 ka old. Whilst the combustion feature contains no associated cultural material (e.g. stone artefacts or faunal remains) we argue that a cultural origin is, nonetheless, supported given the feature's geometry, sedimentary structures, geochemistry and magnetic response. As such, we argue that the feature provides a rare glimpse into the earliest peopling of the Murray River corridor. Further, the feature is amongst some of the earliest pieces of evidence for human pyrotechnology in the Australasian region and only one of a few examples from an open-air site that is microstratigraphically (micromorphologically) contextualised. The preservation of combustion features of this antiquity in open-context sites is extremely rare, both in this region and globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative construction technique in Roman theatres: The structural analysis of the cavea substructure in the theatres of Augusta Raurica (Augst) and Aventicum (Avenches)","authors":"Linda Dobosi ,&nbsp;Dezső Hegyi","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ancient Roman engineers used different methods when building the substructure of the seating area (<em>cavea</em>) of theatres and amphitheatres. In the northwestern provinces of the Empire, they often supported the seats by an artificial earth embankment which posed the structural problem of containing the soil infill. Because the curved perimeter wall of the <em>cavea</em> was not able to withstand the lateral earth pressure on its own, Roman engineers started experimenting with reinforcement systems which led to a variety of different <em>cavea</em> substructures. One of the most innovative and intriguing solutions to this problem can be seen in the theatre of Augusta Raurica (present-day Augst, Switzerland) where the retaining walls of the theatre were reinforced by series of semicircular buttresses. In the almost identical theatre of Aventicum (Avenches, Switzerland) the more traditional solution of a system of radial and annular walls were used for the same purpose. To get a better understanding of the structural behaviour of the theatre in Augst, the <em>cavea</em> substructure of both the theatres of Augst and Avenches were analysed with finite element method (FEM). Contrasting the structural properties and the amount of building material needed for each of the two theatres shed light on some of the reasons why the unconventional solution utilized in Augst did not become common. Although it used less building material, it was not as robust as the structural solution used in Avenches. Also, the support for the long, rectangular limestone blocks of the seating were not sufficient in Augst and the seats might have been subject to a considerable uneven sinking as the earth infill under them consolidated and shrank.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace elements, maturation processes and diagenesis in human deciduous incisors","authors":"Ani Martirosyan ,&nbsp;Xavier Jordana ,&nbsp;Judith Juanhuix ,&nbsp;Marine Cotte ,&nbsp;Nuria Molist ,&nbsp;Javier Irurita ,&nbsp;Cristina Santos ,&nbsp;Assumpció Malgosa ,&nbsp;Patrick Mahoney ,&nbsp;Judit Molera","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-mortem alteration of trace elements can complicate the interpretation of original biogenic signals related to diet, environment and enamel maturation processes. This study describes gradients in element concentrations for modern and archaeological deciduous incisor teeth to identify diagenetic variations in specific elements.</div><div>Fifteen human deciduous incisors (six modern and nine archaeological) were prepared for synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence (SR μ-XRF) analysis targeting the minerals Ca, P, and selected trace elements Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ba. Standard histological methods were employed to produce thin sections. Element concentrations, expressed in parts per million (ppm) and as a ratio of calcium (Ca), were measured from the outer enamel surface (OES), into the enamel, across the Neonatal Line (NNL) and enamel-dentin junction (EDJ), and into the dentin.</div><div>Diagenesis was most pronounced on the external surfaces of enamel and dentin, with notable variability in Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ba. In contrast, Ca, P, and Zn levels remained stable across samples, with a slight increase in Zn at the NNL. There was no enrichment of Zn at the OES in enamel not yet matured (less than 33–37 postnatal days), suggesting that initial zinc incorporation is overshadowed by further deposition during maturation.</div><div>Diagenetic alteration of the Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ba elements in deciduous incisor enamel appears to affect their concentration in regions of the archaeological teeth. The observed Ca and Zn distribution pattern reflects distinct enamel maturation stages, highlighting the need to consider both diagenetic influences and developmental processes in trace element analyses of ancient dental samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What it means to be marine: Sulfur isotope variability in the historical Chesapeake Bay ecosystem","authors":"Eric Guiry ,&nbsp;J Ryan Kenedy ,&nbsp;Leah Stricker ,&nbsp;Michael Lavin ,&nbsp;Paul Szpak","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable sulfur isotope (<em>δ</em>³⁴S) analysis is an important tool for addressing archaeological and ecological questions about diet and mobility. A growing body of work has underscored the value of <em>δ</em>³⁴S for tracing food sources linked to specific kinds of aquatic primary production, including saltmarshes, freshwater wetlands, seagrass beds, and benthic microalgal communities. Comparatively little work has investigated <em>δ</em>³⁴S variation in other marine vertebrate food webs. This may reflect prevailing assumptions that isotopically homogenous marine sulfates will be the main contributor to consumer <em>δ</em>³⁴S in all marine ecosystems. We explore this assumption through <em>δ</em>³⁴S, <em>δ</em>¹³C, and <em>δ</em>¹⁵N analyses of bone collagen from a taxonomically and ecologically broad cross-section of marine fauna from preindustrial contexts at the archaeological site of Jamestown, near the Chesapeake Bay in present-day Virginia. Results for most taxa show <em>δ</em>³⁴S values that diverge from those expected based on species’ marine ecologies. Benthic primary production, serving as a vector for sulfide-influenced, low-<em>δ</em>³⁴S sulfur entering aquatic food webs, offers the most parsimonious explanation. The ecological diversity represented in these findings, covering a wide range of marine and estuarine habitats, suggests that this phenomenon could be common where benthic algae form an important part of primary production in estuarine and other coastal habitats across the globe. Implications for archaeological and ecological <em>δ</em>³⁴S interpretive frameworks are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual role of human activities and climate in pre-industrial nitrogen shifts in Ireland","authors":"Sarah Ferrandin ,&nbsp;Gill Plunkett ,&nbsp;Kate Britton ,&nbsp;Eric Guiry ,&nbsp;Fiona Beglane","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Past research has uncovered a shift in herbivore collagen <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values during the Middle to Late Bronze Age (3700–2750 BP) in Ireland, attributed to intensified land-use - another example in a growing body of evidence that suggests that the Anthropocene concept (whereby humans have made significant impacts to the Earth's systems) began far earlier than previously thought (the ‘Palaeoanthropocene’). While human activity was clearly an important driver of this shift, it remains possible that climate may also have played a role. In Ireland, this shift in <em>δ</em>¹⁵N appeared to be sustained despite subsequent reforestation, suggesting that Bronze Age and later peoples left a profound biogeochemical mark on the environment. Here, we revisit this topic, presenting new stable isotope (<em>δ</em>¹⁵N and <em>δ</em>¹³C) measurements from directly radiocarbon-dated wild and domesticated adult herbivorous ungulate bones from the Bronze and Iron Ages, with the aim of constraining the timing of this shift and disentangling the role of human land use from climatic influences. A sustained nitrogen isotopic shift was constrained to ca. 3000 cal BP. Notably, during the Iron Age, a time of widespread reforestation, wild and domesticated herbivorous ungulates exhibited <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values that were not significantly different from one another. This suggests that, while the <em>δ</em>¹⁵N shift was initiated by land-use change, climate variability, particularly shifts towards warmer and drier conditions during the Late Bronze/Iron Age transition and later Iron Age, may have contributed to its persistence. This study refines the chronology of nitrogen cycle changes in Ireland, demonstrating that human activity initiated a long-term shift in <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values during the Late Bronze Age, but that climatic factors may have played a role in maintaining elevated <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values during periods of reduced land use. These findings underscore the complexities of understanding the nitrogen cycle in ancient environments and highlight the potential interplay between anthropogenic and environmental drivers of biogeochemical change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying habitat suitability modelling to establish the species identity of ambiguous animal depictions in archaeology: new insights into the wild bovids of ancient Egypt","authors":"Jakob Bro-Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Salima Ikram ,&nbsp;Juliet V. Spedding ,&nbsp;Chris D. Thomas ,&nbsp;Steven Snape ,&nbsp;Maria Nilsson ,&nbsp;Ignacio A. Lazagabaster","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For researchers studying wildlife distributions of the past, the assignment of faunal depictions and remains to species can often present considerable challenges. Regrettably, many studies do not systematically consider all options and sources of evidence and, as a result, questionable identifications are widespread in the literature, which compromises the trustworthiness of meta-analyses of human-animal interactions in an environmental context. Here we present a cross-disciplinary 3-step approach to species identification of ancient animal depictions and remains featuring habitat suitability modelling from the discipline of spatial ecology. By applying the protocol in a case study of selected images of wild bovids from Predynastic and Dynastic Egypt, we provide evidence that the zoogeographic origin of the faunal elements now locally extinct were in the Mediterranean and Sudanian bioregions without the need to invoke also the more distant Somalian and Zambezian bioregions as previously suggested. Such more moderate range shifts may primarily have promoted cultural exchange between Egypt and neighbouring communities in the Levant and Nubia, which is consistent with the archaeological evidence. The study highlights the potential of habitat suitability modelling to contribute to the identification of ambiguous species representations and faunal remains from the past, which in turn can allow testing of hypotheses on a wide range of central archaeological questions pertaining to introduction of animals and indigenous domestication, cultural exchange and trade, as well as human migration and dispersal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population expansion as a main driver for the shift of agricultural strategies through the Yangshao culture (6.8-4.7 ka BP) in the west Central Plain of China","authors":"Yibin Sun ,&nbsp;Xingtao Wei ,&nbsp;Tianxing Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Li ,&nbsp;Yongge Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, charred plant seeds from the Yangshao culture (6.8 − 4.7 ka BP) in the Western Central Plain of China were collected for nitrogen isotopic measurements to probe the drivers for the shift of agricultural strategies in the prehistoric societies. The nitrogen isotope values (1.1–6.2 ‰) reveal the widespread use of manuring, but their intensity depends on settlement size, with higher manuring intensity at sites ranging from 5 to 40 hm², suggesting that cropland management strategies were shaped by both population size and resource availability. This is further indicated by positive correlations between quick increases in manuring intensity and regional demographic data from the summed probability distribution of radiocarbon dates and settlement patterns during the early phase. Intensified agricultural strategies led to population growth quickly and development of larger settlements at the middle phase. While larger settlements demonstrated lower manuring intensities, this likely indicates cropland expansion. Although climatic deterioration induced a decline in population growth, elevated nitrogen isotope values during the late phase still indicate ongoing cultivation practices. This study highlights population growth as one of the most important drivers promoting the development of early agriculture, offering new insights into the role of agriculture in shaping early social structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The glaze is less opaque on the other side: The development of Egyptian and southern Levantine glazed ceramic production from the early Islamic to Crusader periods","authors":"Carmen Ting ,&nbsp;Itamar Taxel ,&nbsp;Stephen W. Merkel ,&nbsp;Oren Tal","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study seeks to explore the beginnings and spread of glazed ceramic technologies across Islamic lands by focusing on the evidence from the southern Levantine coast. We selected 98 glazed ceramic samples recovered through stratified excavations of four sites along the southern Levantine coast. These ceramic samples include glazed tableware (especially the ones that do not feature the use of opaque glaze) and cooking vessels that are representative of the range of ware types dating to the early Islamic and Crusader periods (9th to 13th centuries CE) in the region. All samples were subjected to technological reconstruction based on the data we generated using petrographic analyses and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry. A subset of 30 glazed ceramics were submitted for portable laser ablation (pLA) sampling for lead isotope analysis – making our study one of the first to test this sampling method on lead-based glazed materials.</div><div>Our results show that the production and consumption habits of glazed ceramics was embedded in, and thus susceptible to, the broader historical developments. The vast majority of glazed ceramics dating to the early Islamic period (9th to 11th centuries CE) were imported from Egypt, which were made using pre-existing technologies. Our findings also highlight the importance of cross-craft and -cultural interactions, which serve to mark a departure from the traditional narrative on the beginnings and spread of glazed ceramic production across Islamic lands. We further noticed a greater presence of glazed ceramics that were produced along the Levantine coast, possibly in Beirut and/or northern Israel, from the end of the Islamic Fatimid caliphate to the Crusader periods (11th to 13th centuries CE), using technologies different from the Egyptian workshops. The results of our lead isotope analysis reveal that while the ores from Iran remain to be the main lead sources from the early Islamic to Crusader periods, the Egyptian and Levantine workshops also had access to different ore sources, namely in Tunisia and Sardinia, respectively, largely reliant on the exchange networks they were part of.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for fingerprinting ochre sources using mineral magnetic measurements","authors":"Maddison L. Crombie ,&nbsp;Agathe Lisé-Pronovost ,&nbsp;Marcus J. Giansiracusa ,&nbsp;Colette Boskovic ,&nbsp;Amy Roberts ,&nbsp;Felix Lauer ,&nbsp;River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation ,&nbsp;Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fingerprinting of iron-rich natural pigments commonly known as ochre, provides the opportunity to trace the cultural movement of these ochres in the archaeological past. This manuscript presents a proof-of-concept approach to the analysis and characterisation of ochre deposits, through the application of magnetic analytical methods. The use of measurements such as room temperature – saturation isothermal remnant magnetisation (RT-SIRM), isothermal magnetisation sweeps (hysteresis loops) and zero-field-cooled/field-cooled (ZFC-FC) remanence allow for the identification of a magnetic mineral profile in the ochre samples, which can, in turn, be used to fingerprint sources. Using low-temperature remanence and hysteresis measurements, we have demonstrated the ability to discriminate between geological contexts and thereby contribute to the greater goal of tracing cultural exchange via the movement of ochre from their original sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress markers and survivorship over the last 2,000 years in Milanese females and males","authors":"Lucie Biehler-Gomez ,&nbsp;Samantha L. Yaussy ,&nbsp;Claudia Moro ,&nbsp;Paolo Morandini ,&nbsp;Marta Mondellini ,&nbsp;Daniele Petrosino ,&nbsp;Mirko Mattia ,&nbsp;Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study combines paleopathological data and paleoepidemiological analyses, specifically survival analyses, to investigate the impact of eight physiological and mechanical stress markers on survivorship in a sample of 492 adult Milanese males and females across five historical periods. Pearson's Chi-squared, post-hoc tests, and survival analyses were performed on the entire dataset. The findings reveal that certain stress markers, such as <em>cribra orbitalia</em>, <em>cribra femoralis</em> and/or <em>humeralis</em>, porotic hyperostosis, and linear enamel hypoplasia, were associated with decreased survivorship, while osteoarthrosis and Schmorl's nodes were associated with increased survivorship. Harris lines and antemortem trauma did not significantly affect longevity. Analysis across historical periods indicated that living conditions deteriorated through the Modern era but improved in recent times. Despite lower survival among females in the Roman period, the low prevalence of skeletal stress markers in females suggests that other factors or hazards, such as childbirth, influenced female frailty to a greater degree. In the Modern era, post-cranial cribriotic lesions, porotic hyperostosis, and Harris lines were associated with decreased survival in females, reflecting greater exposure to environmental stressors, whereas cribriotic lesions and porotic hyperostosis were associated with decreased survival among males in the Roman, Early Medieval, and Modern eras. These findings offer robust insights into the historical impact of stress markers on survivorship and mortality in Milan and improve our understanding of the quality of life of males and females in Milan over the last 2000 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}