Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

{"title":"Redefining SW Amazonian chronologies and pottery use at the Teotônio site","authors":"McKenzie R. Bentley ,&nbsp;Lorena Becerra-Valdivia ,&nbsp;Thiago Kater ,&nbsp;Laura Pereira Furquim ,&nbsp;Jennifer Watling ,&nbsp;Fernando Almeida ,&nbsp;Kelly Brandão ,&nbsp;David Chivall ,&nbsp;Natálya Cristiana Pereira Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Bethan Linscott ,&nbsp;Qian Ma ,&nbsp;Guilherme Mongeló ,&nbsp;Myrtle P. Shock ,&nbsp;André Oliveira Sawakuchi ,&nbsp;Francis Mayle ,&nbsp;Eduardo Góes Neves ,&nbsp;Christopher Bronk Ramsey","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Teotônio is a pre-Columbian riverine archaeological site located in southwestern Amazonia, in a region with diverse cultural traditions and linguistic variety, and an archaeological record marking one of the oldest occupations in the Amazon. The site has a long history of nearly continuous human occupation spanning most of the Holocene, predicated by a stratigraphic sequence containing important pre-ceramic and ceramic traditions. As such, Teotônio offers a valuable opportunity to improve our understanding of the human landscape in southwestern Amazonia during the late Holocene. This work aims to provide a reliable chronology for Teotônio by producing new radiocarbon measurements and building a revised chronology using Bayesian chronological modelling. Through organic residue analysis (ORA), we run a pilot study to discern pottery vessel function according to ceramic tradition by characterising preserved lipid residues using supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bayesian modelling estimates the start and end of the cultural sequence at Teotônio to 10540–9425 cal BP and 625–395 cal BP (or CE 1325–1555), respectively, with a total duration between 8840 and 9980 years. ORA results for the ceramics show the presence of palmitic and stearic acids and resinous diterpenoids in most samples. These preliminary findings align with ethnographic traditions observed in the region, whereby resins from local flora are used for ceramic surface treatment, fuel, and/or medicinal purposes—although more work is required for validation. Together, the updated chronology and pilot study results contribute to our understanding of cultural practices and their maintenance through time, as well as specific human-environment interactions in southwestern Amazonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the formation of herbivore tooth death assemblages to improve expectations for paleoenvironmental reconstruction from intra-tooth isotopic analysis","authors":"Alexandra L. Norwood ,&nbsp;Benjamin Davies ,&nbsp;Julie Luyt ,&nbsp;David R. Braun ,&nbsp;J. Tyler Faith","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isotopic analysis of serially-sampled dental enamel from fossil faunal assemblages is a popular paleoenvironmental proxy for its ability to inform on changes in seasonality and vegetation structure in the past. However, multiple factors contribute to patterning observed in isotope data from these enamel samples, including growth rate changes over the course of tooth development; variation in the amount of dental wear; seasonal variation in births that affect the timing of recorded environmental signals; and intra-annual variation in the isotopic composition of ingested water and plant foods. Here, we model tooth growth and wear in zebra (<em>Equus</em> spp.) to generate simulated assemblages of teeth to characterize how the signal of an idealized oxygen isotope sine wave input is modulated by these sources of variation. In the model, a death assemblage of individual animals is generated using data from known populations. For each animal, a third molar (m3) is grown to a specified height, during which time it accumulates an isotopic signal, and then is worn based on empirically-observed rates of wear to its age at death. Simulated teeth are then sampled serially at designated intervals down the length of the tooth, generating an enamel isotope profile for each tooth. In a series of simulated experiments, we complexify the model by layering changing growth patterns and population demography and compare the resultant enamel isotope profiles. Our results demonstrate the dramatic impact these factors have on how isotopic signals are accumulated within teeth and within assemblages. To operationalize these results, we also compare our model output to measured oxygen isotope data from mid-Pleistocene zebra from the Elandsfontein dunefield in the southwestern Cape of South Africa. These comparisons indicate Elandsfontein may have experienced similar precipitation seasonality during the mid-Pleistocene to the southwestern Cape today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the chronology of the Caiyuan Culture and its relationship with Late Neolithic cultures in northwestern China","authors":"Jian Yang ,&nbsp;Yongxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Yao Huo ,&nbsp;Huan Liang ,&nbsp;Ruiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Huihui Cao ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Tingting Yan ,&nbsp;Sizhe Ai ,&nbsp;Guanghui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northwestern China had a pivotal role in the development of a series of Late Neolithic cultures, including the Caiyuan Culture in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region that spans between 5000 and 4000 BP based on 24 published radiocarbon dates from 9 sites. However, the chronology of the Caiyuan Culture and its relationship to other contemporary cultures in northwestern China remains an ongoing debate, primarily due to the complex cultural attributes between these sites and the conventional ¹⁴C dating method. To resolve these issues, 32 bone samples and short-lived charred millet grains from 32 Caiyuan Culture sites have been dated by accelerator mass spectrometry. Based on the material remains, we identified these sites as exclusively belonging to the Caiyuan Culture and applied Bayesian chronological models to refine their chronology to 4450–4000 BP. In comparison with the chronologies and geographic distributions of other Late Neolithic cultures, including Majiayao, Qijia, and Lower Changshan, we argue that the Caiyuan Culture represents an independent trajectory of cultural development in the northwest margin of the Loess Plateau. It was significantly affected by the Banshan Type of the Majiayao Culture and served as an important source of the Qijia Culture, which prevailed widely across the Gan-Qing region and its surroundings during the transition from the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First successful detection of oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone in multiple human hard tissues, and their use as potential biomarkers of pregnancy","authors":"Aimée Barlow ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Craig-Atkins ,&nbsp;Emilia Barker ,&nbsp;Aileen Crawford ,&nbsp;Daniela Cacciabue ,&nbsp;Katie A. Hemer","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sex steroid hormones oestrogen, progesterone, and testosterone have never been detected in modern or archaeological human skeletal tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis, and there are no standard protocols for their extraction. As progesterone is a biomarker of pregnancy in living individuals, its detection in skeletal remains would substantially improve the visibility of pregnant individuals in the archaeological record and furnish a novel means of exploring female life histories in the past. The present study demonstrates that oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone can be detected in the hard tissues of ten individuals of known sex dating from the 1st to 19th centuries CE and evaluates their potential as biomarkers of pregnancy. The cohort comprised seven females of varied parity status and three males. A novel ELISA methodology was developed for hormone extraction from prepared tissue samples of bone, dentine, enamel, root from second and third permanent molars, and dental calculus (n = 74). Oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone concentrations were measurable in bone, dentine, enamel, and root samples, whereas only progesterone and testosterone were detected in dental calculus. Elevated progesterone concentrations were detected in the bone and tooth structures of one pregnant female, all individuals with <em>in utero</em> pregnancies had undetectable testosterone, and those associated with fetal remains presented elevated progesterone levels in dental calculus. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and significant potential of the ELISA method for the detection of sex hormones in human skeletal remains to examine the reproductive histories of past populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramic color as an unreliable proxy for firing conditions: new approaches from Gwanbuk-ri site, Korea","authors":"Hyunkyung Choi ,&nbsp;Myeong-Kyu Kang ,&nbsp;Hyun Ho An ,&nbsp;Seoeun Jang ,&nbsp;Gwang-Min Sun ,&nbsp;Dong Hyeok Moon ,&nbsp;Sung Baek Kim ,&nbsp;Young Rang Uhm ,&nbsp;Chul Sung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the relationship between the coloration and firing conditions of ancient ceramic provides crucial insights into historical firing technologies. In this study, roof tiles from the Gwanbuk-ri archaeological site, dating to the Baekje Sabi period (538–660 CE), were analyzed to identify the firing technologies and origin of surface color variation and investigate the characteristics of black and non-black roof tiles. Analytical methods included chromaticity measurements, X-ray diffraction, Carbon–Hydrogen elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. While non-black roof tiles displayed expected correlations between iron oxide phases and color, black roof tiles presented a negative correlation: black coloration was linked to carbon deposition from incomplete combustion at low firing temperatures, rather than iron phase transformations. Additional evidence from the phosphorus and calcium distributions supports the influence of organic fuel ash. The magnetic properties and Mössbauer data enabled the estimation of the firing atmosphere inside the kiln. These findings demonstrate that visual color alone cannot reliably indicate the firing conditions. By integrating chemical, mineralogical, and magnetic data, this study offers a refined interpretive framework for ancient tile technologies and contributes to a broader understanding of the production practices of the Baekje Sabi period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is it so difficult to work on geochemical composition? Supervised geochemical composition data processing to study colouring iron oxide-rich rocks in archaeological contexts","authors":"Claire Chanteraud ,&nbsp;Hélène Salomon ,&nbsp;Emilie Chalmin ,&nbsp;Quentin Lemasson ,&nbsp;Claire Pacheco ,&nbsp;Laurent Pichon ,&nbsp;Eric Goemaere ,&nbsp;Camille Noûs ,&nbsp;Brandi L. MacDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxide-rich colouring materials exhibit substantial diversity across various contexts, encompassing a wide range of physical, chemical, petrographic, and mechanical characteristics. The identification of these materials holds the key to understanding exploited mineral resources and the criteria of selections in Palaeolithic societies. Geochemical methods delve into the intrinsic properties of rocks, offering insights into their historical records, including their formation, weathering transformation, and technical applications.</div><div>To support the comprehensive collection and analysis of geochemical data pertaining to such archaeological materials, this paper establishes a foundation based on a diverse iron oxide-rich reference rocks. The objective of this study is to ensure a consistent basis for comparison by 1) formulating measurement procedures tailored to the unique physical attributes of iron oxide-rich materials, 2) elucidating the geological formation and context in relation to material composition, and 3) facilitating comparisons between geochemical analyses conducted on archaeological specimens and compatible geological references, whether local, regional, or extra-regional.</div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the geochemical composition of seven selected iron oxide-rich reference rocks. By integrating petrographic and mineralogical insights with a careful consideration of analytical and statistical constraints, it contributes a coherent and critically assessed framework for conducting geochemical analyses and statistical data processing on archaeological specimens and relevant reference rocks, leveraging non-invasive Proton-Induced X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (PIXE) data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neolithic cordage-making implements at La Draga, Spain (5292-4729 cal BC): Analysis and experiment","authors":"Miriam de Diego ,&nbsp;Ignacio Clemente-Conte ,&nbsp;Raquel Piqué ,&nbsp;Xavier Terradas ,&nbsp;Millán Mozota ,&nbsp;Antoni Palomo","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The finds of several remains of cordage in waterlogged conditions at the early Neolithic site of La Draga (5292-4729 cal BC) have conclusively shown that ropes were made with plant fibres there. Tools made from wood, bone, stone and even shells linked with the processing of plant fibres for their use in cordage and/or textiles, or for working with animal skins, have also been found. The present study focuses on a category of implement made from bovid bones that display two or three holes. We propose the hypothesis of a possible use of this type of implement as a tensioner to make cordage by twisting plant fibres. A morphometric study of the different specimens has been carried out and an experimental programme with replicas of the archaeological objects has been undertaken to produce a cord of similar attributes to one documented at La Draga. A use-wear analysis of the best preserved artefact has also been performed. The experimental study has enabled a better understanding of the cordage manufacturing process and provided evidence supporting the hypothesis of the function of those implements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The signal and the noise: inherent challenges for isotopic studies in bioarchaeology","authors":"Tamsin C. O’Connell","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isotopic analysis as a method of assessing diet or geographical origin is now ubiquitous in archaeology, to the point where seemingly no project is complete without it. Yet despite its prevalence, it is not a straightforward technique that provides a simple answer. I argue that many researchers overlook the fact that the situation is rarely clear-cut, with many contributing factors, that each situation is usually complex and can vary depending on the nature of each study or sample. This can lead to interpretations that are overly simple or at a higher degree of precision than are warranted by the data.</div><div>In this paper I outline some of the issues that confront us as we try to unravel the tangled web that is isotopic patterning in consumer data, in particular the factors that determine the limits of the technique’s resolution, and therefore our interpretations. I identify some points for best practice, and then discuss in more detail areas that I think need overt attention at the level of each and every study: confidence in specimen and data integrity; considerations of analytical scope and scale; data interrogation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of early agriculture – multivariate analysis of changes in crop cultivation and farming practices in the Rhineland (Germany) between the 6th and early 4th millennium BCE","authors":"Tanja Zerl ,&nbsp;Stefan Suhrbier ,&nbsp;Silviane Scharl ,&nbsp;Manuel Broich ,&nbsp;Hannah Lindemann ,&nbsp;Nadine Nolde ,&nbsp;Anna Schick ,&nbsp;Astrid Stobbe ,&nbsp;Astrid Röpke","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>First evidence for food production in continental Europe dates to the late 7^th (Southeast Europe) and the 6^th mill. BCE (Central and Western Europe). Early farming practices, however, were not static and underwent considerable changes and developments in the centuries and millennia following their arrival. Regionally varying processes of standardisation and diversification can be observed. To gain a deeper understanding of these processes on a regional scale, which also allows for a review and discussion of possible causes, we collected data on archaeobotanical macro remains from 72 sites in the Rhineland (Germany), dating from the later 6^th to the early 4^th mill. BCE. The Rhineland was selected due to its rich record in archaeobotanical material. As a multivariate analysis shows, a statistically significant correlation can be demonstrated between chronological development on the one hand and the crop spectrum on the other hand. Moreover, the diachronic patterns reveals a diversification of the cereal spectrum. Similarly, settlement patterns also changed, and sites were located on a greater variety of soils. As a change in environmental factors can be ruled out, we discuss risk management strategies and growing experience with agriculture as possible causes for the observed transformation. Moreover, this methodological approach makes it possible to include sites that yielded only a small number of samples which were previously considered unrepresentative. Using multivariate statistics, we can demonstrate that the sample size has no statistically significant influence on the results of our analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the StW 53 cranium (Sterkfontein, South Africa) the earliest evidence of tool-assisted hominin modification? New data from a neotaphonomic experiment and the virtual reconstruction of its linear marks","authors":"Mari Carmen Arriaza ,&nbsp;Julia Aramendi ,&nbsp;Ronald Clarke ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Maté-González ,&nbsp;José Yravedra ,&nbsp;Paloma de la Peña ,&nbsp;Dominic Stratford","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taphonomic studies aim to discern the origin of bone assemblages at archaeological and palaeontological sites, determining whether (or the degree to which) carnivores, humans or natural processes were involved in the accumulation and modification of such assemblages. The StW 53 <em>Australopithecus</em> cranium from Sterkfontein (South Africa) exhibits striations on the antero-medial face of the zygomatic arch. Previous taphonomic analyses suggested that these bone surface modifications were cut marks. However, subsequent research argued that the linear marks were produced through contact with an autogenic clast from the cave. An accurate taphonomic interpretation is crucial because, if the StW 53 striations are cut marks, it could represent the earliest evidence of tool-assisted modification of a hominin bone. New neotaphonomic experiments have been conducted to test both hypotheses. Additionally, geometric morphometric analysis and machine learning algorithms have been used to characterize the morphology of both cut marks and natural marks. Results indicate that the more plausible hypothesis for the origin of the StW 53 striations is a natural taphonomic process involving an autogenic clast from the cave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}