Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

{"title":"Pyrite tesserae mosaics from El Caño (750–1100 CE), Panamá: Evidence of interactions between the Coclé and Maya regions","authors":"Julia Mayo Torné, Carlos Mayo-Torné, Delvis Hernández, Antonio Zamora, Eric Gutiérrez, Jorge Ceballos, Juan Antonio Jaén, Medín Denvers, Emiliano Melgar Tísoc","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106143","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to identify the origin of mosaic stone tesserae mirrors discovered in El Caño, an archaeological site located in the Isthmus of Panamá within the archaeological tradition of Gran Coclé (750–1100 c.e.). The research objectives include (i) typological classification of the mirrors from El Caño by measuring the degree of similarity using the Jaccard coefficient, (ii) characterization of the materials used to make their stone bases, involving analyses such as optical microscopy, thin sections (petrography), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD); and (iii) identification of the tools used in their manufacture, through observations of marks using optical microscope and electron microscopy (SEM and Back Scattered Electron Detector [BSE]). The results indicate that (i) the mirrors found in El Caño are typologically similar to Maya mirrors from the Late Classic and Postclassic periods, (ii) the rocks used to manufacture the mirror bases are quartzose sandstone not observed in the geological formations in the Isthmus, and (iii) the tools used for shaping were limestone abrasives, consistent with the abrasives used by the Maya for shaping the stone bases of their mirrors. Considering these results, it is inferred that the artisans who manufactured the mirrors found in El Caño were Maya.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How teeth record and attenuate seasonal signals","authors":"Daniel R. Green, Tanya M. Smith, Gerry Olack, Ian S. Williams, Paul Tafforeau, Albert S. Colman, Kevin T. Uno","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106148","url":null,"abstract":"Variability of oxygen isotopes in environmental water is recorded in tooth enamel, providing a record of seasonal change, dietary variability, and mobility. Physiology dampens this variability, however, as oxygen passes from environmental sources into blood and forming teeth. We showcase two methods of high resolution, 2-dimensional enamel sampling, and conduct modeling, to report why and how environmental oxygen isotope variability is reduced in animal bodies and teeth. First, using two modern experimental sheep, we introduce a sampling method, die-saw dicing, that provides high-resolution physical samples (n = 109 and 111 sample locations per tooth) for use in conventional stable isotope and molecular measurement protocols. Second, we use an ion microprobe to sample innermost enamel in an experimental sheep (n = 156 measurements), and in a Pleistocene orangutan (n = 176 measurements). Synchrotron and conventional μCT scans reveal innermost enamel thicknesses averaging 18 and 21 μm in width. Experimental data in sheep show that compared to drinking water, oxygen isotope variability in blood is reduced to 70–90 %; inner and innermost enamel retain between 36 and 48 % of likely drinking water stable isotope range, but this recovery declines to 28–34 % in outer enamel. 2D isotope sampling suggests that declines in isotopic variability, and shifted isotopic oscillations throughout enamel, result from the angle of secretory hydroxyapatite deposition and its overprinting by maturation. This overprinting occurs at all locations including innermost enamel, and is greatest in outer enamel. These findings confirm that all regions of enamel undergo maturation to varying degrees and confirm that inner and innermost enamel preserve more environmental variability than other regions. We further show how the resolution of isotope sampling — not only the spatial resolution within teeth, but also the temporal resolution of water in the environment — impacts our estimate of how much variation teeth recover from the environment. We suggest inverse methods, or multiplication by standard factors determined by ecology, taxon, and sampling strategy, to reconstruct the full scale of seasonal environmental variability. We advocate for combined inverse modeling and high-resolution sampling informed by the spatiotemporal pattern of enamel formation, and at the inner or innermost enamel when possible, to recover seasonal records from teeth.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence of the supra-regional marble trade network in Thrace, through the archaeometric study of sculptures in Roman Philippopolis","authors":"Vasiliki Anevlavi, Walter Prochaska, Petya Andreeva, Sabine Ladstätter","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106128","url":null,"abstract":"The current assessment of marble sources in the Mediterranean, drawing from prior publications, reveals notable disparities in the distribution of raw materials across the region. Specifically, data on marble sources in the Balkans, including the Roman province of Thrace, are notably underrepresented, stressing the need for a more comprehensive analysis. Marble provenance studies contribute to a better understanding of the economy and the societal structure of the area and may serve as a model for other larger-scale research of local quarries and ancient sites, as well as the connections and the long-distance trade and sub-regional/regional marble markets. The case study of Philippopolis (mod. Plovdiv, Bulgaria) projects the phenomenon of ‘localism’ by prioritising the local raw material, the local production and consumption of goods. However, on certain occasions, the province kept its connectivity with large marble producers of the Eastern Mediterranean, such as Prokonnesos, Aphrodisias, Penteli, etc., for specific artefacts (e.g., sculptures). Employing a diverse array of methodologies, including stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), multi-trace element analysis through ICP-MS, and petrography, enables the identification of the provenance of these samples. This study entails a deeper exploration of the relationship between producers and resources, as well as the historical evolution of marble consumption patterns in the area. Within this context, a crucial endeavour involves unravelling the mechanisms that shaped and drove the marble trade network within the confines of this Roman provincial territory.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Red Ochre in Sinopia: Non-invasive characterization of the invisible frescos beneath Roman and Byzantine mosaics in Judea","authors":"Yotam Asscher, Giulia Ricci, Michela Reato, Abraham Leviant, Ilana Peters, Jacques Neguer, Mark Avrahami, Gilberto Artioli","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106146","url":null,"abstract":"Preparatory drawings in mortars have guided mosaicists in the placement of colored tesserae, as a form of blueprint for the style and content of the mosaic. These drawings are made by implementing pigments in the substrate mortars, following the <ce:italic>fresco</ce:italic> technique, and are commonly known as <ce:italic>sinopia</ce:italic>. This study analyzes the data from non-invasive techniques applied on red and pink <ce:italic>sinopia</ce:italic> that was found below Roman and Byzantine mosaics in Judea. The mineralogical and chemical characteristics show hematite as the main chromophore, with different implementation of the red ochre in lime to achieve pink colors. The shift from red to pink colors is quantified using non-invasive portable reflectance spectroscopy, showing a reduction in the red colorimetric values, which is correlated to lower Fe/Ca values as determined by a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Diffraction and electron microscopy support the notion that the artisans added an additional layer of lime plaster on top of the red ochre, about 200 μm thick, to lighten the hue from red to pink. This research underscores the importance of studying <ce:italic>sinopia</ce:italic> beneath floor mosaics to understand pigments and techniques, contributing to the understanding of how red ochre attenuates through lime mortars.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the rhenium-osmium isotopic system and metal trace-elements analysis for iron provenance","authors":"Adi Eliyahu-Behar, Ivan Stepanov, Ernst Pernicka, Michael Brauns","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106134","url":null,"abstract":"Although programs focusing on the provenance of ancient iron are becoming more common in archaeometallurgical research, no standardised approach currently exists. Recent studies have shown the potential of osmium (<ce:sup loc=\"post\">187</ce:sup>Os/<ce:sup loc=\"post\">188</ce:sup>Os) isotope analysis as a robust and effective method. It was also shown that trace element composition analysis, of the metal phase, provides a complementary fingerprint to refine hypotheses about the origins of archaeological iron, and to overcome the overlapping of isotopic signatures. This study further explores the potential of the rhenium-osmium isotope system and the <ce:sup loc=\"post\">187</ce:sup>Re/<ce:sup loc=\"post\">188</ce:sup>Os isotope ratio as an additional parameter for distinguishing ore sources.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sedaDNA revolution and archaeology: Progress, challenges, and a research agenda","authors":"A.G. Brown, M. Lucas, I.G. Alsos, B. Fromm, S. Hudson","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106132","url":null,"abstract":"The uptake of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) in archaeology appears to be rather behind that in areas such as palaeoecology, palaeolimnology and Quaternary sciences in general, and in contrast to the on-going revolution in palaeogenomics from skeletal material. From our experience of a high level of requests for sedaDNA analyses and general enquiries, we ascribe this so a knowledge-gap in the bioarchaeology and environmental archaeology sub-disciplines. This paper aims to address this by; providing a review of sedaDNA research in archaeology including taphonomic considerations by environmental context types, sampling and analytical considerations, quality control and authentication, and combined analysis with other proxies. Key areas of emerging archaeological application include a much deeper understanding of hunter-gatherer landscape interactions, the environments of early agriculture, domestication, disease and pandemics, field systems and agricultural revolutions. The high taxonomic precision of sedaDNA metabarcoding also provides new approaches to human migration since people migrate with their food cultures. It is hoped that this will encourage archaeological scientists to enter this research field, which is currently short of trained personnel. The paper also sets out the major challenges that are faced in the further application of sedaDNA, and potentially sedaRNA, in archaeology and also possible solutions and avenues for fruitful research. It is argued that sedaDNA, although immensely powerful, is still at present best used in combination with traditional areas of archaeobotany and archaeozoology. However, the emerging possibilities of both palaeo-phylogenetics and functional palaeogenetics are sign-posts to a deeper application that could constitute a revolution in archaeological science.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of accessibility and saturation of the Roman transport network in the urban development of the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"C. Carreras, P. De Soto, N. Romaní","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the thermal synthesis conditions of Maya blue: Insights into colors, stability and clay-dye interactions","authors":"Guanzheng Zhuang, Li Li, Qian Liu, Peng Yuan, Maguy Jaber, Francisco Rodrigues, Jixing Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106144","url":null,"abstract":"Maya blue can be synthesized by heating a mixture of indigo and palygorskite, yet the impact of preparation conditions on its properties is not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of heating temperature (100–500 °C) and duration (1–72 h) on the color, acid resistance, solvent resistance, and photostability of Maya blue, as well as the pigment's structure and the indigo-palygorskite interaction. The reflectance spectra and CIE color parameters indicate that the optimal synthesis temperature for Maya blue lies between 100 and 200 °C, with a recommended heating time not exceeding 8 h. Increasing the temperature (up to 200 °C) enhances the green hue while diminishing the blue hue; however, temperatures above 200 °C result in significant color saturation loss. At 150 °C, extending the heating duration increases the green hue while maintaining stability after 8 h, with a corresponding reduction in the blue hue. The specific surface area, micropore volume, and X-ray diffraction results suggest that indigo molecules diffuse deeply into the palygorskite channels under heating. The infrared spectra indicate that the interaction between indigo and palygorskite appears weak, with indigo being encapsulated as stabilized monomers through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which contributes to the greenish-blue hue and exceptional stability of Maya blue. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images confirmed the identical microstructure of Maya blue and raw palygorskite. These findings enhance the understanding of Maya blue’ preparation mechanism and may contribute to the development of organic-inorganic hybrid materials.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First provenance evidence for lapis lazuli artefacts from Arabia: Analytical study of beads from the Umm an-Nar tomb DH7-1 at Dahwa, Sultanate of Oman","authors":"Marta Magalini, Laura Guidorzi, Alessandro Re, Dennys Frenez, Kimberly D. Williams, Khaled A. Douglas, Nasser S. al-Jahwari, Quentin Lemasson, Claire Pacheco, Laurent Pichon, Brice Moignard, Alessandro Lo Giudice","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106131","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, two wholly preserved lapis lazuli beads from an Umm An-Nar-type communal tomb excavated in Dahwa (2500-2000 BCE, Sultanate of Oman) have been analysed by means of non-invasive analytical techniques to try to determine the provenance of their raw material. The importance of these beads is due to the fact that they are possibly among the earliest lapis lazuli objects found in south-eastern Arabia to date. The combined results of the provenance and stylistic investigations presented in this work aim to assess the geological origin of the raw material used to produce these beads as well as their cultural affiliation, providing crucial insights into reconstructing the lapis lazuli trade between Western Asia and the Mediterranean during the third millennium BCE. To identify the lapis lazuli provenance, in-air ion microbeam techniques were used to measure the trace elements content and the luminescent properties of different mineralogical phases within the lapis lazuli rock. Data were compared with those collected over the past 15 years on rocks from five mining areas in Chile, Afghanistan, Siberia, Tajikistan and Myanmar. Using a protocol based on this rock database and exploiting a multivariate method (principal component analysis) on the compositional results, it was possible to prove that the raw material of the beads only matched the Afghan quarry district.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed Sources of Pb and Sn in late bronze age European tin ingots provide insights into production processes","authors":"W. Powell, R. Mathur, K.A. Yener, M. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106135","url":null,"abstract":"Tin ingots have been the focus of multi-method studies involving Sn and Pb isotopes, as well as trace element patterns, in an effort to determine provenance. Although they are non-alloyed artifacts, it has been demonstrated recently that the Pb in most tin ingots was acquired from multiple sources. Herein, we re-examine the corpus of analytical chemical and isotopic studies of European tin ingots from prehistory to investigate the nature and extent of metal mixing in these objects. Multi-variable mixing trends were identified in 20% of Uluburun ingots and 50% of Israeli ingots. A general Pb-associated mixing trend observed throughout the full assemblage of oxhide ingots in the Uluburun cargo suggests that the extent of mixing is considerably higher. The absence of mixing patterns in Sn and Pb isotopes and small size of the ingots from SW England suggests simple one-pour casts of small ingots. In contrast, the extensive mixing in large Mediterranean ingots demonstrates that amalgamation and recasting of tin metal was commonplace within this region of extensive long-distance exchange. Mixing trends were also identified for trace elements including Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, Te, Ta, Au, and Bi. The complex mixing patterns associated with Mediterranean tin ingots provide new information regarding the <ce:italic>habitus</ce:italic> of workers engaged in the <ce:italic>chaîne opératoire</ce:italic> of tin production, including ore purification, contamination during smelting and/or casting, and the recasting of tin to facilitate transport and exchange in the large-scale, standardized markets of the eastern Mediterranean. Given the apparent extent of mixing evident in tin ingots, mixed metal sources must be considered when interpreting the isotopic and trace element compositions of tin artifacts to infer the metal's provenance.","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}