Journal of Clinical Hypertension最新文献

{"title":"Agreement between resting heart rate measured by unattended automated office and office blood pressure measurement, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, or electrocardiography.","authors":"Piotr Sobieraj, Mateusz Leśniewski, Agnieszka Sawicka, Maciej Siński, Jacek Lewandowski","doi":"10.1111/jch.14892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of unattended blood pressure measurement (uAOBPM) for resting heart rate (RHR) assessment is unknown. To assess the agreement between RHR measured during uAOBPM and other methods, the authors conducted a comparability study with office blood pressure measurement (OBPM), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and electrocardiogram (ECG) in a group of 110 participants referred for ABPM. RHR measured with uAOBPM (70.8 ± 12.5 bpm) was significantly lower than OBPM (72.8 ± 12.6 bpm) but higher than measured by 24 h ABPM (67.5 ± 10.2 bpm). There was no significant difference was found between RHR measured by uAOBPM and daytime ABPM (70.3 ± 11.2 bpm) or ECG (69.1 ± 11.6 bpm). Using Bland-Altman statistics, the authors discovered a small difference in agreement between RHR measured by uAOBPM and daytime ABPM (bias: 0.4 with 95% confidence interval: -0.8 to 1.6 bpm), with a poorer agreement with OBPM (bias -2 with 95% confidence interval: -2.8 to -1.3 bpm) and ECG (bias 1.6 with 95% confidence interval: 0.5 to 2.7 bpm). The authors found significant agreement between uAOBPM and ECG in identifying subjects with RHR > 80 bpm OBPM, with Cohen's kappa coefficients of 0.783 and 0.671, respectively. Their findings indicate that RHR measured with uAOBPM remains in acceptable agreement with OBPM, ABPM, and ECG, the best agreement obtained with RHR from daytime ABPM.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationships Among Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Adults.","authors":"Xiaowen Ou, Tong Lin, Jin Gong, Xiaoqi Cai, Ying Han, Guoyan Xu, Liangdi Xie","doi":"10.1111/jch.14910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationships between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in adults were investigated. A total of 1398 subjects were included according to the inclusion criteria. Demographic data, medical history, and biochemical indicators were collected. The cfPWV was measured using the Complior Analyse device. AIP was calculated using the following formula: AIP = log (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression were performed to explore the relationships between AIP and cfPWV. Compared to the cfPWV normal group, the cfPWV elevated group had a higher level of AIP (p < 0.05). In all subjects, mild-to-moderate correlations were found between AIP and cfPWV (p < 0.05). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that AIP was an independent factor associated with cfPWV (β = 0.156, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the prevalence of cfPWV ≥ 10 m/s increased with the rise of AIP (OR = 18.291, p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for AIP was 0.697. The critical point for AIP was determined as 0.00 by the Youden index (sensitivity of 76.2% and specificity of 54.3%). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that in the young and middle-aged group with normal cfPWV, AIP was an independent factor associated with cfPWV (p < 0.05). In adults, AIP is an independent factor associated with an increased cfPWV. When AIP > 0.00, it has a certain predictive value in the screening of atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension.","authors":"Haijun Chen, Yalan Deng, Hailing Zhou, Wenzhong Wu, Jinhua Bao, Deyou Cao, Yuze Li, Yingmei Feng","doi":"10.1111/jch.14902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is one component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, the study evaluated hypertension-associated metabolites in relation to other MetS components. Fasting plasma samples were collected from 22 hypertensive and 63 normotensive subjects for non-targeted metabolomics. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients were more diabetic (6.3% vs. 36.4%) and had dyslipidemia (27.0% vs. 63.6%) (both p < .05). By non-targeted metabolomics, 758 metabolites in 22 classes were identified and 56 were differentially regulated between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Amongst these 56 metabolites, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 14 had an area under the curve above 0.6. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated that per one-fold increase of L-glutmatic acid, L-cystine, (9S,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-Hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, deoxyribose 5-phosphate, and falcarinolone, the odds ratios were 3.64, 4.61, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.37 for having the risk of hypertension, respectively. Of five metabolites, by Spearman's correlation analysis, only L-glutmatic acid and L-cystine levels were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (all p < .05). Spearman's correlation analysis further revealed that L-glutmatic acid levels were positively correlated with to body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, and serum triglyceride but negatively associated with HDL-c (all p < .05) whereas L-cystine levels were not related to any of these components (p ≥ .13). Multivariate-adjusted linear regression analysis confirmed the positive correlation between L-cystine levels and systolic or diastolic blood pressure (β = 2.66 for SBP; β = 2.50 for DBP; both p < .05). In conclusion, L-cystine could be a potent metabolite for increased risk of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U-shaped Association Between Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index and Arterial Stiffness Among Adult Hypertensive Patients: A Population-Based Study in the United States.","authors":"Taotao Wei, Xin Lin, Jie Ma, Luosha Wang, Jing Su, Jing Yu","doi":"10.1111/jch.14914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) is an innovative measure of obesity that appears to surpass body mass index (BMI) in assessing lean body mass and fat mass. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between WWI and AS in hypertensive adults in the United States. The study included 9753 adults diagnosed with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which spanned the years 2007-2016. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference (in cm) by the square root of body weight (in kg), and arterial stiffness (represented by estimated pulse wave velocity [ePWV]) was analyzed as the outcome. Weighted multiple linear regression and smooth curve fitting were used to test for linear and nonlinear associations. Threshold effects were determined using a two-part linear regression model. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to gain a more in-depth understanding of the observed associations. The mean WWI of the participants was 11.32 ± 0.76. After multivariable adjustment, WWI showed a significant nonlinear association with ePWV, with a U-shaped association observed between the two. Specifically, WWI below the threshold of 10.23 was negatively associated with arterial stiffness (β = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.25), while WWI above the threshold of 10.23 was positively associated with arterial stiffness (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01-0.07). To conclude, the present findings imply that maintaining WWI within an optimal range could reduce AS in hypertensive individuals and potentially decrease cardiovascular risk. However, this observation needs to be confirmed in large clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Chronic Kidney Disease in Normal-Weight Chinese Adults With Hypertension.","authors":"Chao Yu, Wei Zhou, Xinlei Zhou, Lingjuan Zhu, Tao Wang, Huihui Bao, Xiaoshu Cheng","doi":"10.1111/jch.14913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in normotensive adults with hypertension and further investigate potential effect modifiers of this association. A total of 7975 normoweight hypertensive participants were enrolled from the Chinese H-type hypertension registry (CHHRS) cohort. The TyG index was calculated using the formula: ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting plasma glucose [mg/dL])/2. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² of body surface area. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a 50% increased risk of CKD (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.26-1.79) for each unit increase in the TyG index. A linear dose-response relationship between the TyG index and CKD risk was observed using restricted cubic spline analysis. Compared to the first quartile of the TyG index, the fourth quartile showed a significantly higher risk of CKD (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.41-2.50). Subgroup analysis identified a stronger association between the TyG index and CKD risk in males and individuals with a history of alcohol consumption (all p values for interaction < 0.05). In conclusions, the TyG index was significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD in normoweight adults with hypertension, particularly in males and those with a history of alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Aldosteronism Influences Cardiac Structure, Function, and Disease Risk: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Rui Shen, Chengliang Pan, Jian Yu, Chen Dong, Zhiyang Li, Jiangmei Zhang, Qian Dong, Kunwu Yu, Qiutang Zeng","doi":"10.1111/jch.14912","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jch.14912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although observational studies have linked primary aldosteronism (PA) with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the causality remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether PA is causally associated with CVD risk and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Independent and genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for PA were extracted from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Genetic associations with the CVDs and CMR parameters were obtained from recent large-scale GWASs or genetic consortia. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized for the preliminary estimates, and multiple sensitivity analyses (including weighted median, Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis) were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. The MR analyses using the IVW method showed that genetically predicated PA was significantly associated with atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.046, 95% CI: 1.029-1.062, padj < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.005-1.053, padj = 0.027), heart failure (OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.004-1.042, padj = 0.027), any stroke (OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.031-1.095, padj < 0.001), any ischemic stroke (OR = 1.058, 95% CI: 1.022-1.095, padj = 0.004), and small vessel stroke (OR = 1.116, 95% CI: 1.041-1.196, padj = 0.004). Notably, PA also had a causal effect on adverse cardiac remodeling, including larger ventricular and atrial volumes, higher ventricular stroke volume, and reduced left atrial emptying fraction. Our findings support a causal role of PA in higher cardiovascular disease risk and adverse cardiac remodeling. Given the diagnostic delay and disease burden in PA, more attention should be paid to the screening and treatment of PA to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Pressure Reduction and Changes in Antihypertensive Medication Use Among Patients With Hypertension Who Initiated Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors.","authors":"Jaejin An, John J Sim, Matt M Zhou, Hui Zhou, Soon Kyu Choi, Jeffrey W Brettler, Angeline L Ong-Su, Kristi Reynolds","doi":"10.1111/jch.14915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated a blood pressure (BP) reduction benefit despite other indications for use. We evaluated BP changes and antihypertensive medication use pre- and post-SGLT2i initiation among 12 960 patients with treated hypertension and among subgroups with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) and/or proteinuria. Post-SGLT2i initiation, the mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced from 133.9 (16.4) to 128.6 (15.5) mmHg and the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was reduced from 70.8 (11.8) to 68.3 (11.3) mmHg among all patients. The mean SBP/DBP reduction was 5.3/2.5, 6.2/2.8, and 6.1/2.9 mmHg among all patients, patients with aTRH, and patients with proteinuria, respectively. Achieved BP < 130/80 mmHg increased by 12.5%, 16.9%, and 11.1% for all patients, patients with aTRH, and patients with proteinuria, respectively. Discontinuation of ≥ 1 antihypertensive medication within 12 months of SGLT2i initiation occurred in 33.4% overall, 47.6% of patients with aTRH, and 38.7% of patients with proteinuria.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotyping Kidney Function in Young Adults With High Blood Pressure: The African-PREDICT Study.","authors":"Anja Degenaar, Ruan Kruger, Adriaan Jacobs, Catharina M C Mels","doi":"10.1111/jch.14911","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jch.14911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomarkers of kidney function, including glomerular, tubular, and fibrotic markers, have been associated with blood pressure in elderly populations and individuals with kidney and cardiovascular diseases. However, limited information is available in young adults. In this study, we compared levels of several kidney function biomarkers between normotensive and hypertensive young adults and explored the associations of these biomarkers with blood pressure within these groups. In this cross-sectional assessment, twenty-four-hour (24-h) blood pressure measurements of 1055 participants (mean age = 24.6 years) were used to classify hypertension as per the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines. Biomarkers of kidney function included estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin, alpha-1 microglobulin (uA1M), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), uromodulin (uUMOD), and the CKD273 classifier. All urinary biomarkers, except for the CKD273 classifier, were standardized for urinary creatinine (Cr). In the hypertensive group (61.0% White; 73.2% men), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), uNGAL/Cr and uUMOD/Cr were lower than the normotensive group. In multiple regression analyses, 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.14; p = 0.042), 24-h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 0.14; p = 0.040), and 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 0.16; p = 0.020) associated positively with uA1M/Cr in the hypertensive group, while 24-h MAP positively associated with uACR (β = 0.17; p = 0.017). In exploratory factor analysis, positive associations of 24-h DBP and 24-h MAP with a factor pattern including tubular biomarkers were observed in the hypertensive group (24-h DBP: β = 0.18; p = 0.026, 24-h MAP: β = 0.17; p = 0.032). In the setting of hypertension, high perfusion pressure in the kidneys may play a role in the development of proximal tubule damage and promote early deterioration in kidney function in young adults. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03292094.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing sources of bias in the GRAND study protocol in India.","authors":"Narsingh Verma, Noriko Matsushita, Ebtehal Salman, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Yutaka Imai","doi":"10.1111/jch.14901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid intima-media thickness, primary aldosteronism, and target organ damage in untreated hypertensive patients","authors":"Christian Saleh MD","doi":"10.1111/jch.14896","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jch.14896","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Dear Sir,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Li et al. investigated in their study the association between primary aldosteronism (PA) and target organ damage (TOD) among patients with newly diagnosed hypertension.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The authors wrote, “Clinical studies have shown that PA is associated with an increased risk of TOD, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), microalbuminuria and increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), compared with essential hypertension (EH)”.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Fifty-seven patients with PA (mean age 44 years, 56% male gender) and 987 individuals (matched for age/gender) without PA were included.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; As surrogate marker for preclinical atherosclerosis the CIMT was used.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The authors concluded that their research demonstrated “that individuals with PA had more severe TOD than those without PA, including LVH, carotid atherosclerosis, and microalbuminuria”.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some comments are needed to evaluate the results and conclusions of this study in a more exhaustive way. As to their measurement, the authors wrote, “the vertical distance from the upper margin of vascular intima to the upper margin of the vascular adventitia of the distal common carotid artery (with an up–and–down range of 1.0 to 1.5 cm below the level of the bifurcation) or the initial segment of the internal carotid artery was measured as the intima-media thickness (IMT)”.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; From the methodological description, namely the use of the word “or”, it appears that the authors measured not uniformly in (a) preestablished carotid artery (CA) segment(s) (e.g., common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), CCA solely, ICA solely), but apparently chose for each subject a different segment of the CA, that is, the CCA or the ICA. Ultrasonography cannot differentiate intermediate stages between IMT and atherosclerotic plaque, whereby such conditions, while occasionally present at the CCA, are common at the bifurcation and the ICA.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In the “Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Consensus paper” the important differentiation between IMT and plaque formation is made, “Epidemiological and intervention studies have shown that although both share common risk factors of atherosclerosis, its natural history, patterns of risk factors and the prediction of cardiac and cerebral events are different for carotid IMT and carotid plaque”.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Ling et al., wrote in their meta-analysis, “CCA-IMT is more likely linked to systemic atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling in response to hemodynamic changes rather than ICA-IMT, which is related to localized atherosclerosis”.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; It is not comprehensible why Li et al.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; did not perform uniformly their CIMT measures at the same CA location(s) and instead adopted a highly heterogenic data acquisition. As to their selected cutoff, Li et","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}