Journal of Clinical Hypertension最新文献

{"title":"Can Cardiovascular Risk Factors Be Predicted? The Case of Weight-Adjusted Waist Index","authors":"Claudio Borghi, Giulia Fiorini","doi":"10.1111/jch.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the quest for reliable indicators of metabolic health has intensified, particularly in the context of rising global obesity rates [<span>1</span>]. The increase in the prevalence of obesity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular and metabolic-related mortality and morbidity that can be partially explained with the increase in the prevalence of several cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, lipid disorders, and elevated serum uric acid [<span>2</span>]. The traditional methods for assessing obesity, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, have their limitations since BMI does not account for fat distribution, while waist circumference fails to consider body weight. This problem has been recently emphasized by a publication of the Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission [<span>3</span>] suggesting the need for a new estimate of overweight/obesity to overcome the limitations of the current definitions. This is the reason why several alternative measures of overweight have come into play. Among the plethora of metrics available, the Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) estimated by dividing the waist circumference (in cm) by the square root of body weight (in kg) [<span>4</span>] has emerged as a promising contender [<span>5</span>]. By adjusting waist circumference for weight, the WWI offers a more nuanced perspective on an individual's metabolic status. It effectively combines the advantages of both waist measurement and weight, providing a clearer picture of visceral fat accumulation, which is more closely associated with metabolic diseases.</p><p>In the present issue of the Journal, Miao et al. [<span>6</span>] have explored the potential of WWI as a predictive tool in patients with hypertension and hyperuricemia (HTN-HUA), two conditions that are increasingly prevalent and often interlinked. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is often exacerbated by obesity [<span>7</span>]. Hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated uric acid levels in the blood, is not only a precursor to gout but is also associated with various metabolic disorders, including hypertension [<span>8</span>]. Hypertension and elevated urate levels are frequently associated in the same patients, particularly in the presence of obesity [<span>9, 10</span>] that could represent an early promoter of both cardiometabolic risk factors. The interplay between these three conditions underscores the need for effective screening tools that can identify individuals at risk before the onset of more severe health issues.</p><p>The study has examined the population of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database during the period 1999–2018 and has reached the conclusion of a significant and nonlinear association between WWI and HTN-HUA. A weaker, but significant correlation has also been observed between WWI and SUA or HTN alone, suggesting the predictive role of su","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Gaps: Dietary Influence and Machine Learning in Hypertension and Comorbidities","authors":"Javeria Akhter, Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.1111/jch.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dear Editor,</p><p>We read with great interest the recent article by Zhang et al., “Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipidemia Status Among Hypertensive Patients in the Community and Influencing Factors Analysis of Blood Pressure Control,” which provides valuable insights into the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia among hypertensive patients and investigates their impact on blood pressure (BP) control using a large dataset from the National Basic Public Health Service Program in Guangzhou. The authors successfully underscore key risk factors influencing BP control, including obesity, alcohol use, physical inactivity, and poor medication adherence [<span>1</span>]. Although the study presents significant findings, several methodological aspects warrant further discussion.</p><p>First, the study appropriately recognizes the increased prevalence of comorbid T2DM and hyperlipidemia among hypertensive patients and its association with poorer BP control. However, one major constraint is the lack of stratification based on the severity of hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Given the varied nature of these conditions, a more detailed subgroup analysis considering glycemic control levels (e.g., HbA1c categories) and lipid profiles (e.g., LDL/HDL ratios) would provide deeper insights into their precise impact on BP regulation.</p><p>Second, while the study underlines key lifestyle factors affecting BP control, the role of dietary patterns is not sufficiently addressed. Prior studies have shown that dietary sodium intake, fat composition, and overall macronutrient distribution significantly affect BP levels in hypertensive patients with metabolic comorbidities [<span>2</span>]. Incorporating dietary data into the analysis would strengthen the study's conclusions and provide actionable recommendations for community-based hypertension management.</p><p>Third, although the study investigates important influencing factors on BP control, it does not sufficiently address the role of medication adherence beyond a general assessment. Hypertensive patients with comorbidities like T2DM and hyperlipidemia often require complex polypharmacy, and adherence patterns can significantly impact BP control outcomes. Previous researches have shown that factors such as medication burden, side effects, and patient perceptions of treatment efficacy affect adherence rates [<span>3</span>]. Including a more comprehensive evaluation of medication adherence, such as pill burden or self-reported adherence scales, would provide more in-depth insights into its effect on BP regulation.</p><p>Moreover, the study employs logistic regression models to identify factors associated with BP regulation, but does not include machine learning techniques, which have been increasingly used in cardiovascular research for predictive modeling. Advanced statistical approaches, such as the random forest model, could increase risk stratification and improve predictive accuracy in ide","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Association of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Population: Findings From the Sub-Cohort of China PEACE Million Persons Project","authors":"Shiping Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Feng,&nbsp;He Zheng,&nbsp;Jiabin Wang,&nbsp;Mengqi Yan,&nbsp;Dan Zhou,&nbsp;Yingqing Feng","doi":"10.1111/jch.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sex differences significantly influence the prognosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). To investigate sex-specific differences in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) among individuals with LVH, we enrolled 14 636 (mean age 57 years, women 59.1%) participants with high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) from the sub-cohort of the China PEACE Million Persons Project. LVH was identified by echocardiography dividing left ventricular mass (LVM) by body surface area (BSA), height^1.7, or height^2.7 using validated sex-specific cutoff values. MACE was defined as a composite of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, strokes, heart failure, and/or cardiovascular death. During a median follow-up of 3.62 years, 1327 patients developed MACE. The prevalence of LVH was higher when indexing LVM to BSA and height^1.7 in women. Higher blood pressure (BP) and previous diabetes mellitus (DM) were associated with a higher risk of LVH in both genders, while aging and adiposity had a more hazardous impact in women than in men. Multivariable Cox regression analyses indicated an increasing risk between LVH and MACE exclusively in men. In individuals diagnosed with LVH, women exhibited a reduced risk for MACE. When indexing LVM to BSA, concentric hypertrophy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.37–2.19; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001] and eccentric hypertrophy (aHR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06–2.25; <i>p</i> = 0.025) were significantly associated with MACE in men. In this population study, risk factors including BP, blood glucose, lipids level, and BMI should be managed strictly. Additionally, men should pay more attention to the occurrence of LVH, which had a greater association with MACE.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Practice Nurse Intervention Versus Usual Care for Hypertension Control: A Pilot Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Juliette Vay-Demouy,&nbsp;Hélène Lelong,&nbsp;Jacques Blacher","doi":"10.1111/jch.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of a clinical trial to evaluate the impact of an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention on blood pressure (BP) control versus usual care in hypertension management, and to provide initial trends. This pilot study was designed as a prospective, open-label, randomized 1:1, controlled, and monocentric superiority trial, conducted in a French-labeled European Society of Hypertension excellence center. The APN intervention consisted of an in-depth therapeutic education and an assessment of therapeutic strategies with adjustments if needed. The study sample included 437 participants (<i>n</i> = 229 in the experimental group; <i>n</i> = 208 in the “usual care” group). Considering the selection bias identified for baseline systolic BP, statistical analyses were adjusted on this parameter. The APN intervention significantly reduced adjusted systolic BP in the experimental group compared with the “usual care” group (−2.72 mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and showed a trend toward a decrease in adjusted diastolic BP (−1.85 mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.07) and improved BP control with the APN intervention (−8.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.08). The experimental group was significantly more likely to adhere to the HBPM protocol compared with the control group (OR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.22–2.71], <i>p</i> = 0.003). This pilot study confirmed the feasibility of the clinical trial and offered the first data about APNs in hypertension management in France. Initial significant or borderline significant results are encouraging and suggest the benefit of an APN intervention on BP control in hypertension management. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.</p><p><b>Trial registration</b>: This clinical trial was registered on ClinicalTrials platform (NCT06227884).</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS/MS-Based Assay for Steroid Profiling in Peripheral and Adrenal Venous Samples for the Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism","authors":"Xiuqing Chen,&nbsp;Qinyi Li,&nbsp;Linjing Huang,&nbsp;Peiwen Wu","doi":"10.1111/jch.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the largely unexplored application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) steroid analysis in primary aldosteronism (PA), we aimed to investigate its diagnostic utility in PA classification and to characterize steroid secretion patterns across PA subtypes. We retrospectively enrolled 67 patients with PA and collected samples from both peripheral and adrenal veins. We performed a steroid analysis to compare the steroid panel differences between aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH), and unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UAH). Analyses included steroid concentrations and secretion ratios, with the latter calculated as individual steroid concentrations divided by total steroid content. The concentrations of 18-hydroxycortisol (18-OHF) were higher in the peripheral veins of patients with APA than in those with BAH and UAH (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). A threshold of 4.83 ng/mL for peripheral 18-OHF specifically identified APA cases. In APA cases, adrenal vein secretion ratios of aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB), and 18-OHF were significantly higher in dominant versus non-dominant adrenal veins (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). A secretion ratio of 18-OHF ≥ 14.6‰ and 18-OHB ≥ 4.03‰ from the adrenal vein achieved 100% specificity for identifying the dominant secretory side in cases of APA. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that LC-MS/MS steroid profiling effectively differentiates APA from other PA subtypes. The biochemical criteria for the secretion ratios of 18-OHF and 18-OHB from the adrenal vein provide objective criteria for lateralization diagnosis in APA. These findings could refine diagnostic strategies for PA subtyping.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Disparities in Heart Failure Mortality Among Hypertensive Older Adults in the United States: A 22-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Ahmed Raza,&nbsp;Manal Kaleem,&nbsp;Muhammad Aliyan Ahmed Shaikh,&nbsp;Fatima Mansoor,&nbsp;Muhammad Ansab,&nbsp;Mustafa Turkmani,&nbsp;Ubaid Khan","doi":"10.1111/jch.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hypertension (HTN) is a significant risk factor for heart failure (HF), and both significantly contribute to cardiovascular mortality. This study aims to examine trends and disparities in HF-related mortality among hypertensive older adults (≥65 years) in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC-WONDER) database data were analyzed, focusing on HTN as the underlying cause and HF as the contributing cause of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and crude rates were stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, age groups, urban–rural status, and geographic regions. The Joinpoint regression program was used to calculate annual percentage changes (APCs) and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). A total of 259 079 HF-related deaths occurred among hypertensive older adults, with an overall AAMR increase from 11.27 in 1999 to 41.05 in 2020, indicating a clear upward trend (AAPC: 5.51%). Females had higher AAMRs (28.57) than males (25.56); however, males showed a steeper rise in mortality (AAPC: 6.15% vs. 5.23%). Non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest AAMR (43.99), while NH Whites exhibited the most significant increase (AAPC: 5.92%). Mortality rates were highest in the West (AAMR: 34.57) and lowest in the Northeast (21.44). Non-metropolitan areas had a higher AAMR than metropolitan areas (30.69 vs. 26.52). These findings emphasize the necessity for targeted interventions to diminish disparities and tackle increasing mortality rates in vulnerable populations, especially among women, NH Blacks, individuals in the West, and those living in non-metropolitan areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and Age Differentials in Prevalence and Pattern of Nine Chronic Diseases Among Older Adults in India: An Analysis Based on Longitudinal Ageing Study in India","authors":"Mrigesh Bhatia,&nbsp;Laxmi Kant Dwivedi,&nbsp;Priti Maurya,&nbsp;Sameer Dawoodi,&nbsp;Waquar Ahmed,&nbsp;Somnath Jana,&nbsp;Priyanka Dixit","doi":"10.1111/jch.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for a major portion of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with older persons being especially vulnerable due to age-related health concerns. The burden of chronic diseases among India's aging population is understudied, particularly in terms of gender and age differences. The study utilized data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), wave 1 (2017–18), comprising a sample of 66,606 older adults aged 45 years and above. We performed a Mmultivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the age-gender differences in the prevalence and patterns of nine chronic diseases, namely hypertension, diabetes, cancer, chronic heart disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders, chronic lung disease, bone and joint diseases, and high cholesterol among older adults after adjusting for various socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Compared to male respondents, female older respondents were less likely to have diabetes and stroke (in the 45–59 and 60–69 years age groups), chronic lung diseases (in the 45–59 years age group), and chronic heart diseases (in the 60–69 years age group). Conversely, in the 70 years and above age group, older female respondents had higher odds of having hypertension and bone and joint diseases compared to male respondents. The current study revealed significant gender and age-related differences in the prevalence and odds of all the nine selected diseases even adjusted for potential confounding factors. The findings highlight how urgently age- and gender-specific treatments are needed to reduce inequities in chronic diseases, boost positive health outcomes, and improve the quality of life for India's aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Effects Between Blood Pressure Variability and Alzheimer's Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Pingping Jia,&nbsp;Ziyu Hao,&nbsp;Karen Yiu,&nbsp;Kelvin Tsoi","doi":"10.1111/jch.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), an escalating global public health concern, demonstrates complex pathogenesis involving both genetic predisposition and vascular components. Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, but its causal relationship with AD remains unclear. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between BPV and AD by applying Mendelian randomization (MR) to genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data. Genetic instruments were selected from BPV GWAS based on UK Biobank data, ensuring relevance and significance(<i>p</i> &lt; 5 × 10⁻⁶). Genetic estimates on exposure were obtained from three databases: The The International Genomic of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP); Maternal family history of AD from UK Biobank (MFH-UKBB), and Paternal family history of AD from UK Biobank (PFH-UKBB). Proxy SNPs were manually selected if SNPs were not available in the exposure GWAS. Data harmonization was performed to ensure consistency in effect and reference alleles. Three MR statistical methods were employed to assess causal effects, including inverse variance weighting (IVW) with random or fixed effect, MR-Egger regression, and the Weighted Median Method. Sensitivity analyses to evaluate robustness were also employed. Six SNPs associated with systolic BPV and six SNPs associated with diastolic BPV were included. Significant causal effects of SBPV on AD were found on the PFH-UKBB dataset in all four methods. The odds ratios for AD per 10-unit increment in SBPV were 1.028, 1.015, and 1.015 for MR-Egger, IVW-MR, and weighted median, respectively. In contrast, only IVW methods found significant results for DBPV in the MFH-UKBB dataset. SBPV is a possible causal risk factor for AD, while the evidence for DBPV needs further study. BPV control should be an important treatment target in preventing dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uric Acid Serves as a Risk Factor or Marker for Developing Hypertension According to Both Conventional and Novel Definitions: An Association or Causation!","authors":"Ugur Canpolat","doi":"10.1111/jch.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70063","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the current study, Liu et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] assessed the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and incident hypertension at different blood pressure (BP) cut-off levels (140/90 and 130/80 mmHg) according to recent studies and guidelines. The study involved 26 973 participants from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB), who were followed for a median of 4 years. The association of hyperuricemia and sex with incident hypertension was significant for both traditional (140/90 mmHg) and new (130/80 mmHg) definitions. They also reported a significant interaction between hyperuricemia and sex. Although confounding factors in the prediction of incident hypertension (both for traditional and new definitions) were adjusted in the analyses, patients with incident hypertension revealed a higher rate of SUA-associated several comorbidities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hypertension is known as one of the major cardiovascular disease risk factors. It has both modifiable and non-modifiable pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, preventing and controlling hypertension by modifying underlying mechanisms is essential for public health [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Hyperuricemia is a well-known mediator for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, by driving inflammation and oxidative stress [&lt;span&gt;3-5&lt;/span&gt;]. Both genetic and environmental factors influence the complex pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and its link to hypertension [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. The SUA level of &gt;7.0 mg/dL in males and &gt;6.0 mg/dL in females is defined as hyperuricemia [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Uric acid deposition-mediated endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury typically occur at SUA levels that exceed 6.5 mg/dL. However, this threshold is significantly higher than those reported in studies linking it to hypertension and cardiovascular disease [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. Moreover, uric acid is a metabolic end product that fluctuates due to modifiable (diet, medications, etc.) and non-modifiable (genetics, age, etc.) factors. Therefore, it is unreasonable to establish a causal relationship between SUA levels and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, based on a single SUA measurement. Although most studies used baseline single SUA levels, it is essential to consider the temporal trends of this fluctuating variable. Kuwabara et al. [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;] demonstrated that hyperuricemia in asymptomatic male and female subjects without cardiac and metabolic comorbidities is an independent risk factor for hypertension within 5 years. In another study, Salim et al. [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;] also reported a significant association between hyperuricemia and sex with incident hypertension using different BP cut-offs (≥140/90 and ≥130/80 mmHg). Although the confounding factors or comorbidities have been adjusted before linking the SUA levels or hyperuricemia with incident hypertension in all those studies, they do not prove a direct causal relationship. Thus, there is a debate about hyperuricemia as either a causati","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between the Drop Rate of Standing Blood Pressure and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events","authors":"Wenqin Cai,&nbsp;Yuexian Yao,&nbsp;Suli Zheng,&nbsp;Wanting Chen,&nbsp;Lingxin Bao,&nbsp;Jinzi Su,&nbsp;Li Luo,&nbsp;Liangdi Xie","doi":"10.1111/jch.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined as a decrease of ≥20 mm Hg systolic blood pressure (SBP) or ≥10 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure (DBP) within 3 min after standing. OH was associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and mortality. As an indicator reflecting the characteristics of orthostatic blood pressure (BP) changes, there is currently no research available on the relationship between the orthostatic BP drop rate and MACEs or mortality. A total of 448 hospitalized patients (mean age 62.07 ± 12.15 years, 35.49% female) completed the follow-up. The median follow-up duration was 5.09 years (0.29–6.13 years). Ninety-two patients (20.54%) developed OH, 12 patients died (2.68%), and 21 patients developed MACEs (4.69%), including 8 cases of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (MI), 3 cases of non-fatal stroke, and 10 cases died of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Patients were categorized into the BP_{drop_rate_high} group (defined as SBP drop rate <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>≥</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$ ge $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 15% and/or DBP drop rate <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>≥</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$ ge $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 5% within 3 min after standing) and the BP_{drop_rate_normal} group (defined as SBP drop rate <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$ &lt; $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 15% and DBP drop rate <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$ &lt; $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 5% within 3 min after standing). The Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the BP_{drop_rate_high} group had a higher risk of MACEs and mortality than the BP_{drop_rate_normal} group (all <i>p</i> <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$ &lt; $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.05). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated SBP drop rate <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>≥</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$ ge $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 15% and/or DBP drop rate <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>≥</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$ ge $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 5% within 3 min after standing has high diagnostic accuracy for OH, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.918.Cox regression analysis revealed that the cumulative survival rate of the BP_{drop_rate_normal} group was significantly higher ","PeriodicalId":50237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jch.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}