Indian journal of pathology & microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Suprasellar neuroblastoma in an adult: Challenges in neuropathological diagnosis.","authors":"Rajalakshmi Poyuran, Silvie Thomas, Bejoy Thomas, Prakash Nair, Deepti Narasimhaiah","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1040_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1040_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A case of a suprasellar neuroblastoma, differentiating subtype in a 23-year-old female is described here. Neuroblastomas are peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNTs), predominantly occurring in children and primary central nervous system (CNS) pNTs are rare. In the latest WHO classification of the CNS tumors, 'CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated' has replaced the term CNS neuroblastoma. CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated is defined by its specific molecular alteration and has been described to have a very suggestive immunohistochemical profile. However, the tumor described here did not show the typical morphological and immunohistochemical features of CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated. Owing to its location within the CNS, should this neoplasm be considered a CNS neuroblastoma or a pNT? The histopathological differentials of the tumor are discussed along with its comparison to CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"538-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothalamic hamartoma in a child with Pallister-Hall syndrome: Report of a rare lesion successfully managed with multidisciplinary approach.","authors":"Pallavi Prasad, Gauri Niranjan, Archana Kumari, Shreyash Rai, Kamlesh S Bhaisora","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1136_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1136_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are rare, benign malformations of the hypothalamus, often presenting with gelastic seizures, developmental delays, and endocrine abnormalities. These lesions can disrupt normal hypothalamic function, resulting in gelastic seizures, endocrine abnormalities, and neurocognitive or behavioral disturbances. HHs may be associated with syndromic conditions like Pallister-Hall syndrome. We report the case of a 2-year-old female with gelastic seizures, syndactyly, polydactyly, and urogenital anomalies, suggestive of Pallister-Hall syndrome. The electroencephalogram was normal, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a well-defined, mildly T2 hyperintense, T1 isointense, non-enhancing lesion in the suprasellar region. The patient underwent subtotal resection and disconnection of the hypothalamic mass, which was histopathologically confirmed as HH. Postoperatively, she developed transient diabetes insipidus (DI), followed by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), both of which resolved with appropriate management. This case underscores the importance of recognizing HH as a rare but distinct lesion with characteristic clinical and radiologic features. Early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and for preventing long-term neuroendocrine and behavioural complications. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for diagnosing and managing HH, especially when associated with syndromic features. This case adds to the existing literature by highlighting the surgical and endocrine management challenges in syndromic HH.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"554-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic significance of p16, p53, and PD-L1 expression in cervical lesions: A combined immunohistochemical, histopathological, and radiological correlation study.","authors":"Radhey Shyam Verma, Asmita Asmita, Vijayta Singh, Rinki Kumari, Anshuman Srivastava, Harsh Pandey","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1151_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1151_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Early diagnosis and accurate prognostication are essential for improving patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the immuno-histochemical expression of p16 INK4a, p53, and PD-L1 in cervical lesions and to correlate these markers with histopathological grading and radiological findings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study included 100 cervical biopsy specimens collected over 18 months. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis for p16 INK4a, p53, and PD-L1 were performed. Radiological assessments, including pelvic ultrasound and MRI, were co-related with histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>p16 INK4a expression was significantly elevated in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive carcinoma ( P < 0.001), supporting its diagnostic role. p53 overexpression showed a significant association with increasing histological severity ( P = 0.003), particularly in HPV-independent lesions. PD-L1 expression was markedly increased in invasive carcinomas and correlated significantly with radiologically detected lymphadenopathy ( P = 0.007). MRI findings were consistent with immunohistochemical profiles in determining tumor aggressiveness and potential immune evasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined assessment of p16 (INK4a), p53, and PD-L1 enhances diagnostic and prognostic stratification of cervical lesions. Integration of radiological imaging further improves diagnostic accuracy and may assist in treatment planning. This multimodal approach is cost-effective and particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"413-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated renal involvement in IgG4related disease presenting with dual ANCA positivity.","authors":"Pallavi Prasad, Vinita Agrawal, Jeyakumar Meyappan, Kritika Gupta, Narayan Prasad, Ravi Shankar Kushwaha","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_666_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_666_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare fibroinflammatory disorder that can affect almost any organ and is characterized by a lymphoplasmacytoid infiltrate, obliterative phlebitis, and storiform fibrosis. It is often associated with eosinophilia and elevated serum IgG4 levels. Isolated renal involvement is relatively uncommon. Several other conditions may mimic IgG4-RD clinically and radiologically, for example antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, lupus nephritis, lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), Sjogren syndrome-associated tubulointerstitial nephritis, and sarcoidosis. We present a case of 55-year male who presented with complaints of bilateral lower limb swelling and frothing of urine. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated serum creatinine, subnephrotic proteinuria, and bland sediments. ANCA were elevated. Renal biopsy showed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, with storiform fibrosis and raised IgG4-positive plasma cells, fulfilling the criteria for IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis. Later serum IgG and IgG4 levels also came out also elevated. However, the presence of ANCA was a confounding factor in the present case. The patient was initiated on steroid therapy. Patients with biopsy-proven IgG4-RD may have positive ANCA with specificity for myeloperoxidase or proteinase-3, with or without an overt ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Thus, the presence of concurrent ANCA autoantibodies has no clinical implication unless accompanied by clinical and histological features of AAV.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"568-571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When lymphoma masquerades as carcinoma: A rare case of primary nasopharyngeal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with aberrant p63 expression.","authors":"Iffat Rasool, Satyadev Rana, Anupama Sahu, Jayati Chakraborty","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_610_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_610_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Primary nasopharyngeal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an uncommon extra nodal lymphoma that may closely mimic nasopharyngeal carcinoma on clinical presentation, imaging, and histomorphology. Aberrant expression of epithelial markers, particularly p63, poses significant diagnostic challenges. 43-year-old man presented with recurrent cold-like symptoms, progressive nasal obstruction, aural fullness, and dysphagia for 8 to 9 months. Clinical examination revealed a nasopharyngeal mass without peripheral lymphadenopathy, and PET-CT showed a metabolically active posterior nasopharyngeal mass measuring approximately 4.5 x 3.8 x 4.9 cm, initially favouring carcinoma. Histopathology of biopsy from the mass demonstrated sheets, clusters, and cords of large atypical cells with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, vesicular chromatin, prominent nucleoli, frequent mitoses, and focal necrosis, creating a strong impression of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry established the correct diagnosis: the tumour cells were positive for CD45, CD20, BCL2, BCL6, MUM1, with high Ki- 67 and aberrantly p63, while negative for CD10, pan-cytokeratin, CK5/6, S100, synaptophysin, and chromogranin. The CD10-negative, BCL6-positive, MUM1-positive profile supported activated B-cell-like DLBCL by the Hans algorithm. This case highlights the importance of a broad immunohistochemical panel in small nasopharyngeal biopsies and demonstrates how aberrant p63 expression can complicate distinction from epithelial malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"564-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histoplasma colonization of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells in a case of adrenal histoplasmosis involved by metastatic eosinophilic solid cystic RCC with rhabdoid differentiation.","authors":"Sarbashis Hota, Srabani Chakrabarti","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_19_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_19_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A 58-year-old male presented with frank hematuria for three months and underwent radical nephrectomy outside, as a renal mass was detected on ultrasound involving the lower pole of the left kidney. The case was diagnosed as eosinophilic solid cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), WHO grade 4, with ipsilateral adrenal metastasis, but the adrenal gland additionally showed the presence of coexisting histoplasmosis. Interestingly, histoplasma colonization was found within metastatic RCC cells, which is hitherto unreported in existing literature. Rhabdoid differentiation of this tumor, a novel entity recently introduced in recent WHO classification, is again very unusual; there is a chance that the fungal organisms may have played a role in this phenomenon. The patient is currently under close follow-up after completing a systemic antifungal regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"561-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-L1 Expression in muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma: correlation with tumor-stroma ratio and clinicopathological parameters.","authors":"Anubhuti Chaturvedi, Irfana Nisam, Varuna Mallya, Shramana Mandal, Chandra Bhushan Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_16_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_16_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) is an aggressive malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality. The recent incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has increased interest in immunohistochemical biomarkers. Tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) has also emerged as a potential prognostic marker reflecting the tumor microenvironment. This study evaluated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and TSR in MIBC and analyzed their association with clinicopathological parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 58 cases of biopsy-proven MIBC (pT2 and above) diagnosed over an 8-year period. Histopathological evaluation was performed according to WHO 2022 and AJCC 8 th edition criteria. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was carried out using a rabbit monoclonal antibody and interpreted using the combined positive score (CPS), with CPS ≥ 10 considered positive. TSR was assessed histologically using a 50% cutoff. Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with P < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort demonstrated a male predominance (86.2%) with a mean age of 58.4 ± 10.2 years. PD-L1 expression was observed in 44.8% of cases and showed a significant association with higher WHO/ISUP tumor grade ( P = 0.01), but not with age, gender, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node status, or TSR. TSR showed a statistically significant association with pathological T stage ( P = 0.04), with higher stromal content seen in advanced tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PD-L1 expression in MIBC correlates with higher tumor grade, whereas tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) is associated with advanced pathological T stage. These findings support the potential role of tumor microenvironment-based markers in pathological stratification of MIBC and warrant further prospective validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"425-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological spectrum in snakebite nephropathy - Case series.","authors":"Priya Garg, K K Kiran, K B Shashikiran, S Himamani, K Vani","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_189_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_189_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>India being a tropical country, snakebite is one of the community health challenges causing significant morbidity and mortality. The kidney, a highly vascular organ, is prone to venom toxicity. Though renal involvement in snakebite varies widely, acute renal failure is quite frequent and life-threatening. We present findings in biopsies of three patients with acute renal failure following snakebite, biopsied at different intervals. All our patients were females presenting with acute renal failure following snakebite. Our first patient, in whom renal biopsy was performed at presentation, showed widespread acute tubular injury with pigment casts in the tubular lumen. She recovered completely. The second and third patients had their renal biopsies performed at 4 weeks post snakebite. One of them showed glomerular capillaritis, patchy tubular epithelial injury with epithelial regeneration, initiation of tubular atrophy, fine fibrosis in the interstitium, severe acute on chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and pigment casts within the tubular lumen. With steroids, she recovered completely. The third patient had patchy cortical necrosis with moderate acute on chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. She did not respond to corticosteroid therapy and remained dialysis-dependent. Injury and regeneration of tubular epithelial cells are common findings in the biopsies with acute renal failure following snakebite. Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) seems to be more common, and its identification is essential due to its reversible nature. Glomerular involvement is often overlooked as that of the tubulointerstitium may overturn the rest. Multiple factors may be contributory to acute renal failure in snake bite and the significance of early biopsy following the incident cannot be overemphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"557-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant solitary fibrous tumour of the prostate with a concomitant prostatic adenocarcinoma - A case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Venkatesh Dhanasekaran, Luca Cima","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_992_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_992_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the prostate is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm, and simultaneous occurrence with prostatic adenocarcinoma is rarely reported. We present the case of a 72-year-old man who presented with hematuria and persistent lower urinary tract symptoms despite medical treatment. Imaging revealed an enlarged prostate for which transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Histopathological examination showed two distinct lesions: a malignant spindle cell neoplasm arranged in fascicles with hypercellularity, moderate to severe atypia, and increased mitotic activity; and a separate glandular lesion consistent with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. On Immunohistochemistry, spindle cells demonstrated diffuse positivity for CD34, Bcl-2, and STAT6, with negativity for pancytokeratin, CK8/18, EMA, TLE-1, desmin, H-caldesmon, and CD117, which supports the diagnosis of SFT. The adenocarcinoma component had a Gleason score of 3+3. The tumour extended to the resection margins and demonstrated metastatic spread to bilateral external iliac and left cloquet lymph nodes, indicating aggressive behavior. The patient subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy with locoregional lymph node dissection. On follow-up imaging, enlarged lymph nodes and a mesenteric mass suspicious for metastasis were noted, though the patient remained clinically stable. This patient's biopsy highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by spindle cell lesions of the prostate and the importance of correlating morphology with immunohistochemistry and imaging. Awareness of this rare entity, along with careful exclusion of sarcomatoid carcinoma and other spindle cell neoplasms, is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"572-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the diagnostic spectrum and challenges of rare sinonasal tumors: Lessons from a tertiary centre.","authors":"Salwa Bano","doi":"10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1118_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1118_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sinonasal tract harbors a histopathologically diverse and uncommon group of neoplasms that pose significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping morphological features and nonspecific clinical presentations.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the clinicopathological and histopathological spectrum of rare sinonasal tumors seen at a tertiary care centre, with a specific focus on diagnostic pitfalls and the systematic approach necessary for accurate classification.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A retrospective, descriptive clinicopathological case series conducted at a high-volume tertiary care referral centre in London.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All sinonasal tumor biopsies accessioned over one calendar year (November 2024 to October 2025) were reviewed. Non-malignant lesions and inverted papillomas were excluded. Thirty-two tumors, including rare lesions like sinonasal melanomas, angiosarcoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, sinonasal glomangiopericytoma (SNGP), adenoid cystic carcinoma, and rare subtypes of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), were analyzed. Two unclassifiable neoplasms, despite extensive ancillary testing, were also included.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize demographic, clinical, and pathological parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These cases exemplified major diagnostic dilemmas, particularly in differentiating small round blue cell, spindle cell, and salivary gland-type tumors. A systematic, tiered immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach was instrumental in establishing definitive diagnoses in most cases. However, two tumors remained unclassifiable even after comprehensive IHC and molecular analysis, emphasizing the limitations of current diagnostic tools.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rare sinonasal tumors remain a formidable diagnostic challenge due to their rarity and morphological overlap. Accurate diagnosis necessitates clinicopathological correlation, judicious use of IHC panels, and awareness of rare entities to prevent misclassification and ensure optimal patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":502106,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of pathology & microbiology","volume":"69 3","pages":"472-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149303825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}