Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita最新文献_第4页

AI will not give us precision medicine. 人工智能不会给我们带来精准医疗。

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_03

Lorenzo Farina

{"title":"AI will not give us precision medicine.","authors":"Lorenzo Farina","doi":"10.4415/ANN_24_01_03","DOIUrl":"10.4415/ANN_24_01_03","url":null,"abstract":"The completion of human DNA sequencing in the early 2000s initially generated widespread excitement and hope that it would revolutionize medicine. Over time, however, it revealed major limitations due to a lack of understanding of the highly complex genotype-phenotype pathway. Precision medicine has emerged as a response to these biotechnological innovations, tailoring treatments based on an array of new molecular and clinical \"omics\" data. However, the large volume and heterogeneity of data available today requires the use of dedicated and highly efficient computational analyses. Widely used today are artificial intelligence techniques (such as machine learning) based on artificial neural networks, i.e., a mathematical model of how biological neurons work. Here, we show that artificial neural networks have nothing to do with biology, although their popularity is largely due to their alleged ability to simulate the human brain. Furthermore, we argue that the analysis of large molecular datasets cannot be left to the computational side alone, i.e., to be exclusively data-driven, but on the contrary must meet the challenge of integrating data and expertise, of getting clinicians and data analysts to work together to take into account the absolute and ineradicable uniqueness of each patient's characteristics.","PeriodicalId":502090,"journal":{"name":"Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita","volume":"60 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From COVID-19 to a "new normal": could we support a "healthy renaissance" for our cities? 从 COVID-19 到 "新常态"：我们能否支持城市的 "健康复兴"？

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_10

Laura Mancini, Ornella Punzo, Silvio Brusaferro

引用次数: 0

Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on weight gain and physical activity: a prospective cohort study from Italy. COVID-19 大流行对体重增加和体育锻炼的影响：意大利前瞻性队列研究。

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_06

Chiara Stival, Alessandra Lugo, Giulia Carreras, Anna Odone, Piet A van den Brandt, Giuseppe Gorini, Sabrina Molinaro, Sonia Cerrai, Roberta Pacifici, Silvano Gallus

{"title":"Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on weight gain and physical activity: a prospective cohort study from Italy.","authors":"Chiara Stival, Alessandra Lugo, Giulia Carreras, Anna Odone, Piet A van den Brandt, Giuseppe Gorini, Sabrina Molinaro, Sonia Cerrai, Roberta Pacifici, Silvano Gallus","doi":"10.4415/ANN_24_01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_24_01_06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is crucial to monitor changes in body weight and physical activity (PA) to understand if short-term effects of COVID-19 pandemic have had implications over time.Methods: This longitudinal study is based on data from 4,831 Italians aged 18-74 years interviewed during the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020) and two years later (February-March 2022). Changes in body weight and PA were assessed through multivariable analyses in association with socio-demographic and psychological characteristics.Results: Over the two years, 17.4% reported a weight gain of at least 5 kg and 32.8% a decreased PA by at least 4 hours per week. Weight gain and decreased PA were more frequent in participants from the less wealthy areas, with lower educational level and those who reported a worsening in mental health.Conclusions: After two years from the start of the pandemic, in Italy we observed a trend toward a renormalization of body weight and PA. The segments of the population mostly affected by the pandemic are subjects with more disadvantaged socio-economic status and with an impaired mental health.","PeriodicalId":502090,"journal":{"name":"Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita","volume":"60 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening for antenatal maternal depression: comparative performance of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. 产前产妇抑郁症筛查：爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和患者健康问卷-9 的比较结果。

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_08

Alberto Stefana, Loredana Cena, Alice Trainini, Gabriella Palumbo, Antonella Gigantesco, Fiorino Mirabella

{"title":"Screening for antenatal maternal depression: comparative performance of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.","authors":"Alberto Stefana, Loredana Cena, Alice Trainini, Gabriella Palumbo, Antonella Gigantesco, Fiorino Mirabella","doi":"10.4415/ANN_24_01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_24_01_08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal antenatal depression affects 21-28% of expectants globally and negatively impacts both maternal and child health in the short and long term.Objective: To compare the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in pregnant individuals.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 953 third-trimester pregnant Italian individuals completed both the EPDS and the PHQ-9.Results: Both scales demonstrated good internal consistency (EPDS ω=0.83, PHQ-9 ω=0.80) and a moderate correlation between their scores (r=0.59). Concordance at recommended cut-off points (≥14 for both) was moderate (k=0.55). Factor analyses indicated a bifactor solution for the EPDS (dimensions: \"depression\" and \"anxiety\") and for the PHQ-9 (dimensions: \"depression\", \"pregnancy symptoms\", \"somatic\"). Benchmarks for clinical change were also established.Conclusions: The EPDS and PHQ-9 capture distinct aspects of perinatal depressive symptomatology. Clinically, these findings recommend using both scales in obstetric and gynaecologic settings to minimize false positives and negatives.","PeriodicalId":502090,"journal":{"name":"Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita","volume":"60 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Checklist (PASC-C): a screening tool for Long COVID physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms. COVID-19 急性后遗症核对表（PASC-C）：COVID 长期生理、心理和认知症状筛查工具。

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_07

Daniela Mancini, Marina Maffoni, Valeria Torlaschi, Alessandra Gorini, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Cira Fundarò, Francesco Fanfulla, Maurizio Bussotti, Sergio Masnaghetti, Antonia Pierobon

{"title":"Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Checklist (PASC-C): a screening tool for Long COVID physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms.","authors":"Daniela Mancini, Marina Maffoni, Valeria Torlaschi, Alessandra Gorini, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Cira Fundarò, Francesco Fanfulla, Maurizio Bussotti, Sergio Masnaghetti, Antonia Pierobon","doi":"10.4415/ANN_24_01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_24_01_07","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of Long COVID symptoms is necessary. This study proposes a screening tool for psycho-physical COVID-19 sequelae. Patients' experiences after COVID-19 are also described.Method: 84 COVID-19 patients (66.2±11.0 years old; 71.4% male) underwent a phone interview 1-2 years after the disease using the ad-hoc \"Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Checklist (PASC-C)\". It explores 30 physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms clustered into 10 areas, with possible clinical recommendations in case of high severity scores (>50) of a symptom or the presence of two or more ones within the same area.Results: Overall, fatigue (69%), dyspnea (52.4%), memory disturbances (44%), joint-muscle pain (41.7%), vision/hearing loss (40.5%), anxiety (40.5%) persist one-two years after COVID-19 disease. Being a survivor was primarily defined in terms of being \"lucky\".Conclusions: PASC-C seems promising in monitoring psycho-physical sequelae of Long COVID and providing tailored suggestions to care for the patient over time.","PeriodicalId":502090,"journal":{"name":"Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita","volume":"60 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploitation of immunological approaches for the quality testing of human vaccines to phase out the use of animals. Editorial. 利用免疫学方法对人类疫苗进行质量检测，以逐步淘汰对动物的使用。编辑

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_01

Marilena P Etna, Enrico Alleva, Eliana M Coccia

引用次数: 0

Stability/Flexibility: the tightly coupled homeostasis generator is at the same time the driver of change. 稳定性/灵活性：紧密耦合的稳态生成器同时也是变化的驱动力。

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_11

Alessandro Giuliani, Alessandro Vici

引用次数: 0

Smoking cessation in the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): narrative review and recommendations. 慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）治疗中的戒烟：综述与建议。

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_04

Rosastella Principe, Vincenzo Zagà, Paola Martucci, Loreta Di Michele, Carlo Barbetta, Antonella Serafini, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Claudia Giacomozzi

{"title":"Smoking cessation in the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): narrative review and recommendations.","authors":"Rosastella Principe, Vincenzo Zagà, Paola Martucci, Loreta Di Michele, Carlo Barbetta, Antonella Serafini, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Claudia Giacomozzi","doi":"10.4415/ANN_24_01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_24_01_04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The percentage of smokers who develop COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) peaks at 40-50% in most recent publications.Summary: Tobacco smoke remains the main cause of COPD, though smoking-related limitation of the flow is rather subjective. For patients who keep on smoking, general practitioners (GPs) and pulmonologists should be able to offer smoking cessation programs as an important part of COPD treatment. This narrative article aims to provide the scientific basis to help healthcare professionals develop this therapy; with this aim in mind, the authors have analyzed the most recent literature.Key messages: Only 3% of smokers who try to quit without availing themselves of any support succeed. Effective smoking cessation methods are counselling and pharmacotherapy, which, combined together, are credited with a 24% success rate. Although there are no therapeutic novelties with strong scientific evidence for smoking cessation, it is however advisable to keep the literature updated to new devices and new digital therapies.","PeriodicalId":502090,"journal":{"name":"Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita","volume":"60 1","pages":"14-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to conduct research in palliative care? A perspective from Italy. 如何开展姑息关怀研究？来自意大利的视角。

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_24_01_09

Camilla Cocchi, Maria Beatrice Zazzara, Rosa Liperoti, Raffaella Antonione, Sabrina Dispenza, Gino Gobber, Eleonora Meloni, Italo Penco, Maria Adelaide Ricciotti, Graziano Onder

{"title":"How to conduct research in palliative care? A perspective from Italy.","authors":"Camilla Cocchi, Maria Beatrice Zazzara, Rosa Liperoti, Raffaella Antonione, Sabrina Dispenza, Gino Gobber, Eleonora Meloni, Italo Penco, Maria Adelaide Ricciotti, Graziano Onder","doi":"10.4415/ANN_24_01_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_24_01_09","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In western countries, the increasing life expectancy and the growing number of individuals with advanced chronic conditions have resulted in a greater demand for palliative care. Specifically, Italy has witnessed substantial growth in the palliative care field, marked by the establishment of Palliative Care Networks and an academic fellowship program in 2022. To further enhance this field, it is crucial to conduct high-quality scientific research that produces results applicable in clinical practice.Aim: This article explores challenges and potential solutions in conducting effective palliative care research, considering sample definition, research settings, outcomes, and ethical concerns. While focusing on the Italian context, the presented research framework can be applied to other contexts and regions.Results: Palliative care research is complex and challenging due to its holistic approach, which encompasses various vital dimensions of patients and their families, including physical, emotional, and social needs. The Italian and worldwide experience provides insights into managing these challenges and enhancing the methodological rigor of studies and the practical application of research findings.Conclusions: This article emphasizes the importance of developing protocols tailored to palliative care's unique characteristics, and the necessity of dedicated funding for palliative care research, calling for increased support and recognition. The article advocates for improvement of the quality and relevance of palliative care studies, promoting better patient outcomes and enhanced caregiving.","PeriodicalId":502090,"journal":{"name":"Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita","volume":"60 1","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0