Journal of Evolutionary Biology最新文献_第10页

Experimental evolution reveals that males evolving within warmer thermal regimes improve reproductive performance under heatwave conditions in a model insect. 实验进化揭示，在一种模式昆虫中，在较温暖的热环境中进化的雄性个体在热浪条件下的繁殖性能会提高。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae116

Kris Sales, M J G Gage, R Vasudeva

{"title":"Experimental evolution reveals that males evolving within warmer thermal regimes improve reproductive performance under heatwave conditions in a model insect.","authors":"Kris Sales, M J G Gage, R Vasudeva","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae116","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae116","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is increasing mean temperatures, and intensifying heatwaves. Natural populations may respond to stress through shorter-term acclimation via plasticity and/or longer-term inter-generational evolution. However, if the pace and/or extent of thermal change is too great, local extinctions occur; one potential cause in ectotherms is identified to be the heat-liability of male reproductive biology. Recent data from several species, including the beetle Tribolium castaneum, confirmed that male reproductive biology is vulnerable to heatwaves, which may constrain populations. However, such reproductive-damage may be overestimated, if there is potential to adapt to elevated mean temperatures associated with climate change via evolution and/or acclimation. Here, we tested this to evaluate whether pre-exposures could improve heatwave tolerance (adaptation or acclimation), by experimentally evolving Tribolium castaneum populations to divergent thermal regimes (30 °C vs. 38 °C). Findings across assays revealed that relative to 30 °C-regime males, males from the 38 °C regime, maintained constantly at 8 °C warmer for 25 generations, displayed an increase; (i) in post heatwave (42 °C) reproductive fitness by 55%, (ii) survival by 33%, and (iii) 32% larger testes volumes. Unexpectedly, in the acclimation assay, warm-adapted males' post-heatwave survival and reproduction were best if they experienced cool developmental acclimation beforehand, suggesting a cost to adapting to 38 °C. These results help progress knowledge of the potential for survival and reproduction to adapt to climate change; trait specific adaptation to divergent thermal regimes can occur over relatively few generations, but this capacity depended on the interaction of evolutionary and thermal acclimatory processes.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1329-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antler size in red deer: declining selection and increasing genetic variance with age, but little senescence. 红鹿的鹿角大小：随着年龄的增长，选择减少，遗传变异增加，但衰老程度很小。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae112

Elizabeth A Mittell, Priyam Mandaliya, Josephine M Pemberton, Alison Morris, Sean Morris, Susan E Johnston, Loeske E B Kruuk

{"title":"Antler size in red deer: declining selection and increasing genetic variance with age, but little senescence.","authors":"Elizabeth A Mittell, Priyam Mandaliya, Josephine M Pemberton, Alison Morris, Sean Morris, Susan E Johnston, Loeske E B Kruuk","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae112","url":null,"abstract":"While senescence is a common occurrence in wild populations, not all traits decline with age simultaneously and some do not show any senescence. A lack of senescence in secondary sexual traits is thought to be due to their importance for reproductive success. However, if reproductive success senesces, why would secondary sexual traits apparently not senesce? Here, we explored this question in a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) using antler form (number of points), a secondary sexual trait which shows little senescence, despite the occurrence of reproductive senescence. In line with expectations for traits that senesce, genetic variance in antler form increased with age and selection weakened with age. Therefore, there was no indication that a stronger selection on individuals that survived to older ages was countering the dilution of selection due to fewer individuals being alive. Furthermore, the effect of selective disappearance masking a slight decline in antler form in the oldest years was small. Interestingly, although genetic variance and positive selection of antler form were found, there was no evidence of a response to selection, supporting a genetic decoupling of antler senescence and reproductive senescence. Finally, a positive genetic covariance in antler form among age classes provides a possible explanation for the lack of senescence. These findings suggest that the antler form is under a genetic constraint that prevents it from senescing, providing an interesting evolutionary explanation for negligible senescence in a secondary sexual trait, and consequently, the existence of asynchrony in senescence among traits within populations.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1288-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The joint evolution of separate sexes and sexual dimorphism. 两性分离和性二态的共同进化。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae136

Thomas Lesaffre, John R Pannell, Charles Mullon

{"title":"The joint evolution of separate sexes and sexual dimorphism.","authors":"Thomas Lesaffre, John R Pannell, Charles Mullon","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voae136","url":null,"abstract":"Dioecious plants are frequently sexually dimorphic. Such dimorphism, which reflects responses to selection acting in opposite directions for male and female components of fitness, is commonly thought to emerge after separate sexes evolved from hermaphroditism. But associations between allocation to male and female function and traits under sexual conflict may well also develop in hermaphroditic ancestors. Here, we show that variation in sex allocation and a trait under sexual conflict inevitably generates an advantage to sexual specialisation, fueling the transition to dioecy. In the absence of constraints, this leads to the joint evolution of separate sexes and sexual dimorphism through the build-up of an association between sex allocation and the conflict trait, such that eventually the population consists of unisexuals expressing their sex-specific optima. We then investigate how such association might materialise genetically, either via recombination suppression or via sex-dependent expression, and show that the genetic architecture of sex alloca- tion and the conflict trait readily evolves to produce the association favoured by selection. Finally and in agreement with previous theory, we demonstrate that limited dispersal and self-fertilisation, which are pervasive ecological char- acteristics of flowering plants, can offset the advantage of sexual specialisation generated by sexual conflict and thus maintain hermaphroditism. Taken together, our results indicate that advantages to sexual specialisation are inevitable when there is conflict between sexual functions in hermaphrodites, but these advantages can be counterbalanced by ecological benefits of hermaphroditism.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The improbability of detecting trade-offs and some practical solutions. 发现权衡的不可能性和一些切实可行的解决方案。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae096

Marc T J Johnson, Zain Nassrullah

{"title":"The improbability of detecting trade-offs and some practical solutions.","authors":"Marc T J Johnson, Zain Nassrullah","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae096","url":null,"abstract":"Trade-offs are a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology because they are thought to explain much of nature's biological diversity, from variation in life-histories to differences in metabolism. Despite the predicted importance of trade-offs, they are notoriously difficult to detect. Here we contribute to the existing rich theoretical literature on trade-offs by examining how the shape of the distribution of resources or metabolites acquired in an allocation pathway influences the strength of trade-offs between traits. We further explore how variation in resource distribution interacts with two aspects of pathway complexity (i.e., the number of branches and hierarchical structure) affects tradeoffs. We simulate variation in the shape of the distribution of a resource by sampling 106 individuals from a beta distribution with varying parameters to alter the resource shape. In a simple \"Y-model\" allocation of resources to two traits, any variation in a resource leads to slopes less than -1, with left skewed and symmetrical distributions leading to negative relationships between traits, and highly right skewed distributions associated with positive relationships between traits. Adding more branches further weakens negative and positive relationships between traits, and the hierarchical structure of pathways typically weakens relationships between traits, although in some contexts hierarchical complexity can strengthen positive relationships between traits. Our results further illuminate how variation in the acquisition and allocation of resources, and particularly the shape of a resource distribution and how it interacts with pathway complexity, makes its challenging to detect trade-offs. We offer several practical suggestions on how to detect trade-offs given these challenges.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1205-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taylor's famous result. 泰勒的著名成果

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae110

Callum Ferrando

引用次数: 0

Evolution of the division of labour between templates and catalysts in spatial replicator models. 空间复制器模型中模板和催化剂分工的演变。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae098

Yao Fu, Nobuto Takeuchi

{"title":"Evolution of the division of labour between templates and catalysts in spatial replicator models.","authors":"Yao Fu, Nobuto Takeuchi","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae098","url":null,"abstract":"The central dogma of molecular biology can be conceptualised as the division of labour between templates and catalysts, where templates transmit genetic information, catalysts accelerate chemical reactions, and the information flows from templates to catalysts but not from catalysts to templates. How can template-catalyst division evolve in primordial replicating systems? A previous study has shown that even if the template-catalyst division does not provide an immediate fitness benefit, it can evolve through symmetry breaking between replicating molecules when the molecules are compartmentalised into protocells. However, cellular compartmentalisation may have been absent in primordial replicating systems. Here, we investigate whether cellular compartmentalisation is necessary for the evolution of the template-catalyst division via symmetry breaking using an individual-based model of replicators in a two-dimensional space. Our results show that replicators evolve the template-catalyst division via symmetry breaking when their diffusion constant is sufficiently high, a condition that results in low genetic relatedness between replicators. The evolution of the template-catalyst division reduces the risk of invasion by \"cheaters,\" replicators that have no catalytic activities, encode no catalysts, but replicate to the detriment of local population growth. Our results suggest that the evolution of the template-catalyst division via symmetry breaking does not require cellular compartmentalization and is, instead, a general phenomenon in replicators with structured populations.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1158-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial sorting caused by downstream dispersal: implication for morphological evolution in isolated populations of fat minnow inhabiting small streams flowing through terraced rice paddies. 下游扩散引起的空间分选：对栖息在流经梯田的小溪中的肥鲦孤立种群形态进化的影响。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae105

Hiroyuki Yamada

{"title":"Spatial sorting caused by downstream dispersal: implication for morphological evolution in isolated populations of fat minnow inhabiting small streams flowing through terraced rice paddies.","authors":"Hiroyuki Yamada","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae105","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary forces arising from differential dispersal are known as \"spatial sorting,\" distinguishing them from natural selection arising from differential survival or differential reproductive success. Spatial sorting is often considered to be transient because it is offset by the return of dispersers in many cases. However, in riverine systems, spatial sorting by downstream dispersal can be cumulative in habitats upstream of migration barriers such as weirs or falls, which can block the return of the dispersers. Terraced rice paddies are often found on steep mountain slopes in Japan and often incorporate small streams with numerous migration barriers. This study investigated the morphological features of fat minnow, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus jouyi (Cyprinidae), inhabiting above-barrier habitats of the small streams flowing through flood-prone terraced rice paddies and examined their function via a mark-recapture experiment. Although this study did not reveal a consistent pattern across all local populations, some above-barrier populations were characterized by individuals with a thinner caudal peduncle, thinner body, and longer ventral caudal fin lobes than those in neighbouring mainstream populations. A mark-recapture experiment during minor flooding showed that a thinner caudal peduncle and deeper body helped fat minnow avoid downstream dispersal and ascend a small step, and suggested that a longer ventral caudal fin lobe was important for ascending. These results suggest that the caudal morphologies of some above-barrier populations avoid or reduce the risk of downstream dispersal, supporting the idea that spatial sorting shapes functional traits, enhancing the spatial persistence of individuals in upstream habitats.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1194-1204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between neutral genetic diversity and performance in wild arthropod populations. 野生节肢动物种群的中性遗传多样性与表现之间的关系。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae099

Tammy Ai Tian Ho, Philip A Downing, Mads F Schou, Jesper Bechsgaard, Philip Francis Thomsen, Tove H Jorgensen, Trine Bilde

{"title":"The relationship between neutral genetic diversity and performance in wild arthropod populations.","authors":"Tammy Ai Tian Ho, Philip A Downing, Mads F Schou, Jesper Bechsgaard, Philip Francis Thomsen, Tove H Jorgensen, Trine Bilde","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae099","url":null,"abstract":"Larger effective populations (Ne) are characterized by higher genetic diversity, which is expected to predict population performance (average individual performance that influences fitness). Empirical studies of the relationship between neutral diversity and performance mostly represent species with small Ne, while there is limited data from the species-rich and ecologically important arthropods that are assumed to have large Ne but are threatened by massive declines. We performed a systematic literature search and used meta-analytical models to test the prediction of a positive association between neutral genetic diversity and performance in wild arthropods. From 14 relevant studies of 286 populations, we detected a weak (r = 0.15) but nonsignificant positive association both in the full data set (121 effect sizes) and a reduced data set accounting for dependency (14 effect sizes). Theory predicts that traits closely associated with fitness show a relatively stronger correlation with neutral diversity; this relationship was upheld for longevity and marginally for reproduction. Our analyses point to major knowledge gaps in our understanding of relationships between neutral diversity and performance. Future studies using genome-wide data sets across populations could guide more powerful designs to evaluate relationships between adaptive, deleterious and neutral diversity and performance.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1170-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two sides of the same coin? Transient hybridization in refugia and rapid postglacial ecological divergence ensure the evolutionary persistence of sister Nothofagus. 一枚硬币的两面？避难所中的短暂杂交和冰川期后的快速生态分化确保了姊妹树Nothofagus的进化持续性。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae100

Andrea C Premoli, Paula Mathiasen, María C Acosta, Robert D McCulloch

{"title":"Two sides of the same coin? Transient hybridization in refugia and rapid postglacial ecological divergence ensure the evolutionary persistence of sister Nothofagus.","authors":"Andrea C Premoli, Paula Mathiasen, María C Acosta, Robert D McCulloch","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae100","url":null,"abstract":"Glacial periods have been considered as inhospitable environments that consist of treeless vegetation at higher latitudes. The fossil record suggests many species survived the Last Glacial Maximum within refugia, usually at lower latitudes. However, phylogeographic studies have given support to the existence of previously unknown high-latitude refugia that were not detected in the fossil record. Here, we test the hypothesis that cold-tolerant trees of Patagonia survived cold periods in microclimatically favourable locales where hybridization occurred between sister taxa. To study local presence through glacial periods in multiple refugia, we used pollen records and genetic information (isozymes, microsatellites, and combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences) of population pairs of Nothofagus antarctica and N. pumilio that belong to the ancient subgenus Nothofagus which can potentially hybridize in nature, along their entire latitudinal range in Patagonia. Studied species share the N. dombeyi type pollen, which was abundant at >20% in the northernmost latitudinal bands (35-43°S), even during the Last Glacial Maximum. Mid- and southern latitudinal records (44-55°S) yielded lower abundances of ~10% that increased after c. 15.0 cal. ka BP. Therefore, fossil pollen evidence suggests a long-lasting local presence of Nothofagus throughout glacial-interglacial cycles but mostly as small populations between 44°S and 51°S. We found species-specific and shared genetic variants, the latter of which attained relatively high frequencies, thus providing evidence of ancestral polymorphisms. Populations of each species were similarly diverse, suggesting survival throughout the latitudinal range. Estimates of coalescent divergence times were broadly synchronous across latitudes, suggesting that regional climates similarly affected populations and species that hybridized through climate cycles, fostering local persistence.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1181-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socially plastic responses in females are robust to evolutionary manipulations of adult sex ratio and adult nutrition. 雌性的社会可塑性反应对成年性别比和成年营养的进化操纵非常稳健。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Journal of Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae102

Nathan McConnell, Wilfried Haerty, Matthew J G Gage, Tracey Chapman

{"title":"Socially plastic responses in females are robust to evolutionary manipulations of adult sex ratio and adult nutrition.","authors":"Nathan McConnell, Wilfried Haerty, Matthew J G Gage, Tracey Chapman","doi":"10.1093/jeb/voae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jeb/voae102","url":null,"abstract":"Socially plastic behaviours are widespread among animals and can have a significant impact on fitness. Here, we investigated whether the socially plastic responses of female Drosophila melanogaster can evolve in predictable ways following long-term manipulation of adult sex ratio and adult nutrient availability. Previous reports show that female D. melanogaster respond plastically to their same-sex social environment and lay significantly fewer eggs after mating when previously exposed to other females. In this study, we tested 2 hypotheses, using females drawn from lines with an evolutionary history of exposure to variation in adult sex ratio (male-biased, female-biased or equal sex ratio) and adult nutritional environment (high or low quality). The first was that a history of elevated competition in female-biased regimes would select for increased plastic fecundity responses in comparison to females from other lines. The second was that these responses would also be magnified under poor nutritional resource regimes. Neither hypothesis was supported. Instead, we found that plastic fecundity responses were retained in females from all lines and did not differ significantly across any of them. The lack of differences does not appear to be due to insufficient selection, as we did observe significant evolutionary responses in virgin egg-laying patterns according to sex ratio and nutritional regime. The lack of variation in the magnitude of predicted plasticity is consistent with the idea that the costs of maintaining plasticity are low, benefits high, and that plasticity itself can be relatively hard wired.","PeriodicalId":50198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1215-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0