Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance最新文献_第2页

Quantifying the relationship between search efficiency and perceptual similarity in color space across different efficient search tasks. 量化不同高效搜索任务中搜索效率与色彩空间感知相似性之间的关系。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001327

Alejandro Lleras, Zoe Jing Xu, Howard Jia He Tan, Yujie Shao, Simona Buetti

{"title":"Quantifying the relationship between search efficiency and perceptual similarity in color space across different efficient search tasks.","authors":"Alejandro Lleras, Zoe Jing Xu, Howard Jia He Tan, Yujie Shao, Simona Buetti","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001327","url":null,"abstract":"When looking for a specific object in the environment, the visual system guides attention toward objects in the scene that contain features that are similar to those of the object in mind, also known as the target template. However, the precise relation between search performance and perceptual similarity (between objects in the scene and the target template) has not been properly characterized. Recently, target-contrast signal theory proposed an explicit relationship linking search performance to the concept of top-down \"target-distractor contrast,\" with contrast being a measure of the amount of perceptual evidence that allows peripheral processing to differentiate target from distractors. We used a well-characterized color space to investigate the relationship between target-distractor similarity and search efficiency. We compared three different models relating color distance to search performance: the universal law of generalization, and two implementations of target-contrast signal theory. In the first, target-distractor distance indexes the target-distractor contrast, while the second uses the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the neuronal responses to the attended color and the distractor color to index target-distractor contrast. When the target color is known but the distractor color cannot be anticipated, perceptual distance best predicts performance (Experiments 1, 2A, and 2B). When target and distractor colors repeat from trial to trial, the SNR measure best captures performance (Experiments 3A and 3B). Finally, when neither the target nor the distractor color is known to observers, performance deteriorates significantly and is no longer indexed by either of these two measures of target-distractor contrast (Experiment 4). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The (in)flexibility of updating a mental task representation: On the origins of costs when shifting from a task-switching to a single-task context. 更新心理任务表征的灵活性：从任务切换到单任务上下文的成本来源

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001334

Inga Lück, Amelie C Jung, Gesine Dreisbach, Rico Fischer

{"title":"The (in)flexibility of updating a mental task representation: On the origins of costs when shifting from a task-switching to a single-task context.","authors":"Inga Lück, Amelie C Jung, Gesine Dreisbach, Rico Fischer","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001334","url":null,"abstract":"Task switching requires flexibly engaging in one of two task sets in each trial. Curiously, when one task suddenly becomes irrelevant (fade out), performance in the remaining task is worse than when performed as a single task. This fade-out cost demonstrates that the mental task model of task switching has to be reconfigured to a single-task representation (Mayr & Liebscher, 2001). This study implemented list-wide proportion manipulations during task switching to investigate how global processing adjustments affect fade-out costs. Experiment 1 manipulated the proportion of task switches at the level of task representation: High switch frequency was expected to increase the accessibility of both task sets in working memory, predicting increased fade-out costs. Experiment 2 varied the proportion of task-rule congruency at the level of response selection, predicting no significant effect. Results from 160 German University students showed larger fade-out costs for the high switch frequency group, whereas the proportion of task-rule congruency did not affect fade-out costs. These findings suggest that global adjustments at the task representation level uniquely influence fade-out costs and hereby the reconfiguration of the task model, whereas adjustments at the response level do not. Implications for the mental representation of task models are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visuospatial attention, temporal binding, and sense of agency. 视觉空间注意、时间约束和代理感。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001339

Zongze Chen, Xueqi Low, Patrick Haggard, Liyu Cao

{"title":"Visuospatial attention, temporal binding, and sense of agency.","authors":"Zongze Chen, Xueqi Low, Patrick Haggard, Liyu Cao","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001339","url":null,"abstract":"For over a century, subjective timing judgement has been studied by timing events with respect to a rotating clock. Participants watched a rapidly rotating clock hand and reported the time of a designated event (e.g., a sound) by giving the clock hand position. However, the distribution of visual attention around the clock has been suggested as a key factor influencing the \"time\" report. Specifically, if visual attention is future oriented (ahead of the clock hand position at the time of event occurrence), the reported location is delayed relative to the actual location. Conversely, past-oriented visual attention will masquerade as an advance of subjective timing. Thus, a change in the distribution of visuospatial attention could contribute to the difference in timing reports as found in temporal binding. The present study experimentally manipulated the distribution of visuospatial attention to shift toward either past or future locations of the clock hand. Successful manipulations of attention shift indeed led to predicted directional changes in timing reports, which were associated with corresponding directional changes in temporal binding. Similar manipulations that did not lead to attention changes were not associated with any changes in temporal binding. Furthermore, the attention account was extended to causal binding by a machine action, without any human voluntary component, suggesting that the interaction between attention and timing judgement is domain general and independent of mechanisms specific of intentional action. Therefore, the current study demonstrated an attention component in timing reports. Attention should be considered when interpreting the timing results obtained with the clock method. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying individual cost-balancing strategies when self-organizing task switching. 识别自组织任务切换时的个体成本平衡策略。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001326

Irina Monno, Philipp Dahlinger, Jeff Miller, Gerhard Neumann, Andrea Kiesel

{"title":"Identifying individual cost-balancing strategies when self-organizing task switching.","authors":"Irina Monno, Philipp Dahlinger, Jeff Miller, Gerhard Neumann, Andrea Kiesel","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001326","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on voluntary task switching indicates that people use different strategies to manage multitasking constraints. In this study, we conducted two experiments to investigate individual task selection behavior and provide empirical evidence for two theoretically derived strategies-local and global-aimed at balancing time-related costs in a self-organized task switching paradigm. We implemented a delay for the stimulus required for task repetition (i.e., stimulus-onset asynchrony [SOA]), which increased with each consecutive repetition until a task switch reset the SOA. Thus, repeating a task required waiting, while switching incurred performance costs. We examined individual waiting times at which participants chose to switch tasks (switch SOA) and their task performance (switch costs) across conditions. Results revealed that some participants had switch SOAs similar to their switch costs, consistent with a local strategy. Others showed considerably smaller switch SOAs compared to their switch costs, aligning with the global strategy. These individuals likely accounted for the fact that task switching in this paradigm reduces waiting times in subsequent trials. Importantly, our visual observations of behavioral patterns were confirmed using the expectation-maximization method, a technique sometimes applied in machine learning, providing statistical support for the existence of these two strategies. Overall, the findings suggest that individuals differ in their preferred task selection strategies, with preferences remaining relatively stable across varying experimental conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Setting specific goals improves cognitive effort, self-efficacy, and sustained attention. 设定明确的目标可以提高认知能力、自我效能和持续的注意力。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001331

Lauren D Garner, Rija Mohammed, Matthew K Robison

{"title":"Setting specific goals improves cognitive effort, self-efficacy, and sustained attention.","authors":"Lauren D Garner, Rija Mohammed, Matthew K Robison","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001331","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the efficacy of goal-setting strategies is critical in understanding how individuals regulate their behavior, particularly within cognitive tasks. The present study examines the impact of self-set versus experimenter-set goals and point incentives on performance across three experiments using two sustained attention tasks. In Experiment 1, we compared self-set and experimenter-set goals in the psychomotor vigilance task, hypothesizing that self-set goals would lead to better performance due to increased agency. No significant differences emerged in task performance between the two conditions. Participants who self-set their goals also set increasingly easier goal standards over time. Experiment 2 introduced a novel task paradigm \"Green Means Go,\" modeled after the psychomotor vigilance task, and revealed faster reaction times in goal-setting conditions compared to a no-goal condition. Having a specific goal, either self-set or experimenter-set, was better for performance than having no goals. Experiment 3 allowed all participants to set their own goals and explored the influence of a points-based incentivization system on goal-setting tendencies. Those who received points set more difficult goals. Findings suggest that goal-setting mechanisms can enhance task performance and help reduce vigilance decrements, with potential implications for using goal-setting to elevate cognitive performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voluntary and reflexive mechanisms of visual attention: An investigation of the robustness of the social attention bias. 视觉注意的自愿和反射机制：社会注意偏差稳健性的研究。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001341

Sabrina Gado, Yannik Stegmann, Matthias Gamer

{"title":"Voluntary and reflexive mechanisms of visual attention: An investigation of the robustness of the social attention bias.","authors":"Sabrina Gado, Yannik Stegmann, Matthias Gamer","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001341","url":null,"abstract":"Social attention refers to a perceptual prioritization of social information and a tendency to quickly direct attention toward social stimuli. However, the extent to which social attention follows reflexive mechanisms rather than reflecting top-down control remains elusive. Here we examined the robustness of social orienting when challenged by competing top-down modulations of attention induced by motivationally relevant operant conditioning. We conducted two consecutive experiments (both N = 52) with data for Experiment 1 being collected in December 2023 and January 2024 and data for Experiment 2 from April to May 2024. Using a gaze-contingent paradigm, we explored whether humans could learn to suppress directing their overt visual attention toward specific stimuli when such behavior is associated with a negative outcome, such as an aversive electric shock (Experiment 1) or a loss of points (Experiment 2). We observed reflexive social attention characterized by faster and more frequent saccades only for positively conditioned faces but neither for stimuli that required avoidance nor for novel stimuli. Overall, these results suggest that bottom-up attentional mechanisms such as social prioritization or a novelty bias are less automatic and reflexive than previously assumed and can be suppressed through executive control to support goal-directed behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Face familiarity and similarity: Within- and between-identity representations are altered by learning. 面孔熟悉度和相似性：身份内部和身份之间的表征会因学习而改变。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001317

Robin S S Kramer, Alex L Jones, Daniel Fitousi

{"title":"Face familiarity and similarity: Within- and between-identity representations are altered by learning.","authors":"Robin S S Kramer, Alex L Jones, Daniel Fitousi","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001317","url":null,"abstract":"Face familiarity is thought to alter distances between representations in psychological \"face space,\" resulting in substantial improvements in recognition. However, the underlying changes are not well understood. In Experiment 1 (n = 192), we investigated the effect of familiarity based on everyday exposure to celebrities. Participants judged the similarity of pairs of face photographs, and we found that greater familiarity increased perceived similarity for two images of the same person, while decreasing similarity for two images depicting different people. In Experiment 2 (n = 157), familiarity was manipulated through the learning of new identities by watching 5-min video clips. Again, when judging the similarity of image pairs, familiarity increased the perceived similarity of images of the same person, while having the opposite effect on images depicting different people. In Experiment 3, we trained a computational model with images of 333 different identities (totaling 3,949 photographs) and manipulated its familiarity with two new identities. The changes in distances between novel images of these identities (a proxy for similarity) replicated our behavioral findings. Overall, we build upon recent evidence by demonstrating two transformations through which familiarity alters representational space to likely benefit face perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking: The general and specific skills involved. 桥接并发多任务、任务切换和复杂多任务：所涉及的一般和特定技能。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001332

Kelvin F H Lui, Hezul Tin Yan Ng, Pu Fan, Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan C-N Wong

{"title":"Bridging concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking: The general and specific skills involved.","authors":"Kelvin F H Lui, Hezul Tin Yan Ng, Pu Fan, Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan C-N Wong","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001332","url":null,"abstract":"Research on multitasking has adopted a diverse range of simple paradigms covering concurrent multitasking and task-switching scenarios, alongside more complex paradigms simulating real-life situations more closely. Investigating the relationships among them is essential for uncovering shared cognitive mechanisms, advancing a unified theory of multitasking, and exploring the link of multitasking to other cognitive functions. We adopted an individual-difference approach to examine the unity and separability of multitasking ability. Nine paradigms were completed by 224 university students, with three paradigms each for concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking. Confirmatory factor analyses showed both general and specific factors required to capture individual differences in performance. Specifically, individual differences in task switching performance can be explained by a general ability shared with the other two types of paradigms, whereas both general and specific abilities were involved in concurrent multitasking and complex multitasking. These results help reconcile conflicting findings in previous studies of group differences in multitasking and highlight the limitation in the generalizability of claims based solely on performance in a single paradigm. Given the multifaceted nature of multitasking, it is recommended that assessment and intervention of multitasking encompass a comprehensive array of paradigm types to cover both general and specific abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

More than simple associations: Event files store abstract relationships that last long enough to influence hierarchical event perception and action control. 不仅仅是简单的关联：事件文件存储抽象关系，这些关系持续的时间足够长，可以影响分层事件感知和操作控制。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001336

Daniel H Weissman

{"title":"More than simple associations: Event files store abstract relationships that last long enough to influence hierarchical event perception and action control.","authors":"Daniel H Weissman","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001336","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying a stimulus feature (e.g., a musical note) via a response (e.g., pressing a piano key) leads to an event file that stores the feature-response association (often called a \"binding\"). Interestingly, identifying two stimulus features in rapid succession integrates the corresponding event files, thereby enabling the storage of abstract relationships between stimuli or responses in those files (e.g., the interval between two musical notes). The nature, generality, and duration of such abstract relationships, however, remain unclear. To fill these gaps, I employed prime-probe tasks wherein only retrieving one or more relationships between two stimuli or two responses from a prime trial can produce a relational sequence effect in a subsequent probe trial. Simultaneously varying perceptual and categorical relationships between two stimuli and spatial relationships between two nonhomologous finger responses on different hands (Experiment 1), only the second and third types of relationships (Experiment 2), or only the third type (Experiment 3), produced progressively smaller relational sequence effects, some of which lasted 5 s (Experiment 4). I conclude that bindings store multiple relationships, that retrieving such relationships can influence actions involving different effectors, and that such relationships are stored long enough to influence hierarchical representations of event and action sequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repetition violating events do not enhance sensitivity to embedded content, but repeated events can reduce sensitivity. 重复违反事件不会增强对嵌入内容的敏感性，但重复事件会降低对嵌入内容的敏感性。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001324

Blake W Saurels, Qingyu Ma, Derek H Arnold

{"title":"Repetition violating events do not enhance sensitivity to embedded content, but repeated events can reduce sensitivity.","authors":"Blake W Saurels, Qingyu Ma, Derek H Arnold","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001324","url":null,"abstract":"Oddball paradigms involve the presentation of sequences of repeated events that are broken by a novel \"oddball.\" These have been used to examine the neural and perceptual consequences of predictive processes in the brain. Two intriguing perceptual findings are that people are more sensitive to visual content embedded in oddballs and that people perceive oddballs as longer lasting-relative to repeated events. Recent investigations have looked at the possibility that fluctuations in attention during presentation sequences might impact perception though. Because the number of repeated \"standards\" (that do not require a behavioral judgment) seen before a \"test\" (which can require a behavioral judgment) is often circumscribed, as more standards are encountered, the probability of a further standard decreases, whereas the probability of a test increases. So, later tests can be anticipated, whereas early tests are improbable. It has been shown that when all tests can be anticipated, and all tests are equally likely to be a further repeated standard or an oddball, oddballs still seem longer lasting than repeats. Here we show that the same conditions undermine the visual acuity advantage for oddball content. Our experiment clarifies that this increase in acuity for oddballs results from a degradation of acuity to repeat tests that cannot be anticipated. We found that people's pupils tended to dilate as they expected a test, consistent with top-down attention scaling with test probability. In a second experiment, we replicated the time perception difference and the lack of visual acuity difference under the same experimental conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0