Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition最新文献_第9页

Encoding variability explains the multisensory benefit in recognition memory. 编码变异性解释了识别记忆中的多感官益处。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001305

Daan Hendriks, Peter Verkoeijen, Diane Pecher

{"title":"Encoding variability explains the multisensory benefit in recognition memory.","authors":"Daan Hendriks, Peter Verkoeijen, Diane Pecher","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001305","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001305","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have found better memory for multimodal than unimodal stimuli. In these studies, however, multimodal stimuli consist not only of multiple modalities, but also of more varied information than unimodal. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated encoding variability as an explanation for the multisensory benefit. Written words were studied together with two different orienting questions that promoted processing of same modality (both visual or both auditory) or different modality information (one visual and one auditory). In Experiment 1, recognition memory did not differ between constant modality and varied modality conditions. In Experiment 2, we replicated this effect with items that were repeated at a lag and we found an advantage of any type of encoding variability (within and between modality) compared to a condition in which the same orienting question was repeated. In Experiments 3 and 4, these findings were replicated when there was a day delay between study and test. We conclude that we did find an encoding variability benefit on memory, but no multisensory benefit. This conclusion challenges the sensory integration explanation and provides support for encoding variability as an explanation of the multisensory benefit. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the interplay between morphosyntax and event comprehension from the perspective of intersecting object histories. 从交叉对象历史的角度研究形态句法与事件理解之间的相互作用。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001307

Yanina Prystauka, Emma Wing, Gerry T M Altmann

{"title":"Investigating the interplay between morphosyntax and event comprehension from the perspective of intersecting object histories.","authors":"Yanina Prystauka, Emma Wing, Gerry T M Altmann","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001307","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001307","url":null,"abstract":"In a series of sentence-picture verification studies we contrasted, for example, \"… choose the balloon with \"… inflate the balloon\" and \"… the inflated balloon\" to examine the degree to which different representational components of event representation (specifically, the different object states entailed by the inflating event; minimally, the balloon in its uninflated and inflated states) are jointly activated after state-change verbs and past participles derived from them. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the initial and end states are both activated after state-change verbs, but that the initial state is considerably less accessible after participles. Experiment 3 showed that intensifier adverbs (e.g., completely) before both state-change verbs and participles further modulate the accessibility of the initial state. And in Experiment 4, we ruled out the possibility that the initial state is accessible only because of the semantic overlap. We conclude that although state-change verbs activate representations of both the initial and end states of their event participants, their accessibility is graded, modulated by the morphosyntactic devices used to describe the event. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An interference model for visual and verbal working memory. 视觉和言语工作记忆的干扰模型。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001303

Klaus Oberauer, Hsuan-Yu Lin

{"title":"An interference model for visual and verbal working memory.","authors":"Klaus Oberauer, Hsuan-Yu Lin","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001303","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001303","url":null,"abstract":"Research on working memory (WM) has followed two largely independent traditions: One concerned with memory for sequentially presented lists of discrete items, and the other with short-term maintenance of simultaneously presented arrays of objects with simple, continuously varying features. Here we present a formal model of WM, the interference model (IM), that explains benchmark findings from both traditions: The shape of the error distribution from continuous reproduction of visual features, and how it is affected by memory set size; the effects of serial position for sequentially presented items, the effect of output position, and the intrusion of nontargets as a function of their distance from the target in space and in time. We apply the model to two experiments combining features of popular paradigms from both traditions: Lists of colors (Experiment 1) or of nonwords (Experiment 2) are presented sequentially and tested through selection of the target from a set of candidates, ordered by their similarity. The core assumptions of the IM are: Contents are encoded into WM through temporary bindings to contexts that serve as retrieval cues to access the contents. Bindings have limited precision on the context and the content dimension. A subset of the memory set-usually one item and its context-is maintained in a focus of attention with high precision. Successive events in an episode are encoded with decreasing strength, generating a primacy gradient. With each encoded event, automatic updating of WM reduces the strength of preceding memories, creating a recency gradient and output interference. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138048331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two sources of color-word contingency learning: Episodic retrieval of stimulus-response bindings and propositional knowledge. 颜色-词语应急学习的两个来源：刺激-反应绑定的偶发检索和命题知识。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001353

Matthäus Rudolph, Klaus Rothermund

{"title":"Two sources of color-word contingency learning: Episodic retrieval of stimulus-response bindings and propositional knowledge.","authors":"Matthäus Rudolph, Klaus Rothermund","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001353","url":null,"abstract":"There is an ongoing debate about the cognitive mechanisms behind human contingency learning (CL). Although, in some studies, episodic retrieval of previous responses fully explained the observed CL effects (C. G. Giesen et al., 2020; Schmidt et al., 2020), other findings suggest that global contingencies have an additional effect on behavior (Xu & Mordkoff, 2020). In a high-powered (N = 500), preregistered study, we investigated CL effects after controlling for episodic retrieval of distractor-target (S-S) and distractor-response (S-R) bindings. Retrieval explained a large part of the CL effect. However, we still found a reliable residual CL effect even after controlling for retrieval. Notably, the residual CL effect depended on contingency awareness: The residual CL effect only occurred for trials for which participants correctly detected the respective color-word contingency, whereas for trials without contingency awareness, there was no residual CL effect. Collectively, our findings suggest that human CL is driven by two independent sources: (a) episodic retrieval of S-S and S-R bindings and (b) propositional knowledge of the contingencies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for response inhibition as a control process distinct from the common executive function: A two-study factor analysis. 反应抑制是一种不同于普通执行功能的控制过程的证据：两项研究的因子分析

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001352

Grant S Shields, Andrew P Yonelinas

{"title":"Evidence for response inhibition as a control process distinct from the common executive function: A two-study factor analysis.","authors":"Grant S Shields, Andrew P Yonelinas","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001352","url":null,"abstract":"The dominant model of executive functions, which has held for over two decades, contends that various aspects of seemingly disparate forms of inhibitory control-for example, inhibiting a prepotent response, or inhibiting irrelevant thoughts and distractions-are in fact manifestations of a single latent executive function. Recent work, however, has cast doubt on this dominant model, as certain conditions can dissociate performance on tasks thought to index inhibitory control. Moreover, issues related to task reliability and latent estimation of inhibition processes have prompted questions about whether the structure of inhibitory control can even be reliably estimated at a latent level. We addressed these issues in two studies of healthy young adults (Study 1 N = 154, Study 2, N = 279), examining seven then 12 different tasks taken by prior research to assess inhibitory control. Contrary to the dominant model of executive functions, we found that, at a latent level, inhibitory control was best fit by a replicable two-factor solution, with response inhibition as a distinct executive function. Further, our data suggested that prior work on executive functions may not have observed a response inhibition factor due to task selections (i.e., including either one of two specific tasks was critical to identifying a separate response inhibition factor). Therefore, contrary to the current primary theoretical model of executive functions, these results suggest that response inhibition is, in fact, a distinct control process from the control process underpinning other forms of inhibition, which has important implications for designing interventions and assessing outcomes related to inhibitory control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reasoning about actual causation in reversible and irreversible causal structures. 推理可逆和不可逆因果结构中的实际因果关系。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001354

Simon Stephan

{"title":"Reasoning about actual causation in reversible and irreversible causal structures.","authors":"Simon Stephan","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001354","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates people's judgments of actual causation in the context of a previously neglected property of causal structures-their reversibility, that is, whether an effect persists or returns to its original state if its causes are removed. Causal reversibility, and its potential impact on causal judgment, was recently analyzed theoretically by Ross and Woodward (2022). They hypothesized that reversibility might affect people's evaluation of causes in late-preemption scenarios. The typical finding in preemption scenarios is that events happening earlier are considered to be actual causes, while events happening later are regarded as noncauses. The hypothesis is that this robust intuition depends on causal reversibility and that in reversible structures later events are regarded as actual causes. Across three main experiments and one supplementary study (N = 590), it is shown that reversibility has the predicted effect: later causes are perceived to make an actual causal contribution to the effect. It is also shown that Henne et al. (2023), in a first study, did not find evidence for Ross and Woodward's hypothesis because they did not test whether people regard later causes in preemption-like sequences of reversible structures as maintainers and not as triggers of their effect. Because they used test questions that asked explicitly for triggering rather than maintaining or were at least ambiguous, their results seemed to show that people think that later events have no causal impact. Maintaining is a relevant causal concept deserving more attention in both philosophical theories and psychological studies on causal cognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From attentional fluctuations to intentional fluctuations? Monitoring behavior and intraindividual variability in time-based prospective memory. 从注意力波动到有意波动？基于时间的前瞻性记忆中的监控行为和个体内变异。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001344

Emilie Joly-Burra, Maximilian Haas, Gianvito Laera, Paolo Ghisletta, Matthias Kliegel, Sascha Zuber

{"title":"From attentional fluctuations to intentional fluctuations? Monitoring behavior and intraindividual variability in time-based prospective memory.","authors":"Emilie Joly-Burra, Maximilian Haas, Gianvito Laera, Paolo Ghisletta, Matthias Kliegel, Sascha Zuber","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001344","url":null,"abstract":"In sharp contrast to event-based prospective memory (PM), dynamics of (re)allocation of attention between the ongoing and PM tasks have been much less investigated in time-based PM tasks. We propose an in-depth examination of attention allocation in a time-based PM task by jointly analyzing multiple indicators of time-monitoring behavior, net and time-structured intraindividual variability (IIV) in ongoing-task reaction times (OT RTs), and task performance. Results from dynamic structural equation modeling in a lifespan sample of 198 adults (19-86 years) revealed that larger fluctuations in OT RTs (net IIV) predicted poorer OT performance, but fostered a more efficient pattern of time-monitoring behavior (i.e., checking a clock more frequently and strategically, and slowing OT RTs during the PM response window) that, in turn, enhanced PM. Conversely, greater inertia in OT RTs (time-structured IIV) led to fewer clock-checks and poorer PM performance. Focusing attention on time monitoring to enhance PM performance did not detrimentally affect OT accuracy. Instead, participants showed a speed-accuracy tradeoff to optimize both OT and PM accuracies by slowing their OT RTs during the PM response window. This study therefore shows that two concomitant aspects of IIV (net and time-structured IIV) not only predicted time-monitoring behavior, but also OT and PM accuracies differentially, hence advocating for the necessity to consider both aspects of IIV and time monitoring together to better understand attention allocation policies in time-based PM tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

It is not all about you: Communicative cooperation is determined by your partner's theory of mind abilities as well as your own. 这并不全是你的问题：沟通合作既取决于你自己的能力，也取决于你伴侣的心智理论能力。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001268

Roksana Markiewicz, Foyzul Rahman, Ian Apperly, Ali Mazaheri, Katrien Segaert

{"title":"It is not all about you: Communicative cooperation is determined by your partner's theory of mind abilities as well as your own.","authors":"Roksana Markiewicz, Foyzul Rahman, Ian Apperly, Ali Mazaheri, Katrien Segaert","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001268","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001268","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the relationship between Theory of Mind (ToM) and communicative cooperation. Specifically, we examined whether communicative cooperation is affected by the ToM ability of one's cooperative partner as well as their own. ToM is the attribution of mental states to oneself and others; cooperation is the joint action that leads to achieving a shared goal. We measured cooperation using a novel communicative cooperation game completed by participants in pairs. ToM was measured via the Movies for Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) task and fluid intelligence via the Raven task. Findings of 350 adults show that ToM scores of both players were predictors of cooperative failure, whereas Raven scores were not. Furthermore, participants were split into low- and high-ToM groups through a median split of the MASC scores: high-ToM individuals committed significantly fewer cooperative errors compared to their low-ToM counterparts. Therefore, we found a direct relationship between ToM and cooperation. Interestingly, we also examined how ToM scores of paired participants determine cooperation. We found that pairs with two high-ToM individuals committed significantly fewer errors compared to pairs with two low-ToM individuals. We speculate that reduced cooperation in low-low ToM pairs is a result of less efficient development of conceptual alignment and recovery from misalignment, compared to high-high ToM dyads. For the first time, we thus demonstrate that it is not all about you; both cooperative partners make key, independent, contributions to cooperative outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positional encoding of morphemes in visual word recognition. 视觉词识别中语素的位置编码。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001296

Jasmine Spencer, Hasibe Kahraman, Elisabeth Beyersmann

{"title":"Positional encoding of morphemes in visual word recognition.","authors":"Jasmine Spencer, Hasibe Kahraman, Elisabeth Beyersmann","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001296","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001296","url":null,"abstract":"Reading morphologically complex words requires analysis of their morphemic subunits (e.g., play + er); however, the positional constraints of morphemic processing are still little understood. The current study involved three unprimed lexical decision experiments to directly compare the positional encoding of stems and affixes during reading and to investigate the role of semantics during the position encoding of morphemes. Experiment 1 revealed that transposed compound words were harder to reject than their controls (e.g., dreamday vs. shadeday), whereas there was no difference between transposed suffixed words and their controls (e.g., fulpain vs. adepain). Experiment 2 replicated the results for transposed compound words of the first experiment and further showed that there was no difference between transposed prefixed words and their controls (e.g., qualifydis vs. qualifymis). Experiment 3 investigated the role of semantic transparency in morpheme transposition effects and revealed a larger morpheme transposition effect for semantically transparent transposed compound words (e.g., cuptea vs. taptea) than for semantically opaque transposed compound words (e.g., linedead vs. deskdead). These results bring to light important differences in the positional encoding of stems and affixes, suggesting that prefixes and suffixes are recognized in a position-dependent manner compared to the position-independent encoding of embedded stems and that morpheme transposition effects are guided by semantics. The current findings call for more clearly specified theoretical models of visual word recognition that reflect the distinct positional constraints of stems and affixes, as well as the influence of semantics on morphological processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A corpus-based examination of scalar diversity. 基于语料库的标度多样性研究。

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001278

Chao Sun, Ye Tian, Richard Breheny

{"title":"A corpus-based examination of scalar diversity.","authors":"Chao Sun, Ye Tian, Richard Breheny","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001278","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001278","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of scalar diversity refers to the well-replicated finding that different scalar expressions give rise to scalar implicatures (SIs) at different rates. Previous work has shown that part of the scalar diversity effect can be explained by theoretically motivated factors. Although the effect has been established only in controlled experiments using manually constructed stimuli, there has been a tendency to assume that the marked differences in inference rates that have been observed reflect differences to be found in naturally occurring discourse. We explore whether this is the case by sampling actual language usage involving a wide range of scalar expressions. Adopting the approach in Degen (2015), we investigated the scalar diversity effect in a corpus of Twitter data we constructed. We find that the phenomenon of scalar diversity attenuates significantly when measured in a corpus-based paraphrase task. Although the degree of \"scalar diversity\" varies, we find that factors derived from theories of SI can explain nearly two-thirds of the variation. This remains the case whether the variation is observed in controlled experiments or in the context of natural language use. As for the remaining variation, we hypothesize that it may be due to a high level of uncertainty about whether adjectival scalar expressions should undergo scalar enrichment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0