Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition最新文献_第9页

Revisiting semantic ambiguity in English words: Nonarbitrary polysemy-form mappings influence lexical processing. 重新审视英语词汇的语义歧义：非任意多义形式映射对词汇加工的影响。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001483

Greig I de Zubicaray

{"title":"Revisiting semantic ambiguity in English words: Nonarbitrary polysemy-form mappings influence lexical processing.","authors":"Greig I de Zubicaray","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001483","url":null,"abstract":"Most English word forms convey multiple meanings, that is, they are semantically ambiguous. A relatively small proportion of these ambiguous forms are homonyms that convey distinct meanings (e.g., bank may refer to a financial institution or the land bordering a river), while the majority are polysemes that convey interrelated senses (mouth may refer to the mouth of a person or a river). Empirical investigations have demonstrated an advantage for polysemous word forms across various lexical processing tasks, suggesting differences in the way they are organized in semantic memory. However, polysemous forms also tend to be more frequent, comprise fewer phonemes and syllables, and occur in more dense neighborhoods involving more similar sounding words. The nature and extent of these systematic polysemy-form mappings and their influence on processing have yet to be fully investigated. The present study reports an analysis of a corpus of English monomorphemic words (N = 4,466), confirming that phonological features predict a significant proportion of variance (16.8%) in the number of senses conveyed by a word. A series of experiments using relative weight analyses of megastudy data sets of word recognition and production tasks demonstrates that these systematic polysemy-form mappings have a relatively important influence on lexical processing compared to other lexical and semantic variables. These findings suggest that polysemous word forms might be structured systematically to minimize cognitive costs and maintain a compact or kernel lexicon. Implications for current accounts of lexical ambiguity based solely on semantic similarity are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple repetitions lead to the long-term elimination of the word frequency effect. 多次重复导致词频效应的长期消除。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001486

Ruth E Corps, Antje S Meyer

引用次数: 0

Grouping by semantic and color similarity in visual working memory: An attentional mechanism, not compression mechanism. 视觉工作记忆中的语义和颜色相似性分组：一种注意机制，而非压缩机制。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001482

Hanane Ramzaoui, Fabien Mathy, Candice C Morey

{"title":"Grouping by semantic and color similarity in visual working memory: An attentional mechanism, not compression mechanism.","authors":"Hanane Ramzaoui, Fabien Mathy, Candice C Morey","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001482","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have examined whether semantic relatedness between objects can influence object grouping, thereby optimizing the efficiency of visual working memory (WM). Moreover, these studies have largely used real-world grayscale objects. Here, we sought to determine whether and how sharing object semantics and colors would benefit WM. Participants viewed six to-be-remembered objects, arranged as one semantically related and/or perceptually similar object pair plus four singletons, or as six singletons. Perceptually similar pairs shared color, while semantically related pairs included co-occurring objects. Our series of three experiments mainly showed redundancy advantages, with memory of related objects improved over that of singletons. This advantage was present for similarly colored objects in all experiments and under conditions that allowed deeper information processing by facilitating access to knowledge (longer encoding or retention times), extended to semantically related objects. None of the experiments showed any redundancy-boost on overall WM performance, with memory for scenes comprising a related pair not differing from that for scenes comprising only singletons. The experiments also showed no capacity spillover for singletons in the presence of pairs. Overall, the results support the existence of an attentional encoding bias and rule out the compression hypothesis to explain the benefits of grouping by semantic and color similarity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinguishing between temporary and permanent removal in verbal working memory. 区分言语工作记忆中的暂时和永久移除。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001481

Miriam Tortajada, Víctor Martínez-Pérez, Lucía B Palmero, Luis J Fuentes, Guillermo Campoy

{"title":"Distinguishing between temporary and permanent removal in verbal working memory.","authors":"Miriam Tortajada, Víctor Martínez-Pérez, Lucía B Palmero, Luis J Fuentes, Guillermo Campoy","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001481","url":null,"abstract":"We employed the retro-cue paradigm to examine performance improvements resulting from permanent versus temporary removal in verbal working memory. Permanent removal entails discarding a subset of working memory representations marked as definitively irrelevant, while temporary removal involves momentarily setting aside the uncued subset of representations from the attentional focus, preserving accessibility for later refocusing. We observed that both permanent and temporary removal led to marked progressive reductions in reaction time and errors across cue-target intervals (200, 400, 800, and 1,600 ms), reflecting the gradual simplification of the search set following informative cues. Although removal conditions did not differ in accuracy, responses were slower in the temporary removal condition, especially at the longest interval. A key finding was that performance in the temporary removal condition, but not in the permanent removal condition, was modulated by the presentation order of the target's memory set. This order effect was also observed in a nonremoval control condition where double retro-cues marked all presented information as relevant. We suggest that order effects depend on maintaining the integrity of the retrieval framework (all the contextual cues) needed to guide attentional access to specific representations, including those provisionally set aside in the temporary removal condition. We conclude that the primary distinction between permanent and temporary removal processes is that only permanent removal simplifies the retrieval framework by removing unnecessary contextual cues, resulting in a greater reduction in the complexity of the search set compared to temporary removal. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do speakers tailor lexical choices according to their interlocutor's accent? 说话者如何根据对话者的口音来调整词汇选择？

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001477

Zhenguang G Cai, Max S Dunn, Holly P Branigan

{"title":"How do speakers tailor lexical choices according to their interlocutor's accent?","authors":"Zhenguang G Cai, Max S Dunn, Holly P Branigan","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001477","url":null,"abstract":"When conveying a message to an interlocutor, speakers need to code concepts in lexical expressions, a process known as lexical retrieval. There is evidence that speakers can take into account the dialectal background of their interlocutor to tailor their lexical retrieval; for instance, our pilot experiment showed that participants, when asked to guess the defined expression according to a definition, were more likely to produce American English (AE) expressions (e.g., apartment instead of flat) when the definition was spoken by an AE interlocutor than a British English (BE) interlocutor. It is possible that such an interlocutor effect arises from a top-down interlocutor model, from bottom-up accent details, or a combination of both. This registered report aimed to address this issue with two experiments. In Experiment 1, we observed that the interlocutor effect on lexical retrieval did not differ regardless of whether a definition was presented by the interlocutor via speaking (with accent details) or writing (without accent details), suggesting that the effect arises from top-down interlocutor modeling instead of bottom-up accent details. Experiment 2 interleaved two interlocutors with different dialects, one providing a spoken filler definition and the other a written target definition. Participants used more AE expressions for target definitions given by an AE interlocutor than a BE interlocutor, suggesting they maintained concurrent models for interlocutors and used them to retrieve dialect-congruent expressions. These findings highlight top-down influences of the communicative context in language production. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control processes of cross- and within-language interference-A replication of Liu et al. (2019). 跨语言和语言内干扰的控制过程——刘等人（2019）的复制。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001476

Glenn P Williams, Neil W Kirk, Luz María Sánchez, Ziba Afshar, Yun Wen, Mathieu Declerck

{"title":"Control processes of cross- and within-language interference-A replication of Liu et al. (2019).","authors":"Glenn P Williams, Neil W Kirk, Luz María Sánchez, Ziba Afshar, Yun Wen, Mathieu Declerck","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001476","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001476","url":null,"abstract":"Language control is an essential cognitive process that allows bilinguals to fluently produce language by reducing cross-language interference. Yet, it remains unclear whether the control processes implemented when reducing cross-language interference are similar to those when reducing within-language interference. Since prior research has shown contradictory results, we set out to investigate this issue further based on a combination of language switch costs, as a measure of control processes resolving cross-language interference, and Stroop incongruency, as a measure of control processes resolving within-language interference. Relying on a range of statistical techniques, the results across three experiments, including a replication of Experiment 1 of Liu et al. (2019), testing three different groups of bilinguals (i.e., Dutch-English, Arabic-English, and Chinese-English) showed no clear interaction between language switch costs and Stroop incongruency, and neither was this pattern influenced by language dominance. These results are more in line with the claim that control processes implemented to reduce cross- and within-language interference are separate or occur in separate stages of processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is there a description-experience gap in choices between a described and an experienced option? 在描述选项和经验选项之间，是否存在描述-经验差距？

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001417

Kevin E Tiede, Wolfgang Gaissmaier, Thorsten Pachur

{"title":"Is there a description-experience gap in choices between a described and an experienced option?","authors":"Kevin E Tiede, Wolfgang Gaissmaier, Thorsten Pachur","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001417","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001417","url":null,"abstract":"Decision makers seem to evaluate risky options differently depending on the learning mode-that is, whether they learn about the options' payoff distributions from a summary description (decisions from description) or by drawing samples from them (decisions from experience). Are there also discrepancies when people choose between a described and an experienced option? In two experiments, we compared people's behavior in a condition with mixed learning modes (i.e., one option described, the other experienced with the sampling paradigm) to that in conditions where both options were either described or experienced. Using cumulative prospect theory's value and probability weighting functions to characterize how observed outcome and probability information was subjectively distorted in people's choices, we found clear differences between the pure description and pure experience conditions. In the mixed-mode condition, however, the value and probability weighting functions did not differ between the described and the experienced options, suggesting that people evaluated them based on a joint representation despite the different learning modes. Participants' choices were not biased toward the described or the experienced option. Finally, per-option search effort for an experienced option tended to be higher in the mixed-mode condition than in the purely experience-based condition. Our findings demonstrate that how people evaluate described and experienced options depends on the learning mode of the other option in the choice set, highlighting a previously overlooked boundary condition of discrepancies between description- and experience-based choice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"552-574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Homophone priming in bilingual preference formation. 双语偏好形成中的同音字引物

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001380

Dieter Thoma, Felicia Heilmann, Madeleine Trotno

{"title":"Homophone priming in bilingual preference formation.","authors":"Dieter Thoma, Felicia Heilmann, Madeleine Trotno","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001380","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001380","url":null,"abstract":"Homophone (HP) priming occurs when phonologically ambiguous words persistently coactivate their contextually irrelevant meanings. If suppressing those meanings fails, they subliminally bias preferences. Yet, it is unclear if prior findings generalize beyond individual words and to bilingual contexts. This has implications for consumer behavior and the debate on differences between first (L1) and second language (L2) lexical processing. We present four multi-item experiments with German-English bilinguals. An initial eye-tracked primed choice task established that homophones affect decision making. Three visual preference experiments with written and/or auditory primes and high- or low-proficiency L2 users found that homophones bias preferences more in L1 than L2. The L1-L2 gap widened if listening or low proficiency made suppression more difficult. We argue that the interplay between reduced suppression in L2 as predicted by activation-suppression models and lower subjective frequency of L2 homophones assumed by the frequency lag hypothesis explain the size of the L1-L2 priming gap. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"668-681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning the lie of the land: How people construct mental representations of distributions. 学习地形：人们如何构建分布的心理表征。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001402

Alice Mason, Aba Szollosi, Ben R Newell

{"title":"Learning the lie of the land: How people construct mental representations of distributions.","authors":"Alice Mason, Aba Szollosi, Ben R Newell","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001402","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001402","url":null,"abstract":"An unexamined assumption in many studies of learning and decision making is that people learn underlying probability distributions. However, the acquisition of distributional knowledge is rarely the focus of investigations. We report five experiments (N = 580 adults) that provide this focus and highlight the factors that impact people's ability to accurately learn and reproduce underlying distributions. We find that people accurately reproduced the distribution only when either the environmental signal is strong (e.g., discrete bimodal distributions) or sufficient cues are provided to aid construction of mental representations (e.g., items from the modes in a noisy bimodal distribution are presented in different colors). We interpret these results in terms of participants testing and learning discrete rules corresponding to salient features of the environment rather than spontaneously representing entire distributions. As such, the findings challenge strong assumptions about the role of probability distribution knowledge in explanations of learning and decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"515-525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A certain future strengthens the past: Knowing ahead how to act on an object prioritizes its visual working memory representation. 确定的未来会强化过去：提前知道如何对一个物体采取行动会优先考虑其视觉工作记忆表征。

IF 2.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001366

Caterina Trentin, Giulia Rinaldi, Magdalena A Chorzępa, Michaela A Imhof, Heleen A Slagter, Christian N L Olivers

{"title":"A certain future strengthens the past: Knowing ahead how to act on an object prioritizes its visual working memory representation.","authors":"Caterina Trentin, Giulia Rinaldi, Magdalena A Chorzępa, Michaela A Imhof, Heleen A Slagter, Christian N L Olivers","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001366","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xlm0001366","url":null,"abstract":"Findings from recent studies indicate that planning an action toward an object strengthens its visual working memory (VWM) representation, emphasizing the importance of sensorimotor links in VWM. In the present study, we investigated to what extent such sensorimotor links are modulated by how well-defined an action plan is. In three eye-tracking experiments, we asked participants to memorize a visual stimulus for a subsequent memory test, whereby they performed a specific hand movement toward memory-matching probes. We manipulated action uncertainty so that in the defined action condition, participants knew before the memory delay what specific action they would have to perform at the memory test, while in the undefined action condition, they were informed about the specific action on the object in VWM only after the delay. Importantly, during the delay, participants were presented with a visual detection task, designed to measure any attentional biases toward the memorized object. Across the three experiments, we found moderate evidence that knowing in advance how to act on an object prioritized its mnemonic representation, as expressed in an increased attentional bias toward it. Our results support the idea that knowing what action to perform on an object strengthens its representation in VWM, and further highlight the importance of considering action in the study of VWM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"588-601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0