{"title":"The effect of housing wealth on health care spending","authors":"Michael F. Lovenheim , Jun Hyun Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The U.S. healthcare system requires substantial out-of-pocket payments by most consumers, which can prevent some from receiving needed medical services. At the same time, housing wealth comprises a significant proportion of household wealth that could be used to pay for medical care. We analyze the effects of housing wealth on out-of-pocket medical expenditures among older homeowners. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study and various measures of home price changes, we find no evidence that housing wealth impacts out-of-pocket medical spending. The estimates are universally small and precise, allowing us to rule out even modest-sized effects. Effects are zero across the expenditure distribution, for specific categories of expenditure, and for different types of homeowners split by health insurance status and SES. We present suggestive evidence that our results represent a mix of homeowners not needing to access their housing wealth for additional medical care and being unwilling or unable to access their home equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Firm quality and health maintenance","authors":"Anikó Bíró , Péter Elek","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We estimate the impact of firm quality – primarily measured by the firm-level wage premium – on the health maintenance of employees. Using linked employer–employee administrative panel data from Hungary, we analyze the dynamics of healthcare use before and after moving to a new firm. We show that moving to a higher-paying firm leads to higher consumption of drugs for cardiovascular conditions and more diagnostic and primary care visits, without evidence of deteriorating physical health, and, among men and older workers, to lower consumption of medications for mental health conditions. The results are robust to using alternative firm quality indicators based on productivity and worker flows, and to controlling for firm size, individual wage, and possible peer effects. The results suggest that higher-paying firms provide beneficial health-related amenities via the detection of previously undiagnosed chronic physical illnesses and improved mental health. Plausible mechanisms include higher-quality occupational health check-ups and less stressful working conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of informal caring on labour market outcomes of carers: Evidence from HILDA","authors":"Pelin Akyol , Matt Nolan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the causal impact of informal caregiving on labour market outcomes and well-being using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. We combine an event study design with an instrumental variable (IV) strategy, leveraging exogenous variation from serious illness or injury to a family member. Event study results show that health shocks significantly increase informal caregiving, with particularly large effects for women and older individuals. These shocks also lead to reductions in employment among these groups, as well as declines in hours worked, worsening mental health, and increased reliance on government support and early retirement. To isolate the causal effect of caregiving, we instrument caregiving with the timing of the health shock. IV estimates indicate that assuming caregiving responsibilities leads to large reductions in labour supply—weekly work hours fall by 9.7 h for main carers and up to 22.5 h for carers of partners. Our findings highlight the substantial economic costs of informal caregiving, with important implications for labour force participation in an ageing society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine Piette Durrance , Yang Wang , Barbara Wolfe
{"title":"Abortion access and child protective services involvement","authors":"Christine Piette Durrance , Yang Wang , Barbara Wolfe","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing evidence has found that abortion restrictions result in fewer and delayed abortions. Such restrictions may indirectly affect child wellbeing both through changes in births and for existing children in the home through mechanisms including substantial financial strains, negative health consequences, and intra-household power dynamics. Following the <em>Dobbs</em> decision, state-level abortion decisions have led to significantly greater abortion restrictions. We investigate the effects of abortion access on child welfare involvement using data from the National Child Abuse & Neglect Data System (NCANDS). We utilize pre- and post-<em>Dobbs</em> data from 2017-2023, and estimate both difference-in-differences and event study methods, using both distance changes and policy changes. We find that increased distance to nearest abortion care is associated with higher rates of CPS referrals. Our findings provide critical insights into the broader social and health implications of abortion restrictions in post-<em>Dobbs</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explaining the long-term care insurance puzzle: The role of preferences for correlation and for quality of life over wealth","authors":"David Crainich , Léontine Goldzahl , Florence Jusot , Doriane Mignon","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper investigates the role of two demand-side determinants of long-term care insurance: correlation preference and relative preference for quality of life over wealth. We model the effect of those preferences on the joint decision to buy long-term care and long-term care insurance contract. We test the model using data from a laboratory experiment in France. While the experimental results offer only partial support for the theoretical predictions—specifically, correlation aversion does not account for over-insurance, our analysis provides evidence that correlation seeking and the relative preference for quality of life over wealth explain the limited uptake of long-term care insurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of earned income tax credits on intergenerational health mobility in the United States.","authors":"Katie Jajtner, Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intergenerational health mobility is an important marker of health opportunity and equity, yet empirical research in this field remains sparse, particularly concerning the effects of public policies. We present the first empirical evidence of the effects of the Earned Income Tax Credits (EITC), one of the largest and most effective anti-poverty programs in the US, on intergenerational health mobility. We use self-reported health status from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and explore temporal, geographic, and family structure variations in childhood exposure to maximum EITC benefits. We find that the EITC generally improved intergenerational health mobility, especially upward health mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"103 ","pages":"103048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhaval Dave , Yang Liang , Johanna Catherine Maclean , Caterina Muratori , Joseph J. Sabia
{"title":"The Effect of E-Cigarette Taxes on Substance Use","authors":"Dhaval Dave , Yang Liang , Johanna Catherine Maclean , Caterina Muratori , Joseph J. Sabia","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public health advocates warn that the rapid growth of legal markets for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may generate a “gateway” to marijuana and harder drug consumption, particularly among teenagers. This study explores the effects of ENDS taxes on substance use. Analyses are based on difference-in-differences and event-study methods applied to both survey (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) and administrative (Treatment Episode Data Set) data. Our results imply that a one-dollar increase in ENDS taxes (2023$) is associated with a 1.0 to 1.5 percentage point decline in teen marijuana use and in co-use of ENDS and marijuana. This result is consistent with e-cigarettes and marijuana being economic complements. We also find that youth responses to ENDS taxes, in terms of their ENDS use and spillovers into marijuana use, appear to moderate over the longer term. We find no evidence that ENDS taxes affect drug treatment admissions or consumption of illicit drugs other than marijuana such as cocaine, methamphetamine, or opioids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does knowing the costs of other physicians affect doctors’ referrals?","authors":"Scott Barkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patient referrals from primary care physicians (PCPs) to specialists are common in the American health care industry, but are typically made without any knowledge of relative specialist costs. In this study, I estimate the effect of providing such information to PCPs on referral patterns. Implementing a field experiment with an Independent Practice Association (IPA), I sent a list of average costs for new ophthalmology referrals to randomly chosen primary care medical practices. Using administrative referral data, I find that PCPs increased referral share to less costly ophthalmology practices during the first two months after treatment by 4.6 percentage points for each reduction in costliness rank (e.g., each rank closer to the least expensive). Effects were only found for patients for whom the PCPs had cost reduction incentives, and dissipated over the following four months. For the patients whose referrals were affected, I estimate that the expected cost to the IPA of a referral to ophthalmology fell during the first two months by about $80 (45% of pre-intervention referral cost).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther Arenas-Arroyo , Daniel Fernandez-Kranz , Natalia Nollenberger
{"title":"High speed internet and the widening gender gap in adolescent mental health: Evidence from Spanish hospital records","authors":"Esther Arenas-Arroyo , Daniel Fernandez-Kranz , Natalia Nollenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We exploit variations in fiber optic (FTTH) deployment to assess the impact of high-speed internet access on adolescent mental health. Our findings reveal that FTTH access increases addictive Internet usage and reduces time allocated to sleep, homework, as well as social interactions with family and friends. Access to FTTH increases mental health diagnoses in hospitals and contributes to a notable rise in adolescent suicide rates, particularly among girls. As new platforms and apps gain traction among adolescents, understanding the impact of connectivity improvement becomes important. This is especially relevant given the current FTTH growth replacing older broadband technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerald J. Pruckner, Flora Stiftinger, Katrin Zocher
{"title":"When women take over: Physician gender and health care provision","authors":"Gerald J. Pruckner, Flora Stiftinger, Katrin Zocher","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2025.103000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The share of female physicians has risen in OECD countries in recent decades, but we know little about the effects of physician gender on patient health care use. We exploit quasi-random assignment of primary care providers (PCPs) to existing PCP practices and patients and estimate the causal effect of female PCPs on health care provision. Using Austrian register data and a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that female PCPs generate 15% less revenue and see 7% fewer patients than male PCPs. Shifting the focus to patient-level outcomes, we observe that health care utilization remains largely unchanged following assignment to a female physician. However, results show that patients are more likely to leave PCP practices with female successors. Our results do not support the idea that the decision to change PCP is driven by preferences against being treated by female physicians. Instead, our analysis suggests that the observed differences are partly explained by female PCPs working fewer hours, especially those facing working time restrictions. As the share of female physicians continues to rise, measures to increase work flexibility may be necessary to maintain broad access to outpatient health care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}