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Does drug decriminalization increase unintentional drug overdose deaths? 毒品非刑事化会增加非故意的药物过量死亡吗?
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102798
Noah Spencer
{"title":"Does drug decriminalization increase unintentional drug overdose deaths?","authors":"Noah Spencer","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper evaluates the causal effect of drug </span>decriminalization<span> on unintentional drug overdose deaths in a context with relatively poor access to drug treatment services. Using the synthetic control method, I find that when Oregon decriminalized small amounts of drugs in February 2021, it caused 182 additional unintentional drug overdose deaths to occur in Oregon in 2021. This represents a 23% increase over the number of unintentional drug overdose deaths predicted if Oregon had not decriminalized drugs.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mothers as insurance: Family spillovers in WIC 母亲作为保险：WIC中的家庭溢出效应。
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102784
Marianne Bitler , Janet Currie , Hilary Hoynes , Krista Ruffini , Lisa Schulkind , Barton Willage
{"title":"Mothers as insurance: Family spillovers in WIC","authors":"Marianne Bitler ,&nbsp;Janet Currie ,&nbsp;Hilary Hoynes ,&nbsp;Krista Ruffini ,&nbsp;Lisa Schulkind ,&nbsp;Barton Willage","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a widely used program. Previous research shows that WIC improves birth outcomes, but evidence about impacts on older children and their families is limited. We use a regression discontinuity leveraging a loss of benefits at age five when children become ineligible for WIC and examine nutritional and laboratory outcomes for adults and children. We find little impact on children who aged out of the program. But caloric intake falls and food insecurity increases among adult women, suggesting that mothers protect children by consuming less themselves. We find no effect on others in the household.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10333258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pricing regulations in individual health insurance: Evidence from Medigap 个人健康保险的定价规则：来自Medigap的证据。
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102785
Vilsa E. Curto
{"title":"Pricing regulations in individual health insurance: Evidence from Medigap","authors":"Vilsa E. Curto","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I compare two pricing regulations that protect those with health conditions—“community rating,” which requires insurers to charge uniform premiums, and “guaranteed renewal,” which requires insurers to increase future premiums uniformly. Using individual-level Medigap data from 2006–2010, I compare individuals within 25 miles of borders between 3 community rating and 6 guaranteed renewal states. Relative to guaranteed renewal, community rating (with guaranteed issue) leads to a decrease in Medigap enrollment of 9.70 pp (29.7%), or 26.8–33.7% for low-spending conditions (diabetes, heart disease) and 21.9–29.9% for high-spending conditions (cancer, kidney disease); an increase in annual Medigap premiums of $276 (10.1%); a decrease in the likelihood of an earlier purchase of 7.99 pp (50.3%); and an increase in purchase delay of 1.08 years (17.0%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10281058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond particulate matter: New evidence on the causal effects of air pollution on mortality 颗粒物之外：关于空气污染对死亡率的因果影响的新证据。
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102799
Maoyong Fan , Hanchen Jiang , Maigeng Zhou
{"title":"Beyond particulate matter: New evidence on the causal effects of air pollution on mortality","authors":"Maoyong Fan ,&nbsp;Hanchen Jiang ,&nbsp;Maigeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The increasing demand for electricity worldwide has caused a corresponding rise in the consumption of coal, leading to an increase in sulfur dioxide (</span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) pollution levels. Despite the severity of the issue, there is a lack of conclusive evidence establishing a causal link between <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> pollution and health, particularly in developing countries. We leverage a large national environmental regulation policy, implemented in China to reduce <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions, to estimate the impacts of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> pollution on mortality. We find that 1-<span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span>/<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> reduction in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span><span> concentrations leads to 18 fewer cardiovascular deaths per 100,000 people aged 60 years and above (0.9% decrease) and 2 fewer deaths per 100,000 children under the age of 5 (1.5% decrease) annually. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the total health benefits of the environmental policy outweigh its economic costs. The results are consistent across various robustness checks.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10282456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heat and worker health 高温和工人健康。
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102800
Andrew Ireland, David Johnston, Rachel Knott
{"title":"Heat and worker health","authors":"Andrew Ireland,&nbsp;David Johnston,&nbsp;Rachel Knott","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme heat negatively impacts cognition, learning, and task performance. With increasing global temperatures, workers may therefore be at increased risk of work-related injuries and illness. This study estimates the effects of temperature on worker health using records spanning 1985–2020 from an Australian mandatory insurance scheme. High temperatures are found to cause significantly more claims, particularly among manual workers in outdoor-based industries. These adverse effects have not diminished across time, with the largest effect observed for the 2015–2020 period, indicating increasing vulnerability to heat. Within occupations, the workers most adversely affected by heat are female, older-aged and higher-earning. Finally, results from firm-level panel analyses show that the percentage increase in claims on hot days is largest at \"safer\" firms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10281900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An optimal mechanism to fund the development of vaccines against emerging epidemics 为开发新出现流行病的疫苗提供资金的最佳机制。
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102795
Christopher M. Snyder , Kendall Hoyt , Dimitrios Gouglas
{"title":"An optimal mechanism to fund the development of vaccines against emerging epidemics","authors":"Christopher M. Snyder ,&nbsp;Kendall Hoyt ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Gouglas","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We derive the optimal funding mechanism to incentivize development and production of vaccines against diseases<span> with epidemic potential. In the model, suppliers’ costs are private information and investments are noncontractible, precluding cost-reimbursement contracts, requiring fixed-price contracts conditioned on delivery of a successful product. The high failure risk for individual vaccines calls for incentivizing multiple entrants, accomplished by the optimal mechanism, a </span></span><span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-price reverse Vickrey auction with reserve, where <span><math><mi>w</mi></math></span> is the number of selected entrants. Our analysis determines the optimal number of entrants and required funding level. Based on a distribution of supplier costs estimated from survey data, we simulate the optimal mechanism’s performance in scenarios ranging from a small outbreak, causing harm in the millions of dollars, to the Covid-19 pandemic, causing harm in the trillions. We assess which mechanism features contribute most to its optimality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10280498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and mental health treatment 成为一名医生对处方药使用和心理健康治疗的影响。
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102774
D. Mark Anderson , Ron Diris , Raymond Montizaan , Daniel I. Rees
{"title":"The effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and mental health treatment","authors":"D. Mark Anderson ,&nbsp;Ron Diris ,&nbsp;Raymond Montizaan ,&nbsp;Daniel I. Rees","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is evidence that physicians disproportionately suffer from substance use disorder and mental health problems<span>. It is not clear, however, whether these phenomena are causal. We use data on Dutch medical school applicants to examine the effects of becoming a physician on prescription drug use and the receipt of treatment from a mental health facility. Leveraging variation from lottery outcomes that determine admission into medical schools, we find that becoming a physician increases the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, opioids, and sedatives. Increases in the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedatives are larger among female physicians than among their male counterparts.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10283061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of organized screening programs on breast cancer screening, incidence, and mortality in Europe 有组织的筛查项目对欧洲乳腺癌筛查、发病率和死亡率的影响
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102803
Sophie Guthmuller , Vincenzo Carrieri , Ansgar Wübker
{"title":"Effects of organized screening programs on breast cancer screening, incidence, and mortality in Europe","authors":"Sophie Guthmuller ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Carrieri ,&nbsp;Ansgar Wübker","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We link data on regional Organized Screening Programs (OSPs) throughout Europe with survey data and population-based cancer registries to estimate effects of OSPs on breast cancer screening (mammography), incidence, and mortality. Identification is from regional variation in the existence and timing of OSPs, and in their age-eligibility criteria. We estimate that OSPs, on average, increase mammography by 25 percentage points, increase breast cancer incidence by 16% five years after the OSPs implementation, and reduce breast cancer mortality by about 10% ten years after.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10561281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The rise and fall of SES gradients in heights around the world. 世界各地高度的SES梯度的上升和下降。
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4127021
A. Lleras-Muney, Alessandro Tarozzi, E. Aurino, Brendan Tinoco
{"title":"The rise and fall of SES gradients in heights around the world.","authors":"A. Lleras-Muney, Alessandro Tarozzi, E. Aurino, Brendan Tinoco","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4127021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4127021","url":null,"abstract":"We use data from a large sample of low- and middle-income countries to study the association (or \"gradient\") between child height and maternal education. We show that the gap in height between high- and low-SES children is small at birth, rises throughout childhood, and declines in adolescence as girls and boys go through puberty. This inverted U-shaped pattern is consistent with a degree of catch-up in linear height among children of low- relative to high-SES families, in partial contrast to the argument that height deficits cannot be overcome after the early years of life. This finding appears to be explained by the association between SES and the timing of puberty and therefore of the adolescent growth spurt: low-SES children start their adolescent growth spurt later and stop growing at later ages as well.","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43537053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
On the bright side of market concentration in a mixed-oligopoly healthcare industry 在混合寡头垄断的医疗保健行业中，市场集中度的光明一面
IF 3.5 2区 经济学
Journal of Health Economics Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102771
Michele Bisceglia , Jorge Padilla , Salvatore Piccolo , Pekka Sääskilahti
{"title":"On the bright side of market concentration in a mixed-oligopoly healthcare industry","authors":"Michele Bisceglia ,&nbsp;Jorge Padilla ,&nbsp;Salvatore Piccolo ,&nbsp;Pekka Sääskilahti","doi":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe the healthcare industry<span> as a mixed oligopoly<span>, where a public and two private providers compete, and examine the effects of a merger<span> between the two private healthcare providers on prices, quality, and welfare. When the price and (eventually) quality of the public provider are regulated, the cost synergies required for the merger to increase consumer welfare are less significant than in a setting with only profit-maximizing providers. When, instead, the public provider can adjust its policy to the rivals’ behavior and maximizes a weighted sum of profits and consumer surplus (i.e., it has ‘semi-altruistic’ preferences), the merger is consumer surplus increasing if the public provider is sufficiently altruist, in some cases even absent efficiencies. These results suggest that ignoring the role and objectives of the public sector in the healthcare industry may lead agencies to reject mergers that, while would decrease consumer welfare in fully privatized industries, would increase it in mixed oligopolies.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9851757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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