GM Crops & Food最新文献_第4页

Evaluation of genetically modified sugarcane lines carrying Cry 1AC gene using molecular marker techniques. 用分子标记技术评价携带cry1ac基因的甘蔗转基因品系。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.24299

Roba M Ismail

{"title":"Evaluation of genetically modified sugarcane lines carrying Cry 1AC gene using molecular marker techniques.","authors":"Roba M Ismail","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.24299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.24299","url":null,"abstract":"Five genetically modified insect resistant sugarcane lines harboring the Bt Cry 1AC gene to produce insecticidal proteins were compared with non-transgenic control by using three types of molecular marker techniques namely, RAPD, ISSR and AFLP. These techniques were applied on transgenic and non-transgenic plants to investigate the genetic variations, which may appear in sugarcane clones. This variation might demonstrate the genomic changes associated with the transformation process, which could change important molecular basis of various biological phenomena. Genetic variations were screened using 22 different RAPD primers, 10 ISSR primers and 13 AFLP primer combinations. Analysis of RAPD and ISSR banding patterns gave no exclusive evidence for genetic variations. Meanwhile, the percentage of polymorphic bands was 0.45% in each of RAPD and ISSR, while the polymorphism generated by AFLP analysis was 1.8%. The maximum percentage of polymorphic bands was 1.4%, 1.1% and 5.5% in RAPD, ISSR and AFLP, respectively. These results demonstrate that most transgenic lines showed genomic homogeneity and verified minor genomic changes. Dendrograms revealing the relationships among the transgenic and control plants were developed from the data of each of the three marker types.","PeriodicalId":501763,"journal":{"name":"GM Crops & Food","volume":" ","pages":"58-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.24299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40244267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Optimization of transient gene expression system in Gerbera jemosonii petals. 非洲菊花瓣瞬时基因表达体系的优化。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.23925

Gihan M Hussein, Ghada A Abu El-Heba, Sara M Abdou, Naglaa A Abdallah

{"title":"Optimization of transient gene expression system in Gerbera jemosonii petals.","authors":"Gihan M Hussein, Ghada A Abu El-Heba, Sara M Abdou, Naglaa A Abdallah","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.23925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.23925","url":null,"abstract":"Low transformation efficiency and long generation time for production of transgenic Gerbera jemosonii plants leads to vulnerable gene function studies. Thus, transient expression of genes would be an efficient alternative. In this investigation, a transient expression system for gerbera petals based on the Agrobacterium infiltration protocol was developed using the reporter genes β-glucuronidase (gus) and green florescence protein (gfp). Results revealed the incapability of using the gfp gene as a reporter gene for transient expression study in gerbera flowers due to the detection of green fluorescent color in the non-infiltrated gerbera flower petals. However, the gus reporter gene was successfully utilized for optimizing and obtaining the suitable agroinfiltration system in gerbera flowers. The expression of GUS was detectable after three days of agroinfiltration in gerbera cultivars \"Express\" and \"White Grizzly\" with dark pink and white flower colors, respectively. The vacuum agroinfiltration protocol has been applied on the cultivar \"Express\" for evaluating the transient expression of the two genes involved in the anthocyanin pathway (iris-dfr and petunia-f3' 5'h), which is responsible for the color in flowers. In comparison to the control, transient expression results showed change in the anthocyanin pigment in all infiltrated flowers with color genes. Additionally, blue color was detected in the stigma and pollen grains in the infiltrated flowers. Moreover, blue colors with variant intensities were observed in produced calli during the routine work of stable transformation with f3' 5'h gene.","PeriodicalId":501763,"journal":{"name":"GM Crops & Food","volume":" ","pages":"50-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.23925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40226263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Effect of growth hormones on some antioxidant parameters and gene expression in tomato. 生长激素对番茄某些抗氧化参数及基因表达的影响。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.24324

Lamiaa F El-Gaied, Ghada A Abu El-Heba, Nahla A El-Sherif

{"title":"Effect of growth hormones on some antioxidant parameters and gene expression in tomato.","authors":"Lamiaa F El-Gaied, Ghada A Abu El-Heba, Nahla A El-Sherif","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.24324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.24324","url":null,"abstract":"Bioregulators have a great effect on vital processes of plant growth and development. Known plant bioregulators include Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Natural or synthetic plant bioregulators are organic compounds that affect the physiological processes in the plant, either to control some of these processes or to modify them. For example these bioregulators can affect the nature of the process, either by accelerating or decelerating plant growth, rates of maturation and also by altering the behavior of the plants or their products. Also, enhancement of important nutrients in human diet could be achieved by bioregulators. This study uses the model crop plant Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Tomato is affected by a group of bioregulators, this group contains compounds which are powerful antioxidants in vitro. The current study aims to find out the effect of some plant bioregulators (IAA, IBA and NAA) on tomato growth, total protein content and enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). This study also investigates the effect of the above mentioned bioregulators on the level of RNA expression for SOD, CAT and TPX1 genes. The analytical quantification of target gene expression showed the induced effect of NAA on SOD expression and reducing effect of the other bioregulators (IAA and IBA) on CAT and TPX1 expression. However, at the protein level, we found that IBA and IAA caused a minor effect on total protein content while a significant effect was recorded on the total protein level using NAA. Upon measuring the enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, we found that both the exogenous NAA and IBA stimulated ascorbate peroxidase activity in tomato while there was no considerable difference detected in IAA treated plants. Also, there was no considerable difference detected in catalase activity of all bioregulator-treated plants compared with the control.","PeriodicalId":501763,"journal":{"name":"GM Crops & Food","volume":" ","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.24324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40244269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

The global income and production effects of genetically modified (GM) crops 1996-2011. 1996-2011年转基因作物对全球收入和生产的影响

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.24176

Graham Brookes, Peter Barfoot

{"title":"The global income and production effects of genetically modified (GM) crops 1996-2011.","authors":"Graham Brookes, Peter Barfoot","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.24176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.24176","url":null,"abstract":"A key part of any assessment of the global value of crop biotechnology in agriculture is an examination of its economic impact at the farm level. This paper follows earlier annual studies which examined economic impacts on yields, key costs of production, direct farm income and effects and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. The commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops has continued to occur at a rapid rate, with important changes in both the overall level of adoption and impact occurring in 2011. This annual updated analysis shows that there have been very significant net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $19.8 billion in 2011 and $98.2 billion for the 16 year period (in nominal terms). The majority (51.2%) of these gains went to farmers in developing countries. GM technology have also made important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops, having added 110 million tonnes and 195 million tonnes respectively, to the global production of soybeans and maize since the introduction of the technology in the mid-1990s.","PeriodicalId":501763,"journal":{"name":"GM Crops & Food","volume":" ","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.24176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40244272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 72

Genetically engineered vegetables expressing proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis for insect resistance: successes, disappointments, challenges and ways to move forward. 表达苏云金芽孢杆菌蛋白的抗虫基因工程蔬菜:成功、失望、挑战和前进的道路。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.19762

Anthony M Shelton

{"title":"Genetically engineered vegetables expressing proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis for insect resistance: successes, disappointments, challenges and ways to move forward.","authors":"Anthony M Shelton","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.19762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.19762","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically engineered (GE) insect-resistant crops that express proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely adopted in the two field crops currently commercially available, Bt cotton and Bt corn. However, the development and commercialization of Bt vegetables has lagged in comparison, which is unfortunate since vegetables tend to be insecticide-intensive crops due to high pest pressure and cosmetic standards required for the market. While it is often stated that consumer choice has played a major role in companies avoiding development of Bt vegetables, this concept requires re-evaluation. In market studies in North America when consumers have been provided basic information about Bt genetic engineering, then given a choice between Bt and conventional sweet corn, they have often preferred the former. Likewise, 77% of consumers in a US survey said they would likely purchase foods produced through biotechnology for their ability to reduce pesticide use. Presently, however, the only commercialized Bt vegetable is sweet corn. Perhaps more critical obstacles to Bt vegetables are their relatively smaller acreages and the cost of government biosafety regulations that inadvertently favor large acreage of field crops because companies can obtain a better return on investment. In developing countries, private-public partnerships may provide the vehicle to bring Bt vegetables to market. However, these can be subverted by misinformation from anti-biotech campaigns, as is the case with Bt eggplant in India. Without the use of Bt vegetables as a tool for integrated pest management, farmers and the general public will not be able to realize the substantial environmental and economic benefits that have been well documented with Bt cotton and Bt corn.","PeriodicalId":501763,"journal":{"name":"GM Crops & Food","volume":" ","pages":"175-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.19762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Surveying of pollen-mediated crop-to-crop gene flow from a wheat field trial as a biosafety measure. 作为生物安全措施的花粉介导的小麦作物间基因流动调查。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.19512

Andrea Foetzki, Carolina Diaz Quijano, Odile Moullet, Alessandro Fammartino, Yvan Kneubuehler, Fabio Mascher, Christof Sautter, Franz Bigler

{"title":"Surveying of pollen-mediated crop-to-crop gene flow from a wheat field trial as a biosafety measure.","authors":"Andrea Foetzki, Carolina Diaz Quijano, Odile Moullet, Alessandro Fammartino, Yvan Kneubuehler, Fabio Mascher, Christof Sautter, Franz Bigler","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.19512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.19512","url":null,"abstract":"Outcrosses from genetically modified (GM) to conventional crops by pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) are a concern when growing GM crops close to non-GM fields. This also applies to the experimental releases of GM plants in field trials. Therefore, biosafety measures such as isolation distances and surveying of PMGF are required by the regulatory authorities in Switzerland. For two and three years, respectively, we monitored crop-to-crop PMGF from GM wheat field trials in two locations in Switzerland. The pollen donors were two GM spring wheat lines with enhanced fungal resistance and a herbicide tolerance as a selection marker. Seeds from the experimental plots were sampled to test the detection method for outcrosses. Two outcrosses were found adjacent to a transgenic plot within the experimental area. For the survey of PMGF, pollen receptor plots of the conventional wheat variety Frisal used for transformation were planted in the border crop and around the experimental field up to a distance of 200 m. Although the environmental conditions were favorable and the donor and receptor plots flowered at the same time, only three outcrosses were found in approximately 185,000 tested seedlings from seeds collected outside the experimental area. All three hybrids were found in the border crop surrounding the experimental area, but none outside the field. We conclude that a pollen barrier (border crop) and an additional isolation distance of 5 m is a sufficient measure to reduce PMGF from a GM wheat field trial to cleistogamous varieties in commercial fields below a level that can be detected.","PeriodicalId":501763,"journal":{"name":"GM Crops & Food","volume":" ","pages":"115-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.19512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40185593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Development of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technology for mature seed-derived callus tissues of indica rice cultivar IR64. 农杆菌介导籼稻IR64种子愈伤组织成熟转化技术的研究。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.20032

Ranjan Kumar Sahoo, Narendra Tuteja

{"title":"Development of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technology for mature seed-derived callus tissues of indica rice cultivar IR64.","authors":"Ranjan Kumar Sahoo, Narendra Tuteja","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.20032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.20032","url":null,"abstract":"Indica rice cultivar IR64 is most recalcitrant to regenerate, which affects the transformation efficiency especially when mature seed-derived callus tissues are used as explants. Therefore, a simple, rapid and improved genetic transformation protocol has been developed for the indica rice cultivar IR64 using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. With different hormonal combination tested, the maximum callus induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.15 mg/l BAP from the scutellum explants. Three weeks old scutellum derived callus explants were immersed in Agrobacterium suspension (strain LBA4404, OD600=1.0) and co-cultured at 26±2°C in dark for 2 d. The maximum transformation efficiency (12%) was achieved with infection of callus explants for 20 min along with use of 150 μm acetosyringone. The maximum plant regeneration was observed on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l Kinetin and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The maximum root induction was observed on MS medium along with 10 g/l glucose and 20 g/l sucrose. The integration of the transgene in T1 transgenic plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses. The copy number of transgenes has been found to vary from 1 to 2 in transgenic plants. By using this improved method we have successfully raised transgenic rice plants within 3 mo from seed inoculation to plant regeneration.","PeriodicalId":501763,"journal":{"name":"GM Crops & Food","volume":" ","pages":"123-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.20032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Global impact of biotech crops: environmental effects, 1996-2010. 转基因作物的全球影响:环境影响，1996-2010。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.20061

Graham Brookes, Peter Barfoot

引用次数: 56

Indian farmers need help to feed over 1.5 billion people in 2030. 到2030年，印度农民需要帮助养活超过15亿人。

IF 3.9

GM Crops & Food Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.19541

Mittur N Jagadish

引用次数: 3

GM in the media. 通用汽车在媒体上。