Psychological Research最新文献_第9页

More or less of me and you: self-relevance augments the effects of item probability on stimulus prioritization. 或多或少我和你:自我关联增强了项目概率对刺激优先级的影响。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01562-x

Saga L Svensson, Marius Golubickis, Hollie Maclean, Johanna K Falbén, Linn M Persson, Dimitra Tsamadi, Siobhan Caughey, Arash Sahraie, C Neil Macrae

{"title":"More or less of me and you: self-relevance augments the effects of item probability on stimulus prioritization.","authors":"Saga L Svensson, Marius Golubickis, Hollie Maclean, Johanna K Falbén, Linn M Persson, Dimitra Tsamadi, Siobhan Caughey, Arash Sahraie, C Neil Macrae","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01562-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01562-x","url":null,"abstract":"Self-relevance exerts a powerful influence on information processing. Compared to material associated with other people, personally meaningful stimuli are prioritized during decision-making. Further exploring the character of this effect, here we considered the extent to which stimulus enhancement is impacted by the frequency of self-relevant versus friend-relevant material. In a matching task, participants reported whether shape-label stimulus pairs corresponded to previously learned associations (e.g., triangle = self, square = friend). Crucially however, before the task commenced, stimulus-based expectancies were provided indicating the probability with which both self- and friend-related shapes would be encountered. The results revealed that task performance was impacted by the frequency of stimulus presentation in combination with the personal relevance of the items. When self- and friend-related shapes appeared with equal frequencies, a self-prioritization effect emerged (Expt. 1). Additionally, in both confirmatory (Expt. 2) and dis-confirmatory (Expt. 3) task contexts, stimuli that were encountered frequently (vs. infrequently) were prioritized, an effect that was most pronounced for self-relevant (vs. friend-relevant) items. Further computational analyses indicated that, in each of the reported experiments, differences in performance were underpinned by variation in the rate of information uptake, with evidence extracted more rapidly from self-relevant compared to friend-relevant stimuli. These findings advance our understanding of the emergence and origin of stimulus-prioritization effects during decisional processing.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1145-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9090897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39257286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Haptic object recognition based on shape relates to visual object recognition ability. 基于形状的触觉物体识别涉及到视觉物体识别能力。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01560-z

Jason K Chow, Thomas J Palmeri, Isabel Gauthier

{"title":"Haptic object recognition based on shape relates to visual object recognition ability.","authors":"Jason K Chow, Thomas J Palmeri, Isabel Gauthier","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01560-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01560-z","url":null,"abstract":"Visual object recognition depends in large part on a domain-general ability (Richler et al. Psychol Rev 126(2): 226-251, 2019). Given evidence pointing towards shared mechanisms for object perception across vision and touch, we ask whether individual differences in haptic and visual object recognition are related. We use existing validated visual tests to estimate visual object recognition ability and relate it to performance on two novel tests of haptic object recognition ability (n = 66). One test includes complex objects that participants chose to explore with a hand grasp. The other test uses a simpler stimulus set that participants chose to explore with just their fingertips. Only performance on the haptic test with complex stimuli correlated with visual object recognition ability, suggesting a shared source of variance across task structures, stimuli, and modalities. A follow-up study using a visual version of the haptic test with simple stimuli shows a correlation with the original visual tests, suggesting that the limited complexity of the stimuli did not limit correlation with visual object recognition ability. Instead, we propose that the manner of exploration may be a critical factor in whether a haptic test relates to visual object recognition ability. Our results suggest a perceptual ability that spans at least across vision and touch, however, it may not be recruited during just fingertip exploration.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1262-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01560-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39289695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Mnemonic attention in analogy to perceptual attention: harmony but not uniformity. 与知觉注意类似的助记注意:和谐而非一致。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01556-9

Sizhu Han, Yixuan Ku

{"title":"Mnemonic attention in analogy to perceptual attention: harmony but not uniformity.","authors":"Sizhu Han, Yixuan Ku","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01556-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01556-9","url":null,"abstract":"It has been found that a spatial cue in perception causes benefits through target facilitation at low external noise but noise reduction at high external noise. Assuming that mnemonic attention is similar to perceptual attention, we propose that how a spatial retro-cue is used depends on internal noise. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated internal noise with memory load. We focused on questioning whether/why there was a difference between peripheral and central retro-cues at low or high internal noise. In Experiments 1 and 2, we consistently found that peripheral retro-cues were more effective than central retro-cues at low internal noise. Results from Experiments 3-5 showed that this difference was due to a voluntary process of target facilitation, which happened much earlier on peripheral than central retro-cue trials. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis and indicated that mnemonic attention and perceptual attention could be incorporated into one framework. Nevertheless, spatial retro-cues, including peripheral ones, relied on voluntary control to become effective, different from peripheral cues in perception. To conclude, our findings suggest that the effects of spatial cues on memory and perception are similar but not identical.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1274-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01556-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39168100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Day versus night consolidation of implicit sequence learning using manual and oculomotor activation versions of the serial reaction time task: reaction time and anticipation measures. 使用手动和动眼肌激活版本的连续反应时间任务的内隐序列学习的日间和夜间巩固:反应时间和预期测量。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01534-1

Eli Vakil, Moran Hayout, Matan Maler, Simone Schwizer Ashkenazi

{"title":"Day versus night consolidation of implicit sequence learning using manual and oculomotor activation versions of the serial reaction time task: reaction time and anticipation measures.","authors":"Eli Vakil, Moran Hayout, Matan Maler, Simone Schwizer Ashkenazi","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01534-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01534-1","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents two experiments that explored consolidation of implicit sequence learning based on two dependent variables-reaction time (RT) and correct anticipations to clarify the role of sleep, and whether the manual component is necessary for consolidation processes. Experiment 1 (n = 37) explored the performance of adults using an ocular variant of the serial reaction time task (O-SRT) with manual activation (MA), and Experiment 2 (n = 37) used the ocular activation (OA) version of the task. Each experiment consisted of a Day and a Night group that performed two sessions of the O-SRT with an intervening 12-h offline period (morning/evening in Day group, evening/following morning in Night group). Night offline had an advantage only when manual response was required and when correct anticipations (i.e., accuracy) but not RT (i.e., speed) were measured. We associated this finding with the dual-learning processes required in the MA O-SRT that led to increased sequence specific learning overnight. When using the OA O-SRT, both groups demonstrated similar rates after offline in RT and correct anticipations. We interpreted this finding to reflect stabilization, which confirmed our hypothesis. As expected, all the groups demonstrated reduced performance when another sequence was introduced, thus reflecting sequence-specific learning. This study used a powerful procedure that allows measurement of implicit sequence learning in several ways: by evaluating two different measures (RT, correct anticipations) and by isolating different aspects of the task (i.e., with/without the manual learning component, more/less general skill learning), which are known to affect learning and consolidation.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"983-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01534-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39084063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Math anxiety relates positively to metacognitive insight into mathematical decision making. 数学焦虑与数学决策的元认知洞察力呈正相关。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01511-8

Kobe Desender, Delphine Sasanguie

{"title":"Math anxiety relates positively to metacognitive insight into mathematical decision making.","authors":"Kobe Desender, Delphine Sasanguie","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01511-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01511-8","url":null,"abstract":"The current study reports a pre-registered investigation into the interrelations between mathematics anxiety, metacognition and mathematical decision-making. Although this question has already received some attention in previous work, reliance on self-report measures of metacognition has hindered its interpretation. Here, a novel experimental mathematical decision-making task was used in which participants solved mathematical assignments of varying difficulty, and expressed their level of confidence in the accuracy of their decision both prospectively and retrospectively. Mathematics anxiety was measured using a standardized questionnaire. Both prospective and retrospective confidence judgments predicted unique variation in accuracy; however, the explanatory effect of prospective confidence disappeared after taking task difficulty into account. This suggests that prospective, but not retrospective, confidence is largely based on easily available cues indicative of performance. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that individual differences in mathematics anxiety were negatively related to the overall level of confidence (both prospectively and retrospectively), and positively related to metacognitive efficiency (only prospectively). Having insight in these interrelationships is important in the context of remediating mathematics anxiety, which might in turn be useful with regard to the worldwide need for more workers with degrees in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM).","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01511-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38926710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Biliteracy and acquisition of novel written words: the impact of phonological conflict between L1 and L2 scripts. 双语与小说文字习得:母语和第二语言语音冲突的影响。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01529-y

Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto, Grigory Kopytin, Andriy Myachykov, Yang Fu, Mikhail Pokhoday, Yury Shtyrov

{"title":"Biliteracy and acquisition of novel written words: the impact of phonological conflict between L1 and L2 scripts.","authors":"Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto, Grigory Kopytin, Andriy Myachykov, Yang Fu, Mikhail Pokhoday, Yury Shtyrov","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01529-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01529-y","url":null,"abstract":"The acquisition of new orthographic representations is a rapid and accurate process in proficient monolingual readers. The present study used biliterate and bialphabetic population to address the impact of phonological inconsistencies across the native (L1) and second (L2) alphabets. Naming latencies were collected from 50 Russian-English biliterates through a reading-aloud task with familiar and novel word forms repeated across 10 blocks. There were three Script conditions: (1) native Cyrillic, (2) non-native Roman, and (3) Ambiguous (with graphically identical, but phonologically inconsistent graphemes shared by both alphabets). Our analysis revealed the main effect of Script on both reading and orthographic learning: naming latencies during training were longer for the ambiguous stimuli, particularly for the novel ones. Nonetheless, novel word forms in the ambiguous condition approached the latencies for the familiar words along the exposures, although this effect was faster in the phonologically consistent trials. Post-training tests revealed similarly successful performance patterns for previously familiar and newly trained forms, indicating successful rapid acquisition of the latter. Furthermore, we found the highest free recall rates for the ambiguous stimuli. Overall, our results indicate that phonological inconsistency initially interferes with the efficiency of novel word encoding. Nevertheless, it does not prevent efficient attribution of orthographic representations; instead, the knowledge of two distinct alphabets supports a more efficient learning and a better memory for ambiguous stimuli via enhancing their encoding and retrieval.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"871-890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01529-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38992666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The effects of posture on mind wandering. 姿势对走神的影响。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01531-4

Xinrui Yang, Binbin Qian, Xinqi Zhou, Yajun Zhao, Lu Wang, Zhijun Zhang

引用次数: 0

Here's looking at you: eye gaze and collaborative recall. 这是在看你:眼神凝视和协同回忆。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01533-2

Celia B Harris, Penny Van Bergen, Sophia A Harris, Nina McIlwain, Amael Arguel

{"title":"Here's looking at you: eye gaze and collaborative recall.","authors":"Celia B Harris, Penny Van Bergen, Sophia A Harris, Nina McIlwain, Amael Arguel","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01533-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01533-2","url":null,"abstract":"In everyday life, we remember together often. Surprisingly, research reliably shows costs of collaboration. People remember less in groups than the same number of individuals remember separately. However, there is evidence that some groups are more successful than others, depending on factors such as group relationship and verbal communication strategies. To understand further the characteristics of more successful vs. less successful collaborative groups, we examined whether non-verbal eye gaze behaviour was associated with group outcomes. We used eye tracking glasses to measure how much collaborating dyads looked at each other during collaborative recall, and examined whether individual differences in eye- and face-directed gaze were associated with collaborative performance. Increased eye- and face-directed gaze was associated with higher collaborative recall performance, more explicit strategy use, more post-collaborative benefits, and increased memory overlap. However, it was also associated with pre-collaborative recall, indicating that gaze during collaboration may at least partially reflect pre-existing abilities. This research helps elucidate individual differences that underlie the outcomes of collaborative recall, and suggests that non-verbal communication differentiates more vs. less successful collaborative groups.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"769-779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01533-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39067640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Closing the door to false memory: the effects of levels-of-processing and stimulus type on the rejection of perceptually vs. semantically dissimilar distractors. 关闭错误记忆的大门:加工水平和刺激类型对拒绝知觉与语义不同的干扰物的影响。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01544-z

Marek Nieznański, Michał Obidziński

{"title":"Closing the door to false memory: the effects of levels-of-processing and stimulus type on the rejection of perceptually vs. semantically dissimilar distractors.","authors":"Marek Nieznański, Michał Obidziński","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01544-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01544-z","url":null,"abstract":"False recognition memory for nonstudied items that share features with targets can be reduced by retrieval monitoring mechanisms. The recall-to-reject process, for example, involves the recollection of information about studied items that disqualifies inconsistent test probes. Monitoring for specific features during retrieval may be enhanced by an encoding orientation that is recapitulated during retrieval. In two experiments, we used concrete words or door scenes as materials and manipulated the level of processing at study and the type of distractors presented at test. We showed that for the verbal material, semantic level of processing at study results in an effective rejection of semantically inconsistent distractors. However, for the pictorial material, the perceptual level of processing leads to an effective rejection of perceptually inconsistent distractors. For targets, the effect of levels of processing was observed for words but not for pictures. The results suggest that retrieval monitoring mechanisms depend on interactions between encoding orientation, study materials, and differentiating features of distractors.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"968-982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01544-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Learning of across- and within-task contingencies modulates partial-repetition costs in dual-tasking. 任务间和任务内随变的学习调节了双任务中的部分重复成本。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01518-1

Lasse Pelzer, Christoph Naefgen, Robert Gaschler, Hilde Haider

{"title":"Learning of across- and within-task contingencies modulates partial-repetition costs in dual-tasking.","authors":"Lasse Pelzer, Christoph Naefgen, Robert Gaschler, Hilde Haider","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01518-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01518-1","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-task costs might result from confusions on the task-set level as both tasks are not represented as distinct task-sets, but rather being integrated into a single task-set. This suggests that events in the two tasks are stored and retrieved together as an integrated memory episode. In a series of three experiments, we tested for such integrated task processing and whether it can be modulated by regularities between the stimuli of the two tasks (across-task contingencies) or by sequential regularities within one of the tasks (within-task contingencies). Building on the experimental approach of feature binding in action control, we tested whether the participants in a dual-tasking experiment will show partial-repetition costs: they should be slower when only the stimulus in one of the two tasks is repeated from Trial n - 1 to Trial n than when the stimuli in both tasks repeat. In all three experiments, the participants processed a visual-manual and an auditory-vocal tone-discrimination task which were always presented concurrently. In Experiment 1, we show that retrieval of Trial n - 1 episodes is stable across practice if the stimulus material is drawn randomly. Across-task contingencies (Experiment 2) and sequential regularities within a task (Experiment 3) can compete with n - 1-based retrieval leading to a reduction of partial-repetition costs with practice. Overall the results suggest that participants do not separate the processing of the two tasks, yet, within-task contingencies might reduce integrated task processing.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"952-967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01518-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38904962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6