Psychological Research最新文献_第10页

The effect of binaural beat stimulation on sustained attention. 双耳节拍刺激对持续注意的影响。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01524-3

Matthew K Robison, Mohitha Obulasetty, Chris Blais, Kimberly M Wingert, Gene A Brewer

{"title":"The effect of binaural beat stimulation on sustained attention.","authors":"Matthew K Robison, Mohitha Obulasetty, Chris Blais, Kimberly M Wingert, Gene A Brewer","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01524-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01524-3","url":null,"abstract":"Binaural beats have been used as a way of modifying cognition via auditory stimulation. A recent meta-analysis suggests that binaural beat stimulation can have a positive effect on attention (Garcia-Argibay et al., Psychologische Forschung 83:1124-1136, 2019a, Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung 83:357-372, 2019b), with the sample-weighted average effect size being about .58. This is an intriguing and potentially useful finding, both theoretically and practically. In this study, we focus on sustained attention. We delivered beta-frequency (16 Hz) binaural beat stimulation during a sustained attention task. In \"Experiment 1\", reaction times were faster under beat stimulation than control stimulation in a between-subjects design. However, the effect was modest in magnitude, and model comparisons using Bayes Factors were indiscriminate between including and excluding the effect from the model. We followed this initial experiment with two concurrently administered follow-up experiments. In \"Experiment 2\", we added thought probes to measure any changes in task engagement associated with binaural beat stimulation. \"Experiment 2\" revealed a different effect from \"Experiment 1\": participants in the binaural beat condition exhibited a shallower vigilance decrement. However, the beat stimulation did not affect the thought probes responses. Combining data across the two experiments indicated rather strong evidence against the hypothesis that beta-frequency binaural beats can augment sustained attention, either via a general speeding of responding or a mitigation of the vigilance decrement. Finally, in \"Experiment 3\", we investigated whether pupillary measures of arousal and/or task engagement would be affected by binaural beat stimulation. There was no evidence for such effects. Overall, we did not observe any consistent evidence that binaural beat stimulation can augment sustained attention or its subjective and physiological correlates.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"808-822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01524-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38972802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The impact of capitalized German words on lexical access. 大写德语单词对词汇获取的影响。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01540-3

Melanie Labusch, Sonja A Kotz, Manuel Perea

{"title":"The impact of capitalized German words on lexical access.","authors":"Melanie Labusch, Sonja A Kotz, Manuel Perea","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01540-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01540-3","url":null,"abstract":"Leading models of visual word recognition assume that the process of word identification is driven by abstract, case-invariant units (e.g., table and TABLE activate the same abstract representation). But do these models need to be modified to meet nuances of orthography as in German, where the first letter of common nouns is capitalized (e.g., Buch [book] and Hund [dog], but blau [blue])? To examine the role of initial capitalization of German words in lexical access, we chose a semantic categorization task (\"is the word an animal name?\"). In Experiment 1, we compared German words in all-lowercase vs. initial capitalization (hund, buch, blau vs. Hund, Buch, Blau). Results showed faster responses for animal nouns with initial capitalization (Hund < hund) and faster responses for lowercase non-nouns (blau < Blau). Surprisingly, we found faster responses for lowercase non-animal nouns (buch < Buch). As the latter difference could derive from task demands (i.e., buch does not follow German orthographic rules and requires a \"no\" response), we replaced the all-lowercase format with an orthographically legal all-uppercase format in Experiment 2. Results showed an advantage for all nouns with initial capitalization (Hund < HUND and Buch < BUCH). These findings clearly show that initial capitalization in German words constitutes an essential part of the words' representations and is used during lexical access. Thus, models of visual word recognition, primarily focused on English orthography, should be expanded to the idiosyncrasies of other Latin-based orthographies.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"891-902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01540-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39065313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Correction to: In Medio Stat Virtus: intermediate levels of mind wandering improve episodic memory encoding in a virtual environment. 修正:在Medio Stat Virtus中:在虚拟环境中，中等水平的走神可以改善情景记忆编码。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01660-4

Philippe Blondé, Dominique Makowski, Marco Sperduti, Pascale Piolino

引用次数: 0

Effects of intention in the imitation of sung and spoken pitch. 意向在模仿歌唱和口语音高中的作用。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01527-0

Peter Q Pfordresher, James T Mantell, Tim A Pruitt

{"title":"Effects of intention in the imitation of sung and spoken pitch.","authors":"Peter Q Pfordresher, James T Mantell, Tim A Pruitt","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01527-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01527-0","url":null,"abstract":"Pitch content is an important component of song and speech. Previous studies have shown a pronounced advantage for imitation of sung pitch over spoken pitch. However, it is not clear to what extent matching of pitch in production depends on one's intention to imitate pitch. We measured the effects of intention to imitate on matching of produced pitch in both vocal domains. Participants imitated pitch content in speech and song stimuli intentionally (\"imitate the pitch\") and incidentally (\"repeat the words\"). Our results suggest that the song advantage exists independently of whether participants explicitly intend to imitate pitch. This result supports the notion that the song advantage reflects pitch salience in the stimulus. On the other hand, participants were more effective at suppressing the imitation of pitch for song than for speech. This second result suggests that it is easier to dissociate phonetic content from pitch in the context of song than in speech. Analyses of individual differences showed that intention to imitate pitch had larger effects for individuals who tended to match pitch overall in production, independent of intentions. Taken together, the results help to illuminate the psychological processes underlying intentional and automatic vocal imitation processes.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"792-807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01527-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39002392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Multiple mental representations in picture processing. 图像处理中的多重心理表征。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01541-2

Wolfgang Schnotz, Georg Hauck, Neil H Schwartz

{"title":"Multiple mental representations in picture processing.","authors":"Wolfgang Schnotz, Georg Hauck, Neil H Schwartz","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01541-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01541-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates whether goal-directed learning of pictures leads to multiple mental representations which are differently useful for different purposes. The paper further investigates the effects of prompts on picture processing. 136 undergraduate students were presented maps of a fictitious city. One half of the participants were instructed to learn their map as preparation to draw it from memory as precisely as possible (PrepDraw), which should stimulate the creation of an elaborated surface representation. The other half were instructed to learn the map as preparation for finding the shortest traffic connection from various locations to other locations (PrepConnect), which should stimulate the construction of a task-oriented deep-structure representation (mental model). Within both experimental groups, one-third of the participants received the map without prompts. Another third received the map with survey prompts (stimulating processing of what is where), and the final third received the map with connect prompts (stimulating processing of how train stations are connected). In the following test phase, participants received a recognition task, a recall task, and an inference task. For recognition and recall, two surface structure scores (extent, accuracy) and two deep structure scores (extent, accuracy) were calculated. The inference task served also to indicate deep structure accuracy. The PrepDraw group outperformed the PrepConnect group in terms of surface structure related variables, whereas the PrepConnect group outperformed the PrepDraw group in terms of deep structure-related variables. Map processing was not enhanced by prompts aligned with the instruction, but non-aligned prompts tended to interfere with learning.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"903-918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01541-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Meditation affects word recognition of meditation novices. 冥想影响冥想新手的单词识别。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01522-5

Larissa Lusnig, Ralph Radach, Markus J Hofmann

{"title":"Meditation affects word recognition of meditation novices.","authors":"Larissa Lusnig, Ralph Radach, Markus J Hofmann","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01522-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01522-5","url":null,"abstract":"This work represents one of the first attempts to examine the effects of meditation on the processing of written single words. In the present longitudinal study, participants conducted a lexical decision task and rated the affective valence of nouns before and after a 7-week class in mindfulness meditation, loving-kindness meditation, or a control intervention. Both meditation groups rated the emotional valence of nouns more neutral after the interventions, suggesting a general down-regulation of emotions. In the loving-kindness group, positive words were rated more positively after the intervention, suggesting a specific intensification of positive feelings. After both meditation interventions, response times in the lexical decision task accelerated significantly, with the largest facilitation occurring in the loving-kindness group. We assume that meditation might have led to increased attention, better visual discrimination, a broadened attentional focus, and reduced mind-wandering, which in turn enabled accelerated word recognition. These results extend findings from a previous study with expert Zen meditators, in which we found that one session of advanced meditation can affect word recognition in a very similar way.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"723-736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01522-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38963419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Group membership does not modulate automatic imitation. 群体成员并不会调节自动模仿。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01526-1

Oliver Genschow, Mareike Westfal, Emiel Cracco, Jan Crusius

{"title":"Group membership does not modulate automatic imitation.","authors":"Oliver Genschow, Mareike Westfal, Emiel Cracco, Jan Crusius","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01526-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01526-1","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals have the automatic tendency to imitate each other. A key prediction of different theories explaining automatic imitation is that individuals imitate in-group members more strongly than out-group members. However, the empirical basis for this prediction is rather inconclusive. Only a few experiments have investigated the influence of group membership using classic automatic imitation paradigms and these experiments led to mixed results. To put the group membership prediction to a critical test, we carried out six high-powered experiments (total N = 1538) in which we assessed imitation with the imitation-inhibition task and manipulated group membership in different ways. Evidence across all experiments indicates that group membership does not modulate automatic imitation. Moreover, we do not find support for the idea that feelings of affiliation or perceived similarity moderate the effect of group membership on automatic imitation. These results have important implications for theories explaining automatic imitation and contribute to the current discussion of whether automatic imitation can be socially modulated.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"780-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01526-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Examining the effect of Libet clock stimulus parameters on temporal binding. 研究Libet时钟刺激参数对时间约束的影响。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01546-x

Bianca E Ivanof, Devin B Terhune, David Coyle, Marta Gottero, James W Moore

引用次数: 7

Anticipating the magnitude of response outcomes can induce a potentiation effect for manipulable objects. 预测反应结果的大小可以诱发可操作对象的增强效应。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01535-0

Ronan Guerineau, Loïc P Heurley, Nicolas Morgado, Denis Brouillet, Vincent Dru

{"title":"Anticipating the magnitude of response outcomes can induce a potentiation effect for manipulable objects.","authors":"Ronan Guerineau, Loïc P Heurley, Nicolas Morgado, Denis Brouillet, Vincent Dru","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01535-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01535-0","url":null,"abstract":"Merely seeing large objects (e.g., apples) potentiates power grip whereas seeing small objects (e.g., strawberries) potentiates precision grip. According to the embodied cognition account, this potentiation effect reflects automatic access to object representation, including the grip usually associated with the object. Alternatively, this effect might be due to an overlap between magnitude codes used to code manipulable objects and magnitude codes used to code responses outcomes. In Experiment 1, participants saw objects usually grasped with a power or precision grip and had to press keys either with their forefinger or with their palm, each response generating a low or high tone (i.e., a large vs. small perceptual outcome, respectively). Tones were automatically delivered by headphones after the responses have been made in line with the ideomotor theories according to which voluntary actions are carried out due to the anticipation of their outcomes. Consistent with the magnitude-coding hypothesis, response times were shorter when the object and the anticipated response outcome were of the same magnitude than when they were not. These results were also consistent with a between-experiment analysis. In Experiments 2 and 3, we investigated to what extent removing or switching the outcomes during the experiment influence the potentiation effect. Our results support that the potentiation effect of grasping behaviours could be due to the compatibility between magnitude codes rather than to the involvement of motor representations. Our results also suggest a spontaneous use of the magnitude of response outcomes to code responses, as well as the flexibility of this coding processes when responses outcomes are altered.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"667-684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01535-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39089491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Threat-relevant stimuli cannot be better detected by preschoolers in an inattentional blindness task. 学龄前儿童在不注意盲视任务中无法更好地检测到威胁相关刺激。

IF 2.3

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01530-5

Hui Zhang, Jiale Wang, Yan Liu, Congcong Yan, Xiaohong Ye

{"title":"Threat-relevant stimuli cannot be better detected by preschoolers in an inattentional blindness task.","authors":"Hui Zhang, Jiale Wang, Yan Liu, Congcong Yan, Xiaohong Ye","doi":"10.1007/s00426-021-01530-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01530-5","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting the unexpected threat-relevant stimuli plays a vital role in preschoolers' daily life safety, but a few studies have investigated how preschoolers process this kind of stimuli. We applied a classical inattentional blindness task (designed by Mack and Rock Inattentional blindness. MIT Press, 1998) to explore whether threat-relevant stimuli could be better detected in an inattentional condition and whether the age and the fluid intelligence could predict the incidence of the detection. With the involvement of two hundred and thirty-nine preschoolers (aged from 4 to 6 years), we found that it was not more likely for preschoolers to detect the threat-relevant stimuli (Knife and Snake) compared with the non-threat-relevant stimuli (Spoon and Snail). The age difference of detection only occurred in the divided attentional condition, but not in the inattentional condition. Moreover, the group of 5-year-old preschoolers with higher fluid intelligence scores was more likely to detect the unexpected stimuli, but the prediction was not powerful. These findings demonstrate that the threat-superiority effect on IB does not occur on preschoolers and the individual difference of preschoolers' IB is unstable. This study enriches the cognition of young children's attentional bias to threat-relevant stimuli, and has certain significance to understand the essence of children's attentional process.","PeriodicalId":501681,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research","volume":" ","pages":"823-830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00426-021-01530-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39003133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4