Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics最新文献_第6页

America First Bilateral Health Agreements Threaten to Undermine the Multilateral Global Health Order. 美国优先的双边卫生协定可能破坏多边全球卫生秩序。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10274

Sharifah Sekalala, Shajoe J Lake, Allan Maleche, Maria Birungi, Frank Ssekamwa

引用次数: 0

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing in Legal Epidemiology Studies: Opportunities and Challenges. 在法律流行病学研究中利用人工智能和自然语言处理：机遇与挑战。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10224

Regen Weber-Fares, Fallon Julia Cochlin, Snigdha Peddireddy, Mara Howard-Williams, Gregory Sunshine, Emily Ho, Cason Daniel Schmit

{"title":"Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing in Legal Epidemiology Studies: Opportunities and Challenges.","authors":"Regen Weber-Fares, Fallon Julia Cochlin, Snigdha Peddireddy, Mara Howard-Williams, Gregory Sunshine, Emily Ho, Cason Daniel Schmit","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10224","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10224","url":null,"abstract":"Legal epidemiology - the study of how laws influence health outcomes - is an emerging field with potential to inform policy and improve public health. Shortages of specialists who can commit the extensive time required for these analyses has hindered progress in this area. Features of laws make them ideal candidates for artificial intelligence and natural language processing (AI/NLP) to address these constraints: standardized format, defined terms, and common terminology. However, there are concerns regarding valid AI/NLP application, especially given current underreporting of legal research in published policy evaluation studies. Drawing on lessons learned from case deployments and recent literature, we review opportunities and challenges for methods using AI/NLP in scientific legal research: assessing the scope of legal documents and data, identifying and collecting primary legal data, developing and applying coding schemes, and implementing quality controls to ensure the validity of produced legal datasets. We highlight methodologic research areas and innovation in the application of AI/NLP for scientific studies regarding effects of law on health and indicate methodologic reporting elements that will be essential for the field's innovation. This review provides a method-focused research agenda for AI/NLP in scientific legal epidemiology studies that might accelerate the field's growth and effects on evidence-based policy.","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"368-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13496146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

David Wasserman and Supported Decision-Making in Research. 大卫·沃瑟曼和研究中的支持性决策。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10257

Adam Cureton

引用次数: 0

Best Practices for the Exchange and Protection of Tribal Public Health Data: How Federal, State, and Local Governments Can Honor Tribal Data Sovereignty. 部落公共卫生数据交换和保护的最佳实践：联邦、州和地方政府如何尊重部落数据主权。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10236

Vicki Lowe, Heather Marie Erb, Jessica Renee McKee, Kristin Peterson, Amanda Tjemsland, Summer Hammons

引用次数: 0

Adults with Intellectual Disability and Consent to Precision Medicine Research: Using Supported Decision-Making to Facilitate First-Person Consent. 智力残疾的成年人和对精确医学研究的同意：使用支持决策来促进第一人称同意。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10196

Katherine McDonald, Robert Olick, Robert Dinerstein, David Mulcahy, Mark Cooley, Eulena Banzer, Maya Sabatello

{"title":"Adults with Intellectual Disability and Consent to Precision Medicine Research: Using Supported Decision-Making to Facilitate First-Person Consent.","authors":"Katherine McDonald, Robert Olick, Robert Dinerstein, David Mulcahy, Mark Cooley, Eulena Banzer, Maya Sabatello","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10196","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10196","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific discoveries and precision medicine research, especially efforts to identify individually tailored approaches to healthcare considering individual variability in genetics, environmental, and lifestyle factors, have the potential to transform health. This goal is especially critical for those who experience social injustices and substantial health disparities. Yet the inclusion of adults with intellectual disability in precision medicine research, a growing field in clinical and translational genomic research, raises ethical, social, and legal concerns about their ability to make informed decisions to participate, and subsequently whether this population should be excluded altogether or enrolled only via proxy consent. Both practices demand scrutiny and are sometimes without legal or ethical justification. Supported decision-making, a reasonable accommodation and relatively recent legal and ethical construct, can facilitate first-person consent and maintain the prospective participant's position as the decision-maker. As such, supported decision-making is a promising development with critical implications for consent to precision medicine research. Using findings from our national survey with adults with intellectual disability and a legal analysis, our academic-community research partnership developed recommendations and a tool for using supported decision-making for enrollment in precision medicine research. We conclude with persistent challenges that need resolving to ensure the responsible inclusion of adults with intellectual disability in precision medicine research, and clinical research more generally.","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probing the Prevalence of Pharmaceutical Corruption. 探究药品腐败的普遍性。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10254

Marc A Rodwin

引用次数: 0

Using Tiny Research Assignments to Support Active Learning. 利用小的研究任务来支持主动学习。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10215

Nadia Sawicki

引用次数: 0

Assuring Data Authenticity in the Age of Generative AI. 生成式人工智能时代的数据真实性保障。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10268

Jeff J H Kim, Mohammad Hosseini, Haavi Morreim, C K Gunsalus, David B Resnik

引用次数: 0

Should Medicine and Public Health Abandon the Opioid Industry's Terminology Surrounding Pain? An Argument for Conceptual Reclamation and Against Guilt-By-Provenance. 医学和公共卫生是否应该放弃阿片类药物行业有关疼痛的术语？“概念回收”与“来源罪论”之争。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10283

Daniel Eisenkraft Klein

{"title":"Should Medicine and Public Health Abandon the Opioid Industry's Terminology Surrounding Pain? An Argument for Conceptual Reclamation and Against Guilt-By-Provenance.","authors":"Daniel Eisenkraft Klein","doi":"10.1017/jme.2026.10283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2026.10283","url":null,"abstract":"Kaspari, Butler, and Fugh-Berman document how opioid manufacturers created or redefined terms such as opiophobia, breakthrough pain, pain as the fifth vital sign, and pseudoaddiction to expand opioid prescribing. Their account is accurate, but industry provenance alone does not resolve whether a term should be abandoned. Opiophobia refers to a genuine underuse of opioids in cancer and palliative care and breakthrough pain names a clinical reality that predates its industry expansion. Pseudoaddiction and pain as the fifth vital sign, by contrast, lack empirical support and function only as promotional constructs. This commentary argues against guilt-by-provenance. Instead, medicine should distinguish terms that capture genuine clinical phenomena from those manufactured to obscure risk, retaining and reanchoring the former rather than surrendering vocabulary industry once exploited. More broadly, given the stakes of diagnostic definitions, the field should begin to openly discuss the tradeoffs of abandoning or reclaiming industry-influenced language.","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"54 3","pages":"312-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Replacing Surrogate Decision-Making with Supported Decision-Making for Minimal Risk Research. 用支持决策替代替代决策的最小风险研究。

IF 1.3 4区哲学

Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10192

Jennifer Hawkins, Aaron Eli Segal, David Wendler, Dana Howard

{"title":"Replacing Surrogate Decision-Making with Supported Decision-Making for Minimal Risk Research.","authors":"Jennifer Hawkins, Aaron Eli Segal, David Wendler, Dana Howard","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10192","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10192","url":null,"abstract":"We advocate for a change in the way individuals with cognitive impairment are enrolled in minimal risk clinical research. We do so in the hope that such a change will lead to more cognitively impaired individuals being enrolled in research. Our proposal applies only to cases where would-be participants retain some interest in decision-making as well as the ability to express a decision. In these cases, we argue that the common practice whereby researchers either obtain consent from the individual or consent from a surrogate and assent from the individual, is ethically unnecessary. Instead, a process of facilitated decision-making based on SDM (supported decision-making) should be employed. Although it is possible that this process of facilitation will enable some individuals to make a capacitated choice who would not otherwise have done so, this should not be a requirement of getting to choose. In those cases where a would-be participant, despite support, fails to make a capacitated choice, the individual should still have the final say about participation. In this respect, our proposal deviates from standard practice. However, we argue that our proposal offers participants as much ethical protection as the more common procedures involving surrogates.","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"54 S2","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0