Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献_第3页

Projected impact of population-level multi-cancer early detection screening: a discrete event simulation analysis 人口水平多癌早期检测筛查的预期影响：离散事件模拟分析

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-06 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag356

Nitish Aswani,Jiheum Park,Francesca Lim,Matthew T Prest,Jennifer S Ferris,Jeong Yun Yang,Liyuan Gong,Stella K Kang,Chin Hur

{"title":"Projected impact of population-level multi-cancer early detection screening: a discrete event simulation analysis","authors":"Nitish Aswani,Jiheum Park,Francesca Lim,Matthew T Prest,Jennifer S Ferris,Jeong Yun Yang,Liyuan Gong,Stella K Kang,Chin Hur","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cancer screening for multiple cancers simultaneously, rather than one cancer at a time, has emerged as a promising strategy for population-level cancer screening, largely driven by the advent and rapid development of liquid biopsy-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests. However, their potential impact on mortality across cancer types remains incompletely characterized. We developed a patient-level, cross-cohort discrete event simulation model calibrated to SEER age-specific incidence for ages 18-80 across 1939-2001 birth cohorts for ten cancers, stratified by sex and race (non-Hispanic White and Black). Early detection benefit was modeled by shifting cancers to localized disease and advancing detection by literature-derived sojourn times, under detection sensitivities from 10% to 100%. The multicancer natural history model achieved calibration for all ten cancers, with modeled incidence closely approximating SEER-observed incidence. Under ideal early detection, pooled cancer mortality fell by 41.0%, from 6.42% to 3.79% of the simulated population, with similar proportional reductions across sex–race strata (39.9% to 43.9%). The largest site-specific reductions occurred for prostate cancer in males and ovarian cancer in females, while liver and bladder cancers benefited least. Overdiagnosis ranged from 10.9% to 28.9%, with lung cancer highest. Our MCED framework projects population-level mortality reduction from early multi-cancer detection. Under ideal screening conditions, cancer mortality benefits varied by cancer type, reflecting differences in both the length of the preclinical detectable window and survival at localized stage. This calibrated multicancer model provides a flexible framework for evaluating MCED blood tests as clinical trial data on test performance become available.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RE: De-escalation trials do not always need to be noninferiority: a case for superiority design de-escalation trials in oncology RE：降级试验并不总是需要非劣效性：肿瘤学中优势设计降级试验的案例

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-06 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag365

Sameer Parpia,Peter Greenstreet,Tim Whelan,Mark Levine

引用次数: 0

Response to Parpia, Greenstreet, Whelan et al 对Parpia， Greenstreet， Whelan等人的回应

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-06 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag366

Bishal Gyawali

引用次数: 0

Clonal hematopoiesis and biological aging: an interaction that increases cancer risk? 克隆造血和生物衰老：增加癌症风险的相互作用？

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-03 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag309

Jake Tobin,George S Vassiliou

引用次数: 0

Hysterectomy-corrected incidence of cervical cancer among women with HIV in the United States, 2001-2019 2001-2019年美国艾滋病毒感染者子宫切除术后宫颈癌发病率

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-03 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag352

Adino Tesfahun Tsegaye,Aimée R Kreimer,Jaimie Z Shing,Megan A Clarke,Tabassum Insaf,Jennifer H Hayes,Qianlai Luo,Jennifer McGee-Avila,Ena Omoike,Ana Patricia Ortiz,Karen Pawlish,Nicolas Wentzensen,Eric A Engels,Meredith S Shiels

{"title":"Hysterectomy-corrected incidence of cervical cancer among women with HIV in the United States, 2001-2019","authors":"Adino Tesfahun Tsegaye,Aimée R Kreimer,Jaimie Z Shing,Megan A Clarke,Tabassum Insaf,Jennifer H Hayes,Qianlai Luo,Jennifer McGee-Avila,Ena Omoike,Ana Patricia Ortiz,Karen Pawlish,Nicolas Wentzensen,Eric A Engels,Meredith S Shiels","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag352","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background In the U.S., cervical cancer rates in women with HIV are notably higher than the general population. Including hysterectomized women in cervical cancer rates underestimates incidence and may misguide prevention programs. We estimated the hysterectomy-corrected incidence rates (IR) of cervical cancer among women with HIV. Methods We used data from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match study, linking 14 HIV and cancer registries in the US. We calculated age-standardized IRs (ASIRs) of cervical cancer before and after hysterectomy correction using hysterectomy prevalence estimates from the 2001-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System by age, racial/ethnic and histology. We used Poisson regression to estimate IR ratios (IRR) comparing 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019 to 2001-2004, adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, and region. Results During 2001-2019, there were 933 cervical cancer cases in 1,966,943 person-years (uncorrected ASIR 47.4 per 100,000) and 1,597,742 person-years after correction (ASIR=58.4). Hysterectomy correction increased the ASIR by 28% among Black women (50.1 vs 64.1, p &lt; 0.0001), 18% among Hispanic women (51.7 vs 61.2, p = 0.07), and 20% among White women (30.8 vs 36.9, p = 0.26). Uncorrected ASIRs peaked at ages 40-49 and declined at older ages, while hysterectomy-corrected ASIRs remained highest at ages 40-49 but declined less with age, with similar rates among women aged 50-59 and 60-84. Compared with 2001-2004, corrected ASIRs were lower in 2005-2009 (IRR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.65,0.96); 2010-2014 (IRR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.61,0.91); and 2015-2019 (IRR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.63,0.97). Conclusion Without hysterectomy correction, the most pronounced underestimation of cervical cancer ASIRs among women with HIV were observed among Black women and ≥50-year-old women.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunotherapy-Based Therapies in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: Potential to Narrow the Gap in Long-Term Survival 基于免疫疗法的儿童霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗：缩小长期生存差距的潜力

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag353

Jenna R Rogers, Zachary J Ward, Angela M Feraco, Sharon M Castellino, Kayla L Stratton, Wendy M Leisenring, Gregory T Armstrong, Eric J Chow, Rebecca M Howell, Melissa M Hudson, Kara M Kelly, Lindsay M Morton, Kevin C Oeffinger, Susan A Smith, Lisa Diller, Jennifer M Yeh

{"title":"Immunotherapy-Based Therapies in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: Potential to Narrow the Gap in Long-Term Survival","authors":"Jenna R Rogers, Zachary J Ward, Angela M Feraco, Sharon M Castellino, Kayla L Stratton, Wendy M Leisenring, Gregory T Armstrong, Eric J Chow, Rebecca M Howell, Melissa M Hudson, Kara M Kelly, Lindsay M Morton, Kevin C Oeffinger, Susan A Smith, Lisa Diller, Jennifer M Yeh","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag353","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly curable, yet survivors treated with historical regimens face substantial late morbidity and excess mortality. Immunotherapy-based frontline therapies improve disease control, but late toxicities remain unknown. We developed a simulation model to project lifetime outcomes after contemporary brentuximab vedotin- or nivolumab-containing regimens using trial data (COG AHOD1331 and SWOG S1826), Childhood Cancer Survivor Study data, and national databases. We assessed how frontline and relapse therapy changes could influence long-term survival and late-effect outcomes, with sensitivity analyses to evaluate potential immunotherapy-related late mortality. Compared with expected survival at age 50 in the general population, HL survival was 86% at age 50 after historical regimens and 92-93% after contemporary immunotherapy-based therapies. Survival gains persisted unless immunotherapy-related late mortality exceeded approximately 8%. These projections suggest contemporary regimens may narrow the long-term survival gap while reducing late-effect burden.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epstein-Barr virus-attributable cancers among children and adolescents in Europe and North America: a meta-analysis 欧洲和北美儿童和青少年中由eb病毒引起的癌症：一项荟萃分析

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag344

Karena D Volesky-Avellaneda, Olga Tsyruk-Romano, Allan Hildesheim, Stephen D Walter, Mariam El-Zein, Christine M Friedenreich, Darren R Brenner, Eduardo L Franco

{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus-attributable cancers among children and adolescents in Europe and North America: a meta-analysis","authors":"Karena D Volesky-Avellaneda, Olga Tsyruk-Romano, Allan Hildesheim, Stephen D Walter, Mariam El-Zein, Christine M Friedenreich, Darren R Brenner, Eduardo L Franco","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag344","url":null,"abstract":"Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common childhood infection, is associated with Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal cancer. We estimated the proportion and number of cancers attributable to EBV among individuals aged ≤19 years in Europe and North America in 2022. Methods Embase and MEDLINE were searched from inception to August 25th, 2025. Cancer incidence was derived from GLOBOCAN. We included studies where cancer tissue from ≥8 individuals aged ≤19 years residing in Europe or North America were tested for EBV. Pooled EBV prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. To obtain EBV-attributable cases, pooled prevalence was multiplied by cancer incidence. Results After screening 17,388 titles/abstracts and 1,084 full-texts, 53 studies met the inclusion criteria for Burkitt lymphoma (9 studies, 433 cases), Hodgkin lymphoma (40 studies, 3197 cases), and nasopharyngeal cancer (4 studies, 62 cases). The pooled prevalence of EBV was 19.7% (CI: 10.2–34.7%, I2=69.5%) in Burkitt lymphoma, 33.4% (CI: 27.4–40.0%, I2=75.6%) in Hodgkin lymphoma, and 96.8% (CI: 88.0–99.2%, I2=0.0) in nasopharyngeal cancer. An estimated 1,166 (2.8%) of 41,366 cancers diagnosed in 2022, were attributable to EBV. These cases comprised 899 Hodgkin lymphomas, 140 Burkitt lymphomas, and 127 nasopharyngeal cancers. The burden was higher among males (3.2% vs 2.3% for females) and those aged 10–14 years (5.0% vs 1.7% for 0–9-year-olds and 3.1% for 15-19-year-olds). Conclusion In 2022, 2.8% of childhood cancers diagnosed in Europe and North America were attributable to EBV.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An artificial intelligence algorithm characterizes the deterioration of body composition from systemic therapy for patients with advanced prostate cancer 一种人工智能算法表征了晚期前列腺癌患者全身治疗后身体成分的恶化

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag349

Chloe Shi,Nancy Wei,Gianni Morales Martinez,Jamie O’Byrne,Alexander Weston,Brandon Grossardt,Abhinav Khanna,Stephen A Boorjian,Matthew T Gettman,R Jeffrey Karnes,Jack Andrews,Eugene Kwon,Vidit Sharma

{"title":"An artificial intelligence algorithm characterizes the deterioration of body composition from systemic therapy for patients with advanced prostate cancer","authors":"Chloe Shi,Nancy Wei,Gianni Morales Martinez,Jamie O’Byrne,Alexander Weston,Brandon Grossardt,Abhinav Khanna,Stephen A Boorjian,Matthew T Gettman,R Jeffrey Karnes,Jack Andrews,Eugene Kwon,Vidit Sharma","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag349","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Skeletal muscle is a major determinant of functional status. The impact of advanced prostate cancer (aPC) systemic therapies on body composition is unknown. We identified aPC patients with serial PET-CTs receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI), chemotherapy, and/or Lutetium-177. An artificial intelligence algorithm quantified body composition changes from PET-CT images. Linear mixed effects models examined body composition changes over time by treatment type. The algorithm examined 2,342 PET-CTs from 468 patients. On multivariable analysis, ADT was associated with a 9% reduction in muscle density (-1.91 Hounsfield units), ARPIs an additional 6% (-1.4 Hounsfield units), and Lutetium-177 a subsequent 6% (-1.3 Hounsfield units), demonstrating progressive reduction in muscle density across later stages of systemic therapy. This large longitudinal analysis of body composition in aPC patients supports the use of an automated PET-CT algorithm to identify aPC patients on systemic therapy at risk for muscle wasting.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obesity and survival of Asian American and White women with breast cancer 肥胖与亚裔美国人和白人女性乳腺癌患者存活率的关系

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag348

Esther M John,Marilyn L Kwan,Jocelyn Koo,Julie Von Behren,Valerie McGuire,Mi-Ok Kim,Allison W Kurian,Brittany N Morey,Christine Ambrosone,Salma Shariff-Marco,Iona Cheng,Lenora W M Loo,Anna H Wu,Song Yao,Lawrence H Kushi,Scarlett Lin Gomez

{"title":"Obesity and survival of Asian American and White women with breast cancer","authors":"Esther M John,Marilyn L Kwan,Jocelyn Koo,Julie Von Behren,Valerie McGuire,Mi-Ok Kim,Allison W Kurian,Brittany N Morey,Christine Ambrosone,Salma Shariff-Marco,Iona Cheng,Lenora W M Loo,Anna H Wu,Song Yao,Lawrence H Kushi,Scarlett Lin Gomez","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background It is unknown whether lower obesity in Asian American women contributes to their better survival after breast cancer (BC) diagnosis compared with non-Latina White women. Methods In the Asian American Resiliency and Cancer (ARC) Cohort, with 3,919 Asian American and 4,978 non-Latina White women with BC, we examined associations between all-cause and BC-specific mortality, body mass index (BMI), and in a subset, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), stratified by race/ethnicity, Asian ethnicity, menopausal status, and hormone receptor status. Results With 2,594 overall deaths and 1,120 BC deaths, all-cause mortality risk increased with higher BMI (per 5 kg/m2) in both Asian American (HR = 1.13, 95%CI=1.05-1.21) and non-Latina White (HR = 1.09, 95%CI=1.04-1.14) women. In the subset with abdominal adiposity measures (1,427 overall and 641 BC deaths), the range of HRs per unit increase was similar for Asian American (1.18 to 1.34) and White (1.14 to 1.19) women. For both overall and abdominal obesity, with a few exceptions, associations were observed primarily for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive BC, although heterogeneity was not statistically significant. The survival difference between Asian American and non-Latina White women remained after adjustment for BMI (HR = 0.88, 95%CI=0.78-0.997). Obesity measures were not associated with BC-specific mortality, except for WHR and WHtR in Chinese women. Conclusions Our findings suggest that differences in overall and abdominal obesity do not explain the BC survival differences between the two populations.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Markers of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 regression and subsequent risk of CIN3+ 宫颈上皮内瘤变2级消退及随后CIN3+风险的标志物

Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag345

Li C Cheung,Fangya Mao,Greg Rydzak,Nicolas Wentzensen,Nancy E Poitras,Thomas S Lorey,Philip E Castle

{"title":"Markers of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 regression and subsequent risk of CIN3+","authors":"Li C Cheung,Fangya Mao,Greg Rydzak,Nicolas Wentzensen,Nancy E Poitras,Thomas S Lorey,Philip E Castle","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag345","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 (CIN2), a precursor to cervical cancer, can regress without treatment, but the prognostic value of different regression markers remains unclear. Using electronic medical records from 5,938 women with newly detected CIN2 managed with delayed treatment at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, we estimated the frequency of histologic, cytologic, and virologic regression within 1 year of CIN2 diagnosis and the subsequent 3-year risk of CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3+). Histologic regression was common but remained associated with appreciable subsequent CIN3+ risk. In contrast, HPV-negative results were associated with lower subsequent CIN3+ risk than normal histology or normal cytology (2.8% vs. 7.0% and 4.2%, respectively; both p &lt; 0.001). Combined HPV-negative and normal cytology results identified the lowest risk group (1.3%; all pairwise comparisons, p &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that HPV clearance may be a more informative endpoint for therapeutic trials and marker for guiding surveillance of CIN2.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0