Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"Landscape assessment of patient-reported outcome item coverage of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated AEs","authors":"Emily L Paton, Jeremy P Cetnar, Janet Freeman-Daily, Jill Feldman, Bellinda L King-Kallimanis","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf108","url":null,"abstract":"Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are critical for assessing symptomatic adverse events (AEs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical trials. However, PROs may not fully capture tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-specific AEs in metastatic NSCLC patients. This study evaluated coverage of TKI-related symptomatic AEs by commonly used PRO item libraries. Methods We compiled a list of FDA-approved TKIs for NSCLC with alterations in EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET, and NTRK. Symptomatic AEs were extracted from clinical trials reported in US Prescribing Information (ie,, drug labels). The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) item libraries were searched for items corresponding to extracted AEs. Items were classified according to the AE’s physical, functional, or social/emotional impact. Results Data from 17 drug labels covering 29 clinical trials of 17 TKIs were analyzed. By TKI, EORTC covered the highest average percentage of AEs (99%), followed by PRO-CTCAE (86%), and PROMIS (47%). Of the 15 most common AEs, 8 were covered by all 3 item libraries. EORTC and PRO-CTCAE covered 15 AEs, whereas PROMIS covered 8. Of the 8 AEs covered by all 3 libraries, PROMIS included the most items assessing functional and social/emotional impact. Conclusions EORTC and PRO-CTCAE covered more symptomatic AEs than PROMIS. For the AEs it covered, PROMIS had the most items assessing functional and social/emotional impact. Our assessment is a starting point for improving PRO coverage of AEs associated with new treatments like TKIs.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-diagnosis dietary and lifestyle factors and mortality outcomes among colorectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis","authors":"Qiao-Yi Chen, Nana Keum, Edward L Giovannucci","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf098","url":null,"abstract":"Background While dietary and lifestyle factors are well-studied for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, less evidence exists on their impact on CRC survival. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to September 2024. Summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Results Lower all-cause mortality was observed with unprocessed red meat (SRR 0.74, 95%CI 0.57-0.94), whole grains (SRR 0.77, 95%CI 0.66-0.90), coffee (SRR 0.65, 95%CI 0.55-0.77), milk (SRR 0.82, 95%CI 0.71-0.93), low-fat dairy (SRR 0.77, 95%CI 0.64-0.94), total calcium (SRR 0.76, 95%CI 0.61-0.94), alcohol intake under 45 g/day (J-shaped association), and physical activity (SRR 0.55, 95%CI 0.44-0.69). Higher all-cause mortality was observed with refined grains (SRR 1.55, 95%CI 1.03-2.33), high-fat dairy (SRR 1.34, 95%CI 1.05-1.71), smoking (current (SRR 1.49, 95%CI 1.24-1.78), former (SRR 1.18, 95%CI 1.04-1.34)), and television watching (SRR 1.28, 95%CI 1.06-1.55). Risk increased linearly with body mass index (BMI) greater than 27 kg/m2, but also increased towards lower BMI. For CRC-specific mortality, most of the results were largely consistent, with calcium supplement showing an inverse association (SRR 0.66, 95%CI 0.47-0.94). Conclusions Factors related to CRC survival share differences as well as similarities with established factors related to CRC prevention. To optimize CRC survival, CRC patients may be recommended to adopt a diet rich in whole grains, coffee, milk, and dietary calcium; but to avoid excessive alcohol, refined grains, high-fat dairy, sugar sweetened beverage, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle; and to engage in regular physical activity while maintaining a healthy weight.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of parental cancer history and in vitro fertilization utilization","authors":"Abby L Chen, Shufeng Li, Valerie L Baker, Philip J Lupo, Hazel B Nichols, Michael L Eisenberg, Barbara Luke","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf068","url":null,"abstract":"Background Advances in cancer treatment have led to an increased number of survivors who may subsequently have children. We aim to describe the prevalence of a parental cancer history with and without the utilization of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in several states in the United States. Methods This study used data from IVF cycles resulting in live births reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System from 2004 to 2018. These were linked to birth certificates and cancer registries in 3 states (New York, Massachusetts, and North Carolina). For each IVF-conceived delivery, the subsequent 10 deliveries were used as the naturally conceived comparison group. A parent’s cancer history was included if the diagnosis preceded the birth of the first child. Results There were 814 658 births (82 544 IVF-conceived and 732 114 naturally conceived births) in our analysis. Among births conceived naturally, 0.5% of mothers and 0.4% of fathers had a cancer history compared with 1.2% of mothers and 1.8% of fathers among IVF-conceived births. The prevalence of cancer history increased over the study period (P ≤.004). The most common cancers among mothers were thyroid or endocrine (28.7%) and breast (12.2%) vs male genital (26.3%) and thyroid or endocrine (9.1%) among fathers. There were higher rates of male and female genital malignancies, female breast, and female lymphoid or hematopoietic cancers among parents who conceived with IVF (P < .001). Conclusions Overall, 1.1% of all births and 3.0% of IVF-conceived births had at least 1 parent with a cancer history with an increasing prevalence over the study period, highlighting the importance of oncofertility programs.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small steps, big impact: redefining cancer survival through lifestyle.","authors":"Andrea Romanos-Nanclares,Edward L Giovannucci,A Heather Eliassen","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic differences in HPV-related cancer incidence in the United States, 2001-2020","authors":"Adino Tesfahun Tsegaye, Jaimie Z Shing, Jacqueline B Vo, Aimée R Kreimer, Meredith S Shiels","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf107","url":null,"abstract":"Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and a proportion of oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers. Evaluating racial and ethnic heterogeneity by anatomic site will identify populations with the highest cancer incidence rates (IRs) and help to optimize available prevention strategies. Methods Using the 2001-2020 US Cancer Statistics database, we estimated age-standardized IRs cervical carcinoma, oropharyngeal, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) by race and ethnicity. We examined changes over time by comparing IRs in 2016-2020 with 2001-2005. Results Between 2001-2020, 750,897 HPV-related cancers occurred among 6,168,715,419 total person-years, with 61% (n = 455,475) in females. Among females, the highest IRs of oropharyngeal (1.6/100,000 person-years), vulvar (2.3/100,000 person-years), and anal (2.1/100,000 person-years) SCC were among White females. The highest IR for vaginal SCC (0.6/100,000 person-years) was among Black females and for cervical carcinoma (10.0/100,000 person-years) among Hispanic females. Among males, the highest IR for oropharyngeal SCC (8.0/100,000 person-years) was among White males, penile SCC (1.3/100,000 person-years) among Hispanic males, and anal SCC (1.5/100,000 person-years) among Black males. From 2001-2005 to 2016-2020, for most racial and ethnic groups, both in terms of absolute incidence, and proportion of the total HPV-related cancer burden, cervical carcinoma and vaginal SCC rates decreased, vulvar and anal SCC increased, and there was no clear pattern in oropharyngeal and penile SCC rates. Conclusion For all cancer types, there were disparate racial and ethnic patterns by anatomic site likely caused by a constellation of factors, including access to preventive care and site-specific HPV prevalence.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Father’s occupation and colorectal cancer in his adult offspring","authors":"Caitlin C Murphy, Emanuelle M Dias, Piera M Cirillo, Nickilou Y Krigbaum, Barbara A Cohn","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf104","url":null,"abstract":"Background Growing evidence suggests transmission of colorectal cancer risk through the maternal line. There is scant information about transmission through the paternal line, despite plausible evidence from mammal experiments. Methods We examined the association between paternal occupation and colorectal cancer in the Child Health and Development Studies, a multi-generational cohort followed for 60 years. Pregnant mothers completed in-person interviews at enrollment (1959–1966) and reported demographic and health-related information for her and her husband, including occupation. Colorectal cancer in adult (age ≥18 years) offspring was ascertained from a population-based cancer registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), with follow-up accrued from birth through cancer diagnosis, death, or last contact. Results Paternal occupations included: 37.0% professional, technical, or managerial; 13.7% clerical or sales; 30.5% crafts or operative; and 17.5% service work or labor. Over 716,133.5 person-years of follow-up, 79 offspring were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (median age at diagnosis: 50 years [range: 23–59 years]). Offspring of fathers employed in crafts, operative, service, or labor occupations had higher incidence rates of colorectal cancer (15.66 per 100,000 person-years; 95% CI 11.47, 20.89) compared to professional, technical, or managerial occupations (6.84 per 100,000 person-years; 95% CI 3.73, 11.47). Risk associated with these occupations remained elevated after adjustment for maternal race, paternal education, and offspring year of birth (aHR 1.99; 95% CI 1.03, 3.87). Conclusion Our findings support possible transmission of cancer risk through the paternal line.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes after solid organ transplantation in survivors of childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer: A population-based study","authors":"Paul C Nathan, Cindy Lau, Vicky L Ng, Mar Miserachs, Chia Wei Teoh, Melinda Solomon, Anne I Dipchand, Maria Locke, Sumit Gupta","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf106","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cancer treatment can lead to organ toxicity requiring solid organ transplant (SOT). Transplant teams must evaluate the appropriateness of SOT in survivors of childhood, or adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer. Methods Children treated at a provincial (Ontario, Canada) pediatric center for any cancer between 1986-2021, and AYA (15-21 years) treated in an adult center for four common cancer types between 1992-2012, were identified using population-based databases. Outcomes were determined by linkage to administrative databases. Transplanted cancer survivors (cases) were matched 1:2 to SOT recipients without a prior cancer (controls). Post-SOT overall survival (OS), subsequent cancers, severe cardiovascular disease and graft loss/death were compared between groups. Results Among 16,533 cancer survivors, 52 received a SOT: 13 liver, 18 kidney, 11 lung, and 10 heart. Median age at SOT was 18 (IQR 14-27). Transplanted cancer survivors experienced lower 10-year post-SOT OS than controls (67.7 vs. 86.0%; p = 0.003). 10-year cumulative incidence of developing another de novo malignancy was 8.6%, similar to the incidence of first cancers among controls (12.9%; HR 1.05, p = 0.91). 10-year cumulative incidence of primary cancer recurrence was 10.5%. Cases (excluding heart transplants) were at risk for graft loss/death (HR = 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.94), but not severe cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.10, CI 0.50-2.41). Conclusion Survivors treated with SOT had inferior survival than SOT recipients without a cancer history, but most achieved long-term cancer-free survival. These data can inform decisions around the suitability of cancer survivors for SOT.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammographic classification of interval breast cancers and artificial intelligence performance.","authors":"Tiffany T Yu,Anne C Hoyt,Melissa M Joines,Cheryce P Fischer,Nazanin Yaghmai,James S Chalfant,Lucy Chow,Shabnam Mortazavi,Christopher D Sears,James Sayre,Joann G Elmore,William Hsu,Hannah S Milch","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf103","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDEuropean studies suggest artificial intelligence (AI) can reduce interval breast cancers (IBCs). However, research on IBC classification and AI's effectiveness in the U.S., particularly using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and annual screening, is limited. We aimed to mammographically classify IBCs and assess AI performance using a 12-month screening interval.METHODSFrom digital mammography (DM) and DBT screening mammograms acquired 2010-2019 at a U.S. tertiary care academic center, we identified IBCs diagnosed <12 months after a negative mammogram. At least three breast radiologists retrospectively classified IBCs as missed-reading error, minimal signs-actionable, minimal signs-non-actionable, true interval, occult, or missed-technical error. A deep-learning AI tool assigned risk scores (1-10) to the negative index screening mammograms, with scores ≥8 considered \"flagged.\" Statistical analysis evaluated associations among IBC types and AI exam scores, AI markings, and patient/tumor characteristics.RESULTSFrom 184,935 screening mammograms (65% DM, 35% DBT), we identified 148 IBCs in 148 women (mean age, 61±12 years). Of these, 26% were minimal signs-actionable; 24% occult; 22% minimal signs-non-actionable; 17% missed-reading error; 6% true interval; and 5% missed-technical error (p<.001). AI scored 131 mammograms (17 errors excluded). AI most frequently flagged exams with missed-reading errors (90%), minimal signs-actionable (89%) and minimal signs-non-actionable (72%) (p=.02). AI localized mammographically-visible types more accurately (35-68%) than non-visible types (0-50%, p=.02).CONCLUSIONAI more frequently flagged and accurately localized IBC types that were mammographically visible at screening (missed or minimal signs), as compared to true interval or occult cancers.","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment deescalation for older women with favorable breast cancers: patient values and shared decision making.","authors":"Deborah R Smith,Silvia C Formenti","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten years of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer (short-term RESOLUTION)","authors":"Rauand Duhoky, Ritch T J Geitenbeek, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Thijs A Burghgraef, Christina A Fleming, Shamsul Masum, Adrian Hopgood, Timothy Rockall, Quentin Denost, Christophe Taoum, Roel Hompes, Jim Briggs, Esther C J Consten, Jim S Khan","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf084","url":null,"abstract":"Background Total mesorectal excision is the gold standard for rectal cancer surgery, with laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches commonly employed. While robot-assisted surgery may offer technical advantages, there is limited evidence comparing short-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robot-assisted techniques, particularly in Western European populations. This study aimed to assess the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic vs robot-assisted total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Methods This multicentre, international, retrospective cohort study included 1749 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted total mesorectal excision from January 2014 to January 2024. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to minimise confounding. Primary outcomes were length of stay, operative time, and conversion rates. Secondary outcomes included complications and pathological outcomes within 90 days, and readmissions and reinterventions within 30 days. Results The final cohort included 680.9 laparoscopic and 1057.5 robot-assisted cases after weighting. Robot-assisted surgery showed lower conversion rates (6.1% vs 3.5%, p = .025), higher rates of primary anastomosis (80.1% vs 92.1%, p &amp;lt; .001), and fewer stoma formations (78.4% vs 63.7%, p &amp;lt; .001). Pathological outcomes indicated a higher rate of complete mesorectal excision in the robot-assisted group (77.2% vs 86.0%, p &amp;lt; .001), though this data was not available for all centres. Operative time was longer in the robot-assisted cohort (181.0 vs 220.0 minutes, p &amp;lt; .001), but no significant differences were observed in postoperative complications, length of stay, anastomotic leakage or 30-day reintervention rates. Conclusion Robot-assisted surgery low anterior resection demonstrated improved short-term outcomes with lower conversion rates, higher rates of complete mesorectal excision, and higher restorative procedure rates, which may influence longer-term oncological and patient quality of life outcomes. Trial registration https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN75281193","PeriodicalId":501635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}