medRxiv - Medical Education最新文献_第2页

A Survey of Open Science Attitudes and Behaviors among US Pharmacy Faculty 美国药学院教师开放科学态度和行为调查

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.24309260

Spencer E Harpe

{"title":"A Survey of Open Science Attitudes and Behaviors among US Pharmacy Faculty","authors":"Spencer E Harpe","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.20.24309260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.20.24309260","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To describe the current attitudes, behaviors, and perceived disciplinary norms related to open science practices among full-time pharmacy faculty in the US and to examine differences in attitudes and behaviors across pharmacy disciplines.\u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Center for Open Science's Open Scholarship Survey modules on data sharing, code sharing, materials sharing, preregistration, preprints, and open access publishing were administered to a random sample of 3,200 faculty from the AACP Roster of Pharmacy Faculty as of February 2022. Individuals with at least a 0.8 full-time equivalent faculty appointment in pharmacy practice or one of the pharmaceutical sciences were eligible to participate. Results: Responses were obtained from 663 faculty (502 complete; 161 partial). The most positive attitudes were for open access publishing (overall mean [SD]: 4.1 [0.9]) with the lowest attitudes for study preregistration (3.2 [0.9]) and posting preprints (3.1 [1.1]). Statistically significant differences in attitudes across pharmacy disciplines were identified for data sharing, code sharing, and study preregistration. The most commonly reported open science practice was open access publishing (mean [SD], 27.7% [29.1%]). Study preregistration was the least common (mean [SD], 1.7% [7.0%]). After accounting for respondent and institutional characteristics, differences in open science behaviors were noted across pharmacy disciplines.\u0000Conclusion: This study provides a baseline assessment of faculty attitudes towards and engagement in open science practices among US pharmacy faculty. Given the relatively low frequency with which open science practices were reported, there is considerable room for improvement in the uptake of open science practices.","PeriodicalId":501387,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT-4o Vision Capabilities on Image-Based USMLE Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3 Examination Questions 评估 ChatGPT-4o 视觉功能在基于图像的 USMLE 第 1 步、第 2 步和第 3 步考试问题上的表现

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.24309092

Avi A Gajjar, Harshitha Valluri, Tarun Prabhala, Amanda Custozzo, Alan S. Boulos, John C. Dalfino, Nicholas C. Field, Alexandra R. Paul

{"title":"Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT-4o Vision Capabilities on Image-Based USMLE Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3 Examination Questions","authors":"Avi A Gajjar, Harshitha Valluri, Tarun Prabhala, Amanda Custozzo, Alan S. Boulos, John C. Dalfino, Nicholas C. Field, Alexandra R. Paul","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.18.24309092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.18.24309092","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential in medicine, especially in diagnostics and education. ChatGPT has achieved levels comparable to medical students on text-based USMLE questions, yet there's a gap in its evaluation on image-based questions. Methods\u0000This study evaluated ChatGPT-4's performance on image-based questions from USMLE Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3. A total of 376 questions, including 54 image-based, were tested using an image-captioning system to generate descriptions for the images. Results\u0000The overall performance of ChatGPT-4 on USMLE Steps 1, 2, and 3 was evaluated using 376 questions, including 54 with images. The accuracy was 85.7% for Step 1, 92.5% for Step 2, and 86.9% for Step 3. For image-based questions, the accuracy was 70.8% for Step 1, 92.9% for Step 2, and 62.5% for Step 3. In contrast, text-based questions showed higher accuracy: 89.5% for Step 1, 92.5% for Step 2, and 90.1% for Step 3. Performance dropped significantly for difficult image-based questions in Steps 1 and 3 (p=0.0196 and p=0.0020 respectively), but not in Step 2 (p=0.9574). Despite these challenges, the AI's accuracy on image-based questions exceeded the passing rate for all three exams. Conclusions\u0000ChatGPT-4 can handle image-based USMLE questions above the passing rate, showing promise for its use in medical education and diagnostics. Further development is needed to improve its direct image processing capabilities and overall performance.","PeriodicalId":501387,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a Novel Large Language Model (LLM) Powered Chatbot for Oral-Boards Scenarios 评估用于口试场景的新型大语言模型（LLM）聊天机器人

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.24308044

Caitlin Silvestri, Joshua Roshal, Meghal Shah, Warren D. Widmann, Courtney Townsend, Riley Brian, Joseph C. L’Huillier, Sergio M. Navarro, Sarah Lund, Tejas S. Sathe

引用次数: 0

More Than Words: An Integrative Review of Innovative Elicitation Techniques for Qualitative Interviews 不仅仅是语言定性访谈创新诱导技术的综合评述

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.24308062

Renate Kahlke, Lauren A. Maggio, Mark Lee, Sayra Cristancho, Kori LaDonna, Zahra Abdallah, Aakashdeep Khehra, Kushal Kshatri, Tanya Horsley, Lara Varpio

引用次数: 0

International medical graduates’ experiences of clinical competency assessment in postgraduate and licensing examinations: a scoping review protocol 国际医学毕业生在研究生考试和执业资格考试中接受临床能力评估的经验：范围界定审查方案

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.24307860

Helen Hynes, Anél Wiese, Nora McCarthy, Catherine Sweeney, Tony Foley, Deirdre Bennett

引用次数: 0

Using Generative AI to Simulate Patient History-Taking in a Problem-Based Learning Tutorial: A Mixed-Methods Study 在基于问题的学习教程中使用生成式人工智能模拟患者病史采集：混合方法研究

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.24306753

Allison Mool, Jacob Schmid, Thomas Johnston, William Thomas, Emma Fenner, Kevin Lu, Raya Gandhi, Adam Western, Brendan Seabold, Kodi Smith, Zachary Patterson, Hannah Feldt, Daniel Vollmer, Roshan Nallaveettil, Anthony Fanelli, Logan Schmillen, Shelley Tischkau, Anna T. Cianciolo, Pinckney Benedict, Richard Selinfreund

引用次数: 0

Telehealth Equity and Access Communication Skills Pilot Simulation for Practicing Clinicians 面向执业临床医生的远程医疗公平与可及性沟通技能试点模拟项目

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.24305892

Christopher J. Nash, Susan E. Farrell, Jossie A. Carreras Tartak, Alexei Wagner, Lea C. Brandt, Emily M. Hayden

引用次数: 0

North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination Absolute Failures Warrant Monitoring of Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy 北美药剂师执照考试绝对不及格需要对药学院进行监督

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.24305491

John M. Pezzuto, Natalia Shcherbakova, Kimberly A. Pesaturo

{"title":"North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination Absolute Failures Warrant Monitoring of Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy","authors":"John M. Pezzuto, Natalia Shcherbakova, Kimberly A. Pesaturo","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.09.24305491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.09.24305491","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past three years, 7,978 graduates of pharmacy programs have failed the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) on the first attempt. At present, the ACPE monitors programs with a passage rate of ≥2 standard deviations (SD) below the national mean pass rate. In 2023, this would lead to monitoring seven programs that produced 140 failures out of the total of 2,472 failures (i.e., 5.7%). In our view, this is neither equitable nor demonstrative of sufficient accountability. Analysis of failure counts among the 144 programs reported by NABP demonstrates a distribution curve highly skewed to the right. After evaluating average failure counts across all the programs, we suggest that schools with absolute failures ≥2 SD higher than the average number of failures of all programs should be flagged for monitoring. Based on the 2023 data, this corresponds to ≥35 failures/program. This threshold would flag 18 programs and 36.5% of the total failures. Of the seven programs that will be monitored based on the current Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education criteria, only one would be captured by the ≥35 failure method of selection with the remaining six contributing only 85 total failures to the pool. Thus, if both criteria were to be applied, i.e., ≥35 failures and of ≥2 standard deviations below the national mean pass rate, a total of 24 programs would be monitored (16.6% of the 144 programs), that contribute 987 (39.9%) of the total failures.","PeriodicalId":501387,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An exploratory study on becoming a traditional spiritual healer among Baganda in Central Uganda 关于乌干达中部巴干达人成为传统精神治疗师的探索性研究

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.23297238

Yahaya H. K. Sekagya, Charles Muchunguzi, Payyappallimana Unnikrishnan, Edgar M. Mulogo

{"title":"An exploratory study on becoming a traditional spiritual healer among Baganda in Central Uganda","authors":"Yahaya H. K. Sekagya, Charles Muchunguzi, Payyappallimana Unnikrishnan, Edgar M. Mulogo","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.02.23297238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.02.23297238","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicinal knowledge and healing practices of indigenous spiritual healers play important roles in health care, and contribute towards achieving Universal Health Care. Traditional spiritual healers (TSHs) are grouped into three categories. One category of Baganda TSHs, Balubaale, engage ancestral spirits during health management. Balubaale are socially significant but not legally accepted. Their initiation and training practices have not been documented in Uganda. The study purpose was to understand and establish the training of traditional spiritual healers. Twelve (10M, 2F); practicing TSHs in Central Uganda were purposively selected and recruited between 15th July 2019 and 29th April 2020, and were prospectively interacted with for 24 months. Transcribed data was coded and thematically analyzed using ATLAS ti. 22 computer software and presented based on an inductive approach. Findings show key areas of TSHs training include connecting with ancestral spirits and the spiritual powers of non-materials and materials such as living and non-living things through rituals. Spiritual healers train in diagnosis and health management based on ancestral spirits and they finally pass out in a communal ceremony witnessed by family and community members. We conclude that TSHs undergo training and are supervised and supported by experienced spiritualists, family and the community. We recommend similar studies among other ethnic groups to contextualize the process of becoming a TSH, compare and harmonize findings to facilitate inter-medical systems communication and policy considerations.","PeriodicalId":501387,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A preliminary study to evaluate the exposure of human fetus to heavy metals in the umbilical cord blood in Syria 评估叙利亚胎儿脐带血重金属暴露的初步研究

medRxiv - Medical Education Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.24304428

maryana kabbaa, Ekbal Fadel, Flora Mayhoub

{"title":"A preliminary study to evaluate the exposure of human fetus to heavy metals in the umbilical cord blood in Syria","authors":"maryana kabbaa, Ekbal Fadel, Flora Mayhoub","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.17.24304428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.17.24304428","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000The environmental situation in Syria needs a comprehensive assessment, especially in light of the conditions it has been experiencing for thirteen years, which have exacerbated pollution with heavy metals (HM) in various regions, including the coastal one.\u0000This preliminary and first survey in Syria aims to evaluate the exposure of human fetus in the population to HM by measuring the toxic metals spread in the coastal environment in the umbilical cord blood (UCB), which are lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni).\u0000The study was conducted between May 2022 and April 2023 among healthy newborns of the National Maternity Hospital in the Mediterranean coastal city of Tartous. This study adopted the official method of the American Association for Analytical Chemistry (AOAC, 2002) in collecting, preserving and processing UCB samples, and the heavy metals were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The statistical study was carried out using SPSS Statistics 23.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).\u0000The lower and upper limits for the concentrations of the studied elements in UCB range between: Pb (6.18-17.60µg/L), Hg (1.05-7.62µg/L), Cd (0.01-0.67µg/L), As (0.30-5.70µg/L), Cr (0.02-0.43µg/L), Ni (0.01-0.94µg/L).\u0000The concentrations of all HM measured in UCB are below the recommended international reference limits. This paper represents the first step in studying the assessment of fetal exposure to HM in our region. The current and future studies aim to expand the study area to include all of Syria, in addition to linking laboratory levels of HM with various sources of exposure and pregnancy outcomes observed at birth.","PeriodicalId":501387,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0