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“That’s just, like, your opinion” – European citizens’ ability to distinguish factual information from opinion "那只是你的观点"--欧洲公民区分事实信息和观点的能力
Communications Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0076
Andreas C. Goldberg, Franziska Marquart
{"title":"“That’s just, like, your opinion” – European citizens’ ability to distinguish factual information from opinion","authors":"Andreas C. Goldberg, Franziska Marquart","doi":"10.1515/commun-2023-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2023-0076","url":null,"abstract":"In the current media landscape, it is becoming increasingly difficult for citizens to rely on trustworthy information, not least because reliable facts are mixed with dubious claims, unsubstantiated opinions, or outright lies. The ability to distinguish factual from other types of mediated information is becoming increasingly crucial, but we know little about how well-equipped citizens are to make these distinctions. In an original survey study conducted in ten European countries, we asked respondents whether they considered six different statements relating to the European Union to be factual or opinion statements. Our results show that citizens have considerable difficulties in correctly identifying both factual information and opinions. Next to pre-existing judgements, we identify media-related, political, and sociodemographic factors that influence categorisation accuracy. We discuss our findings in relation to citizens’ perceptions of journalistic credibility and their information literacy as well as ongoing debates about the effectiveness of fact-checkers on social media.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kecskes, I. (ed.) (2023). The Cambridge handbook of intercultural pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 875 pp. Kecskes, I. (ed.) (2023).The Cambridge handbook of intercultural pragmatics.Cambridge：剑桥大学出版社。875 pp.
Communications Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2023-0121
Geng Liu, Xuechang Hou
{"title":"Kecskes, I. (ed.) (2023). The Cambridge handbook of intercultural pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 875 pp.","authors":"Geng Liu, Xuechang Hou","doi":"10.1515/commun-2023-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2023-0121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The contextual interplay between advertising and online disinformation: How brands suffer from and amplify deceptive content 广告与网络虚假信息之间的相互影响：品牌如何遭受和放大欺骗性内容
Communications Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2022-0110
Brahim Zarouali
{"title":"The contextual interplay between advertising and online disinformation: How brands suffer from and amplify deceptive content","authors":"Brahim Zarouali","doi":"10.1515/commun-2022-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2022-0110","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of online disinformation has become of major societal concern. Because of online programmatic algorithms, brands may find their ads running on disinformation websites alongside disinformation. In this experimental study (N = 617), we investigate people’s brand-related and news-related responses in this context. Results show that when an advertised brand is displayed on the same webpage as a disinformation article, brand attitude and brand trust are negatively affected; this effect is even more pronounced when the brand is thematically congruent with the disinformation article. This suggests that brands (especially congruent ones) might be contaminated by disinformation. In addition, presenting an ad alongside a disinformation article increases the credibility of the article, as well as people’s level of agreement with the article’s content. This seems to suggest that advertising can lend validity to disinformation and amplify its (harmful) effects. These results have important and timely managerial and societal implications.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The discursive construction of a news event: Access and legitimation in the media framing of an escalated anti-asylum protest in Belgium 新闻事件的话语建构:比利时愈演愈烈的反庇护抗议活动在媒体框架中的介入与正当性
Communications Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1515/commun-2022-0109
Priscilla Hau, Steve Paulussen, Pieter Maeseele
{"title":"The discursive construction of a news event: Access and legitimation in the media framing of an escalated anti-asylum protest in Belgium","authors":"Priscilla Hau, Steve Paulussen, Pieter Maeseele","doi":"10.1515/commun-2022-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2022-0109","url":null,"abstract":"In October 2019, the Belgian government announced the opening of an asylum center in a former retirement home, leading to civic and political protest that escalated into arson. We examine the construction of the events before, on, and after the arson by analyzing 135 articles from Flemish newspapers, the public broadcaster’s news website, and alternative media between October 25 and November 30, 2019 using qualitative content analysis. Our analysis emphasizes journalists’ role as gatekeepers, deciding which actors get access and legitimation in media coverage. Focus is on the dynamic process of how events become discursively constructed through the interventions of journalists and their sources attempting to gain primary definer status. Our analysis confirms that institutional sources remain more likely to achieve primary definer status in legacy news media. Alternative media perform similar discursive interventions as legacy news media but utilize them to provide access and legitimacy to different actors and standpoints. In the first days of news coverage, in particular, the narratives developed in right-leaning alternative media seemed to spread in legacy news media. In the following days, governmental actors and experts, through their interventions in legacy news media, were able to steer the discourse in a different direction.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138521482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contre le piège de l’évidence. La controverse des neiges du Kilimandjaro (1848-1862) 反证据陷阱。乞力马扎罗雪山之争（1848-1862 年）
Communications Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3917/commu.113.0101
D. Froment
{"title":"Contre le piège de l’évidence. La controverse des neiges du Kilimandjaro (1848-1862)","authors":"D. Froment","doi":"10.3917/commu.113.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/commu.113.0101","url":null,"abstract":"En 1848, le missionnaire Johannes Rebmann devient le premier Européen à observer et décrire le Kilimandjaro, en Afrique de l’Est. Dans son récit de voyage, il affirme que le sommet de la montagne est recouvert de « neiges éternelles ». En Europe, dans les sociétés de géographie, de nombreux savants restent dubitatifs devant un tel phénomène. S’ensuit une importante controverse géographique, qui dure plus d’une décennie. Cet article revient sur les différents ressorts de cette dispute savante, longtemps occultée dans l’historiographie, pour analyser au plus près les logiques savantes et socioprofessionnelles qui président à la négociation de l’autorité scientifique sur la scène géographique européenne du xix e  siècle.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Le mythe de la science soviétique : de l’enthousiasme révolutionnaire à la catastrophe de Tchernobyl 苏联科学的神话：从革命热情到切尔诺贝利灾难
Communications Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3917/commu.113.0135
Tatiana Kasperski
{"title":"Le mythe de la science soviétique : de l’enthousiasme révolutionnaire à la catastrophe de Tchernobyl","authors":"Tatiana Kasperski","doi":"10.3917/commu.113.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/commu.113.0135","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article examine le mythe de la science en tant que fondement idéologique majeur de l’État soviétique. De la vaste campagne visant à employer la science pour transformer la nature, l’économie et la société durant la période postrévolutionnaire aux répressions contre les scientifiques et à l’idéologisation de la science à l’époque stalinienne, de la célébration de la conquête de l’espace et de la maîtrise de l’atome à la montée de la dissidence scientifique, la remise en cause du modèle de développement soviétique et la crise provoquée par la catastrophe de Tchernobyl, l’article retrace l’essor et l’effritement des croyances en la science toute-puissante.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Héros… et héroïnes ? Marie-Anne Paulze-Lavoisier et les multiples ressorts de l’invisibilité 英雄......和女英雄？玛丽-安娜-保尔热-拉瓦锡与多种隐形力量
Communications Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3917/commu.113.0045
Francesca Antonelli
{"title":"Héros… et héroïnes ? Marie-Anne Paulze-Lavoisier et les multiples ressorts de l’invisibilité","authors":"Francesca Antonelli","doi":"10.3917/commu.113.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/commu.113.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Publiées dans la seconde moitié du xix e  siècle, les Œuvres de Lavoisier consacrent le chimiste français comme le « fondateur de la chimie moderne », un génie capable à lui seul de « révolutionner » tout un domaine du savoir. Aucune place n’est ici accordée à Marie-Anne Paulze-Lavoisier (1758-1836), épouse et collaboratrice de Lavoisier à qui l’on doit, en grande partie, la construction de ce mythe, entre la fin du xviii e  siècle et le début du siècle suivant. Invisibilisé dans les Œuvres , son travail auprès du chimiste était pourtant représenté de manière beaucoup plus ambivalente de son vivant. On se concentrera sur certaines de ces ambiguïtés, afin de mettre en évidence les enjeux propres à l’invention d’un Lavoisier « fondateur » d’un savoir « nouveau ».","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Science pour tous ou science par tous ? Mythes et contre-mythes de la science au xix e  siècle 全民科学还是人人科学？十九世纪科学的神话与反神话
Communications Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3917/commu.113.0113
V. Fages
{"title":"Science pour tous ou science par tous ? Mythes et contre-mythes de la science au xix e  siècle","authors":"V. Fages","doi":"10.3917/commu.113.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/commu.113.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Le second xix e  siècle est un moment crucial dans la construction, en France, de l’image de la science la présentant comme difficile d’accès et réservée à une élite savante de plus en plus professionnalisée. Progressivement s’impose le mythe d’une séparation nette, dans la production de connaissances, entre des praticiens experts d’un côté et un public curieux mais passif de l’autre. Les vulgarisateurs français contribuent activement à affirmer cette séparation, en défendant l’idée d’une science pour tous plutôt que celle d’une science par tous. Ce mythe rencontre néanmoins de multiples résistances, des mythes concurrents émergent, en particulier celui d’une science démocratique, ouverte et accessible à tous, et dans la pratique, de multiples contre-cultures savantes se développent dans les interstices des représentations dominantes de la science.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Les musées et les naufrages de l’histoire 博物馆与历史沉船
Communications Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3917/commu.113.0091
Irina Podgorny, Miruna Achim
{"title":"Les musées et les naufrages de l’histoire","authors":"Irina Podgorny, Miruna Achim","doi":"10.3917/commu.113.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/commu.113.0091","url":null,"abstract":"Deux mythes façonnent tout ensemble la critique et la défense des musées : leur analogie avec l’arche, cet espace construit pour conserver, et leur possibilité de transmettre des informations d’une période, d’une géographie, d’une langue à l’autre. Cet essai propose une réflexion sur les contingences, humaines et non humaines, qui façonnent la naissance et la fin des collections « savantes ». Il s’appuie sur l’analyse de trois études de cas : le Musée d’histoire naturelle de Londres fondé sur la proposition de Richard Owen, les deux centres muséaux de l’État du Kentucky, destinés à prouver l’historicité du Déluge biblique, et le Musée national de Rio de Janeiro, détruit dans un incendie récent.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
La science arabe en Allemagne de l’Est. Une histoire du matérialisme athée 东德的阿拉伯科学。无神论唯物主义的历史
Communications Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3917/commu.113.0149
C. König-Pralong
{"title":"La science arabe en Allemagne de l’Est. Une histoire du matérialisme athée","authors":"C. König-Pralong","doi":"10.3917/commu.113.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/commu.113.0149","url":null,"abstract":"En Allemagne, la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale fut un moment riche de controverses au sujet de la valeur de la science et de la technique. Dès les années 1950, le philosophe marxiste-léniniste Hermann Ley s’est engagé dans un travail historique de vaste envergure, dont l’objectif révisionniste était d’écrire une autre histoire des sciences, des Lumières et du progrès social que celles produites à l’Ouest depuis le xix e  siècle. Dans cette entreprise, la science médiévale arabe était réévaluée positivement et constituait un point de départ matérialiste de l’histoire du progrès scientifique moderne. Les ramifications moyen-orientales, syriennes en particulier, de ce projet intellectuel ont porté une critique de l’eurocentrisme occidental qui a précédé les injonctions à provincialiser l’Europe formulées au xxi e  siècle.","PeriodicalId":501361,"journal":{"name":"Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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