{"title":"Synchronizing Rhythms of Logic","authors":"John M. Myers, Hadi Madrid","doi":"arxiv-2405.20788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.20788","url":null,"abstract":"A proof in quantum theory made twenty years ago prompts interrelated\u0000developments in physics, biology, graph theory, and the philosophy of science.\u0000The proof shows an ineradicable need for guesswork, beyond logic, to link\u0000physical evidence to any theoretical explanation. In physics and in biology,\u0000recognizing guesswork reveals a kind of synchronization, found in digital\u0000computer hardware but overlooked in theoretical physics, with implications for\u0000a biological basis to the concepts of time and distance in physics. By refuting the assumption that \"physical\" implies \"eventually entirely\u0000explicable,\" the proof inspires renewed attention to experimental practice.\u0000Pervasive in the practice of modern science, digital computation and\u0000communications depends on physically distinct conditions and transitions among\u0000them. Organizing these conditions and transitions depends on a form of\u0000synchronization unlike that usual in physics. As shown here, this logical\u0000synchronization: (1) is essential to computing and digital communications\u0000networks, and (2) requires guesswork for its maintenance, whether directly or\u0000in the design of automated maintenance. By abstracting digital hardware, we model human thinking as logically\u0000synchronized computation, punctuated by unforeseeable changes. We adapt marked\u0000graphs to sharpen understandings of computation, whether it is electronic or\u0000takes place in living organisms. The marked graphs reveal a logical\u0000substructure to spatial and temporal navigation, with implications across\u0000physics and its applications to other sciences. By limiting our model to\u0000thelogical aspect of communications and computations -- leaving out energy,\u0000weight, shape, etc. -- we reveal logical structure applicable not just in\u0000electronics but also to the functioning of living organisms.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects","authors":"Richard Lieu","doi":"arxiv-2406.04355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.04355","url":null,"abstract":"Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves\u0000the Poisson equation or the Einstein field equations sourced by a topological\u0000defect, ie~a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localised\u0000gravitational field capable of driving flat rotation (ie~Keplerian circular\u0000orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin spherical\u0000shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which\u0000exploits this solution by assembling concentrically a number of such\u0000topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve,\u0000and can also deflect light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal)\u0000sphere. Thus the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is mitigated,\u0000at least in part.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141520605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noncommutative Number Systems for Quantum Information","authors":"Otto C. W. KongNat'l Central U, Taiwan","doi":"arxiv-2405.10339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.10339","url":null,"abstract":"Dirac talked about q-numbers versus c-numbers. Quantum observables are\u0000q-number variables that generally do not commute among themselves. He was\u0000proposing to have a generalized form of numbers as elements of a noncommutative\u0000algebra. That was Dirac's appreciation of the mathematical properties of the\u0000physical quantities as presented in Heisenberg's new quantum theory. After all,\u0000the familiar real, or complex, number system only came into existence through\u0000the history of mathematics. Values of physical quantities having a commutative\u0000product is an assumption that is not compatible with quantum physics. The\u0000revolutionary idea of Heisenberg and Dirac was pulled back to a much more\u0000conservative setting by the work of Schr\"odinger, followed by Born and Bohr.\u0000What Bohr missed is that the real number values we obtained from our\u0000measurements are only a consequence of the design of the kind of experiments\u0000and our using real numbers to calibrate the output scales of our apparatus. It\u0000is only our modeling of the information obtained about the physical quantities\u0000rather than what Nature dictates. We have proposed an explicit notion of\u0000definite noncommutative values of observables that gives a picture of quantum\u0000mechanics as realistic as the classical theory. In this article, we illustrate\u0000how matrices can be taken as noncommutative (q-)numbers serving as the values\u0000of physical quantities, each to be seen as a piece of quantum information. Our\u0000main task is to clarify the subtle issues involved in setting up a conventional\u0000scheme assigning matrices as values to the physical quantities.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Qubit stabilisation via learning capable materials","authors":"Andrei T. Patrascu","doi":"arxiv-2406.04352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.04352","url":null,"abstract":"I describe the engineered decoherence of a qubit state by means of an\u0000environment formed out of a neurally architected material. Such a material is a\u0000material that can adjust its inner properties in the same way a neural network\u0000is adjusting its weights, subject to a built-in cost function. Such a material\u0000is naturally found in biological structures (like a brain) but can in principle\u0000be engineered at a microscopic level. If such a material is used as an\u0000environment for a Nakajima-Zwanzig equation describing the controlled\u0000decoherence of a quantum state, we obtain a modified decoherence that allows\u0000for correlated states to exist longer or even to become robust. Such a neural\u0000material can also be architected to implement certain quantum gate operations\u0000on the encapsulated qubit.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141520606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A heuristic sketch how it could fit all together with time","authors":"Knud Thomsen","doi":"arxiv-2405.10335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.10335","url":null,"abstract":"On a scientific meta-level, it is discussed how an overall understanding of\u0000the physical universe can be built on the basis of well-proven theories and\u0000recent experiments and observations. In the light of almost a century of\u0000struggle to make (common) sense of Quantum Mechanics and to reconcile it with\u0000General Relativity, it is proposed to (for some time) forget about quantizing\u0000gravity or striving for one Theory of Everything or 'Weltformel', which would\u0000describe the whole of reality seamlessly without any joints or suture marks.\u0000Instead of one single monolithic formalism, a three-legged compound approach is\u0000argued for. Quantum Mechanics, Relativity and Thermodynamics are proposed as\u0000the main pillars of reality, each with its well-defined realm, specific\u0000features, and clearly marked interfaces between the three of them. Not only\u0000classical reality, which is rather directly accessible to us, is then\u0000comprehensively modelled by their encompassing combination. Quantum phenomena\u0000are understood as undoubtedly lying at the bottom of classical physics and at\u0000the same time, they become 'fully real' only when embedded in classical frames\u0000between preparation and measurement in time. It is then where thermodynamics\u0000steps in and provides the mediating glue as it does at interfaces towards\u0000gravity. The aim of this short contribution is not to deliver novel\u0000quantitative results but rather to propose a comprehensive research program and\u0000to coarsely lay out a very roughly coherent self-referential sketch starting\u0000from the beginning of the one universe, which we inhabit.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supersymmetry anomalies, exotic pairs and the supersymmetric standard model","authors":"John A. Dixon","doi":"arxiv-2407.13673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.13673","url":null,"abstract":"For 34 years it has been known that chiral supersymmetry (SUSY) in 3+1\u0000dimensions has a very large Becchi-Rouet-Stora (BRS) cohomology space at ghost\u0000charge one. This suggests that there might be corresponding SUSY anomalies\u0000coming from linearly divergent, triangle, Feynman diagrams. This paper\u0000discusses some progress and some outstanding issues related to these questions.\u0000The concept of exotic pairs is introduced, with an example from the massless\u0000supersymmetric standard model.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conformal theory of central surface density for galactic dark halos","authors":"Robert K. Nesbet","doi":"arxiv-2405.10336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.10336","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous dark matter studies of galactic halo gravitation depend on models\u0000with core radius $r_0$ and central density $rho_0$. Central surface density\u0000product $rho_0 r_0$ is found to be nearly a universal constant for a large\u0000range of galaxies. Standard variational field theory with Weyl conformal\u0000symmetry postulated for gravitation and the Higgs scalar field, without dark\u0000matter, implies nonclassical centripetal acceleration $Delta a$, for\u0000$a=a_N+Delta a$, where Newtonian acceleration $a_N$ is due to observable\u0000baryonic matter. Neglecting a halo cutoff at very large galactic radius,\u0000conformal $Delta a$ is constant over the entire halo and $a=a_N+Delta a$ is a\u0000universal function, consistent with a recent study of galaxies that constrains\u0000acceleration due to dark matter or to alternative theory. An equivalent dark\u0000matter source is a pure cusp distribution with cutoff parameter determined by a\u0000halo boundary radius. This is shown here to imply universal central surface\u0000density for any dark matter core model.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141150021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamental role of Dirac supersingletons in particle theory","authors":"Felix Lev","doi":"arxiv-2405.06717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.06717","url":null,"abstract":"As shown in the famous Dyson's paper \"Missed Opportunities\", even from purely\u0000mathematical considerations (without any physics) it follows that Poincare\u0000quantum symmetry is a special degenerate case of de Sitter quantum symmetries.\u0000Then the question arises why in particle physics Poincare symmetry works with a\u0000very high accuracy. The usual answer to this question is that a theory in de\u0000Sitter space becomes a theory in Minkowski space in the formal limit when the\u0000radius of de Sitter space goes to infinity. However, de Sitter and Minkowski\u0000spaces are purely classical concepts, and in quantum theory the answer to this\u0000question must be given only in terms of quantum concepts. At the quantum level,\u0000Poincare symmetry is a good approximate symmetry if the eigenvalues of the\u0000representation operators M4a of the anti-de Sitter algebra are much greater\u0000than the eigenvalues of the representation operator Mab (a, b=0,1,2,3). We show\u0000that an explicit solution with such properties exists within the framework of\u0000the approach proposed by Flato and Fronsdal where standard elementary particles\u0000are bound states of two Dirac singletons.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norma Susana Mankoč BorštnikDepartment of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
{"title":"Can the \"basis vectors\", describing the internal spaces of fermion and boson fields with the Clifford odd (for fermion) and Clifford even (for boson) objects, explain interactions among fields, with gravitons included?","authors":"Norma Susana Mankoč BorštnikDepartment of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","doi":"arxiv-2407.09482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.09482","url":null,"abstract":"The Clifford odd and even ``basis vectors'', describing the internal spaces\u0000of fermion and boson fields, respectively, offer in even-dimensional spaces,\u0000like in $d=(13+1)$, the description of quarks and leptons and antiquarks and\u0000antileptons appearing in families, as well as of all the corresponding gauge\u0000fields: photons, weak bosons, gluons, Higgs's scalars and the gravitons, which\u0000not only explain all the assumptions of the {it standard model}, and makes\u0000several predictions, but also explains the existence of the graviton gauge\u0000fields. Analysing the properties of fermion and boson fields concerning how\u0000they manifest in $d=(3+1)$, assuming space in $d=(3+1)$ flat, while all the\u0000fields have non-zero momenta only in $d=(3+1)$, this article illustrates that\u0000scattering of fermion and boson fields, with gravitons included, represented by\u0000the Feynman diagrams, are determined by the algebraic products of the\u0000corresponding ``basis vectors'' of fields, contributing to scattering. There\u0000are two kinds of boson gauge fields appearing in this theory, both contribute\u0000when describing scattering. We illustrate, assuming that the internal space,\u0000which manifests in $d=(3+1)$ origin in $d=(5+1)$, and in $d=(13+1)$, the\u0000annihilation of an electron and positron into two photons, and the scattering\u0000of an electron and positron into two muons. The theory offers an elegant and\u0000promising illustration of the interaction among fermion and boson second\u0000quantised fields.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandre Deur, Stanley J. Brodsky, Craig D. Roberts, Balša Terzić
{"title":"Poincaré invariance, the Unruh effect, and black hole evaporation","authors":"Alexandre Deur, Stanley J. Brodsky, Craig D. Roberts, Balša Terzić","doi":"arxiv-2405.06002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.06002","url":null,"abstract":"In quantum field theory, the vacuum is widely considered to be a complex\u0000medium populated with virtual particle + antiparticle pairs. To an observer\u0000experiencing uniform acceleration, it is generally held that these virtual\u0000particles become real, appearing as a gas at a temperature which grows with the\u0000acceleration. This is the Unruh effect. However, it can be shown that vacuum\u0000complexity is an artifact, produced by treating quantum field theory in a\u0000manner that does not manifestly enforce causality. Choosing a quantization\u0000approach that patently enforces causality, the quantum field theory vacuum is\u0000barren, bereft even of virtual particles. We show that acceleration has no\u0000effect on a trivial vacuum; hence, there is no Unruh effect in such a treatment\u0000of quantum field theory. Since the standard calculations suggesting an Unruh\u0000effect are formally consistent, insofar as they have been completed, there must\u0000be a cancelling contribution that is omitted in the usual analyses. We argue\u0000that it is the dynamical action of conventional Lorentz transformations on the\u0000structure of an Unruh detector. Given the equivalence principle, an Unruh\u0000effect would correspond to black hole radiation. Thus, our perspective has\u0000significant consequences for quantum gravity and black hole physics: no Unruh\u0000effect entails the absence of black hole radiation evaporation.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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